手术治疗拇指腕掌关节骨性关节炎的系统评价

目的系统评价不同手术方法治疗拇指腕掌关节骨性关节炎的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索MEDLINE(1966-2005)、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验注册资料库(2005年第3期)和中国生物医学文献数据库(1978-2005), 手检所获资料的参考文献,收集所有相关的随机对照试验,并对其方法学质量进行评价,而后进行Meta分析及定性分析。结果共纳入7个随机对照试验(RCT),且均有不同程度的方法学缺陷。目前的证据显示,大多角骨切除、韧带重建、肌腱间置术(LRTI)与单纯大多角骨切除术的近期效果．包括疼痛缓解、握力、拇指捏力、活动度、手的功能及患者满意度方面,差异均无统计学意义,但LRTI术后并发症发生率高于单纯大多角骨切除术。关于LRTI与单纯大多角骨切除术相比是否可以减少掌骨下沉,以及成形关节间隙是否与拇指力量相关,目前仅有混杂证据。有中等质量的证据表明,在拇指力量、患者满意度和第一掌骨下沉方面．LRTI 的效果与大多角骨切除、韧带重建术(LR)相似;有有限证据表明,LR术后手功能评分好于LRTI,而两者缓解疼痛的效果相似;有混杂证据支持LR术后拇指活动度好于LRTI。仅有有限证据表明LIRI与Swanson硅橡胶假体植入术的效果相似。尚缺乏关于其他手术方法,如掌骨截骨术、关节融合术、人工关节置换术的随机对照试验。结论尚无证据支持某一种手术方法的效果优于其他方法。需要更多高质量 RCT和更长的随访时间做进一步研究。     

Pre-emptive Analgesia: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Basic scientific evidence suggests that an analgesic intervention made before surgery will produce a better outcome than the same intervention made after surgery. The evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which tested this hypothesis in patients is reviewed. Four studies with paracetamol or NSAIDs did not show any preemptive effect. Of seven studies with local anaesthetic six did not show a pre-emptive effect. In the four studies with opioids there was weak evidence of a pre-emptive effect in three.

There are few perfect RCTs, and unfortunately this rule applies in the pre-emptive analgesia field. Many of the studies which did not show a pre-emptive effect lacked power. The opioid studies which did show a pre-emptive effect had other technical weaknesses.

One way to combat lack of power would be to combine data (meta-analysis). This is very difficult in this field because of the outcome measures which investigators are using.     

中西药治疗功能性消化不良随机对照试验的系统评价

目的系统评价中草药与西药治疗功能性消化不良的疗效、安全性差异。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、OVID、SpringerLink、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）及CNKI数据库,检索年限均从建库至2008年12月。手工检索纳入研究的参考文献及相关杂志、会议论文集、学位论文汇编等。按Cochrane系统评价方法筛选试验、评价质量、提取资料,并用RevMan 4．2．8软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7个随机对照试验,981例患者,其中治疗组647例,对照组334例。纳入试验的方法学质量均较高（Jadad计分≥3分）,3个A级,2个B级,2个C级。Meta分析结果显示：①达立通颗粒与西沙必利比较,两组临床总有效率[RR=1．03,95％CI（0．97,1．09）,P=0．36]、痞满证疗效[RR=1．06,95％CI（0．96,1．18）,P=0．23]、胃排空疗效[RR=1．05,95％CI（0．76,1．45）,P=0．78]、中医证候积分[WMD=0．41,95％CI（-1．05,1．87）,P=0．58]、舌脉象变化[RR=1．00,95％CI（0．69,1．45）,P=0．98]及不良反应发生情况[RR=1．00,95％CI（0．69,1．45）,P=0．46]差异均无统计学意义;②胃舒安颗粒与西沙必利比较,两组临床总有效率[RR=1．02,95％CI（0．96,1．07）,P=0．53]、痞满证疗效[RR=1．06,95％CI（0．97,1．15）,P=0．19]、胃排空疗效[RR=1．05,95％CI（0．86,1．28）,P=0．63]、中医证候积分[WMD=0．70,95％CI（0．11,1．29）,P=0．02]及不良反应发生情况[RR=0．33,95％CI（0．02,5．28）,P=0．44]差异亦无统计学意义;⑧健脾益气方剂[RR=1．16,95％CI（1．00,1．34）,P=0．05]、理气复胃口服液[RR=1．00,95％CI（O．91,1．11）,P=0．94]和健脾消胀冲剂[RR=0．88,95％CI（0．76,1．00）,P=0．06]与莫沙必利比较,其临床总有效率差异均无统计学意义;④和胃消痞胶囊与吗丁啉比较,其临床总有效率[RR=1．11,95％CI（0．87,1．41）,P=0．42]、痞满证疗效[RR=I．07,95％CI（0．93,1．24）,P=0．35]的差异也无统计学意义。结论现有证据表明,中草药治疗功能性消化不良的疗效、安全性与西药组相当,各疗效指标无明显差异。由于纳入研究方法学质量不均,及各研究间诊断标准、评价方法、失访描述等方面存在的差异,上述结论尚需更多设计严格的高质量RCT研究加以证实。     

中药五味骨疽拔毒散外敷治疗早期膝骨性关节炎临床观察

目的观察中药外敷对早期膝骨性关节炎的疗效。方法随机将80例早期膝关节炎患者平均分配到对照组和治疗组。对照组给予盐酸氨基酸葡萄糖胶囊,治疗组在给予同样治疗方式外加五味骨疽拔毒散外敷。观察并统计两组治疗前后临床疗效。结果两组治疗后炎症因子、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、骨性关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)有降低,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后各项观察指标治疗组明显低于对照组。结论中药外敷能缓解患者症状,提高临床疗效。     

盐酸氨基葡萄糖与对乙酰氨基酚治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸氨基葡萄糖治疗膝骨关节炎的临床效果。 方法 将2010年10月－2011年12月收治的70例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各35例。对照组单纯口服对乙酰氨基酚;观察组在对照组基础上加用盐酸氨基葡萄糖。观察两组临床疗效和不良反应。 结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 盐酸氨基葡萄糖治疗膝骨关节炎安全有效。     

Systematic Review of Guidelines for the Physical Management of Osteoarthritis

Objective

To undertake a systematic critical appraisal of guidelines to provide a summary of recommendations for the physical management of osteoarthritis (OA).

Data Sources

The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases were searched (2000–2013) to identify all guidelines, protocols, and recommendations for the management or treatment of OA. In addition, Internet searches of all relevant arthritis organizations were undertaken. All searches were performed between July 2012 and end of April 2013. Guidelines that included only pharmacological, injection therapy, or surgical interventions were excluded. Guidelines published only in English were retrieved.

Study Selection

OA guidelines developed from evidence-based research, consensus, and/or expert opinion were retrieved. There were no restrictions on severity or site of OA, sex, or age. Nineteen guidelines were identified for evaluation.

Data Extraction

The quality of all guidelines was critically appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II instrument. Each guideline was independently reviewed. All relevant recommendations for the physical management of OA were synthesized, graded, and ranked according to available evidence.

Data Synthesis

Seventeen guidelines with recommendations on the physical management of OA met the inclusion criteria and underwent a full critical appraisal. There were variations in the interventions, levels of evidence, and strength of recommendations across the guidelines. Forty different interventions were identified. Recommendations were graded from “strongly recommended” to “unsupported.” Exercise and education were found to be strongly recommended by most guidelines.

Conclusions

Exercise and education were key recommendations supporting the importance of rehabilitation in the physical management of OA. This critical appraisal can assist health care providers who are involved in the management of people with OA.     

清痹汤加减改善治膝骨关节炎患者MMP-3、TIMP-1的临床观察

目的探讨清痹汤加减对膝骨关节炎的治疗效果。方法膝骨关节炎的患者192例,分为研究组和对照组,每组各96例。研究组给予口服清痹汤进行治疗;对照组给予口服双氯灭痛片进行治疗。1个月后对比两组的治疗效果、副作用,同时对患者的血液进行检查,对比两组患者血液中的MMP-3、TIMP-1的含量。结果研究组治疗效果及副作用情况较对照组佳;研究组血液中的MMP-3、TIMP-1的改变优于对照组。结论灵活运用清痹汤对膝骨关节炎具有明显的治疗效果,且毒副作用较少,能有效减少MMP-3、增加TIMP-1的含量,阻止患者病情的进一步发展。     

俞原配穴治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨性关节炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察针刺俞原配穴治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将符合标准的66例肝肾亏虚型膝骨性关节炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各33例,对照组患者采用口服塞来昔布治疗,观察组予以俞原配穴加局部穴位针刺治疗,均治疗30天,比较2组患者在治疗前后VAS评分与WOMAC评分和临床疗效。结果:治疗后2组患者VAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05),观察组WOMAC评分低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),疗程结束后1个月随访发现观察组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:俞原配穴针刺法可以有效缓解临床症状,缓解疼痛,临床疗效确切,远期疗效较好。     

超声波联合非甾体抗炎药治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床效果

目的 :对比研究超声波联合非甾体抗炎药 (NSAIDs)与传统NSAIDs治疗老年膝关节骨关节炎 (OA)的临床疗效。方法 :膝关节骨关节炎患者 132例 ,随机分为联合组、对照组 1和对照组 2各 4 4例。联合组给予环氧化酶 2 (COX 2 )抑制剂罗非昔布及超声波治疗 ,对照组 1和 2分别单独接受罗非昔布及超声波治疗 ,并比较 3组治疗后的临床效果。结果 :经 8周治疗后 ,平均Womac关节炎指数评分和平均OA严重程度指数改变程度 ,联合组均显著优于 2个对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :通过 2种不同方法的联合治疗可使膝关节OA的临床效果得到进一步提高。     

针刺或热敏灸配合玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨治疗膝骨关节炎的最佳方案。方法 :将90例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为针刺加玻璃酸钠组(A组)、热敏灸加玻璃酸钠组(B组)和玻璃酸钠组(C组),每组各30例。A组给予针刺治疗,针后行TDP治疗仪照射,1次/d;1周后再予玻璃酸钠注射液膝关节腔注射治疗,1次/周。B组施以热敏灸,15 min/次,1次/d;1周后再予玻璃酸钠注射液膝关节腔注射治疗,1次/周。C组单纯进行玻璃酸钠注射液膝关节腔内注射,1次/周。结果 :A、B、C三组的临床疗效总有效率分别为86.67%、83.33%和70.00%。A组与B组的总有效率均明显高于C组,P0.05;A组与B组比较,差异无统计学意义,P0.05。三组的数字评价量表(NRS)评分值比较,A组与B组在缓解患者疼痛方面优于C组,P0.05;A组与B组在症状的改善程度方面差异没有统计学意义,P0.05;2个月后,A组与B组远期疗效优于C组,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。膝关节功能积分数值显示,三组均能有效的促进膝关节功能的恢复,P0.05;A组与B组比较没有明显优劣,P0.05。结论:针刺或热敏灸结合玻璃酸钠注射液膝关节腔注射治疗治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效和远期疗效均优于单一玻璃酸钠注射液膝关节腔注射治疗。     

An Overview of Traditional Chinese Herbal Formulae and a Proposal of a New Code System for Expressing the Formula Titles

Traditional Chinese herbal therapy can be characterized by theuse of a large number of multi-herb formulae. To provide modernand Western scientists without knowledge of Chinese literatureand cultural background easy access to information, a databasewith a total of 11 810 traditional Chinese herbal formulae wasconstructed. All the information was then translated into understandablescientific terms in English. While coining the formula titlesin English, we discovered some principles governing the namingof titles by using computer analysis. In addition, we observedthat about 92% of the formulae are in the range of single-herbformulae to thirteen-herb formulae. Most large number-herb formulaeare formulated by combining pre-existing smaller number-herbformulae. The King herbs ()with major therapeutic activity in a multi-herb formula wereidentified by the formulation concept using two parameters:the herbal dose and the herbal drug property (the degree oftoxicity). Based on such analytical data, we established anEnglish code system representing all formula titles writtenin ideographic Chinese characters: an array of important keywords such as ‘Herbal name in Latin + Efficacy (Targetorgans) + Preparation form + Number of herbs.’ By searchingthe English version of the database with any of the above keywords, a variety of information on the status of traditionalChinese herbal therapy can be accessed.     

Variation in Plasma Levels of Glucosamine With Chronic Dosing: A Possible Reason for Inconsistent Clinical Outcomes in Osteoarthritis

PurposeGlucosamine is widely used by patients with osteoarthritis (OA) to provide symptomatic relief and to delay disease progression. However, clinical studies have reported inconsistent clinical outcomes. The current study hypothesized that the reported inconsistent clinical results could be, in part, due to variable bioavailability and elimination of glucosamine. This study therefore aimed to determine steady-state minimum plasma concentrations (C_{ss min}) of glucosamine to examine the variability among patients taking the supplement.MethodsPatients with OA who had been taking glucosamine for at least 1 week were recruited. Patients' blood samples were collected 24 h after the ingestion of the previous dose to determine Observed C_{ss min} and after a 5-day washout period to determine the endogenous glucosamine levels (GlcN_end). The Actual C_{ss min} was calculated by using the following equation: Actual C_{ss min} = Observed C_{ss min} – GlcN_end. The glucosamine plasma concentrations were determined by using a previously developed HPLC method.FindingsNinety-one participants (age range, 42–89 years; mean [SD] age, 68.2 [7.6] years) were recruited (70% females). There was substantial (106-fold) variation, with a 45% coefficient of variation, between the Actual C_{ss min} levels (3–320 ng/mL) in participants. No significant association of Actual C_{ss min} was observed with various dose- and patient-related variables.ImplicationsThe observed high variability in steady-state plasma concentrations indicates substantial inter-patient differences in the absorption and elimination of glucosamine, which could be a cause for inconsistent clinical outcomes in patients with OA.     

The Addition of Tramadol as a Second Opioid May Improve Pain Relief in Severe Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Study

Background: Opioid combination has been shown to reduce the need for escalating doses for the treatment of cancer pain. A prospective study was planned to evaluate the addition of tramadol to a stronger opioid for the treatment of severe pain as a result of osteoarthritis, previously uncontrolled by non‐opioid analgesics or weak opioids. Methods: All subjects received tramadol 200 mg and tizanidine 2 mg. At 2 weeks, tramadol was discontinued for patients still reporting poor pain relief (effectiveness ≤50%), and a stronger opioid was titrated to a morphine equivalent amount (MEA) of 40–60 mg orally. After two additional weeks, patients were then divided into two groups: the Strong Opioid Group (SO) and the Tramadol plus the Strong Opioid Group (TSO). The SO group was allowed to escalate opioid dose for lack of effectiveness; the TSO group received tramadol 150 mg daily, thereafter additional strong opioid titration was allowed. Results: A total of 74 patients were studied: SO (n = 40) and TSOG (n = 34). All patients eventually achieved pain relief quality, with both groups reporting similar Karnofsky Performance Scale effectiveness. The SO group achieved satisfactory pain relief (>50%) at an average daily oral MEA of 120 mg. TSO subjects achieved satisfactory pain relief (>50%) at an average daily oral MEA of 95 mg. Discussion: The addition of tramadol provided a synergistic effect resulting in a 30‐mg decrease in necessary morphine equivalents with fewer opioid‐related adverse effects.     

中医药治疗绝经后骨质疏松的疗效及安全性系统评价

目的分析中医药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的效果和可能的不良反应.方法电子检索:MEDLINE(1966～2003)、EMBASE(1974～2003)、Cochrane Library 2003年第4期的Controlled Trials Register、Current Con-trolled Trials、The National Research Register、中国生物医学文献数据库(1978～2003)和中文科技期刊全文数据库(1977～2003)、中文学术期刊全文数据库(1994～2003),并手工检索相关领域杂志.检索截止至2003年11月.所有检索均不受语种限制.纳入以绝经后妇女为研究对象、比较中医药与其它疗法疗效的随机或半随机对照试验,评价纳入研究的质量,并用RevMan 4.2软件进行Meta分析.结果共纳入33个研究,包括2 337例患者和27种中药.部分中药或中西医结合治疗对提高患者骨密度、血清雌二醇、血清钙可能有一定疗效.例如补肾益骨膏和补肾强骨胶囊调节绝经后妇女雌激素的效果优于安慰剂,其WMD和95?分别为[0.76(0.65,0.87)]和[39.94(35.12,44.76)];其余中药因研究数较少或结论不一致尚未发现较明显的趋势.中药治疗未发现明显的副作用.结论中医药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的疗效证据仍十分有限,尚需更多高质量研究以增加证据的强度.     

电针足少阳经穴配合功能训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床疗效分析

目的:探究电针足少阳经穴配合功能训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:膝关节骨性关节炎患者120例,随机将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组患者口服硫酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊并配合功能训练,观察组在对照组的基础上采用电针足少阳经穴进行治疗。3个疗程治疗前后,比较分析2组患者的治疗效果、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)疼痛评分、关节活动度量表(ROM)评分、Lysholm评分以及西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎调查量表(WOMAC)评分并对患者治疗后不良反应进行调查分析。结果:治疗3个疗程后,观察组的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,2组患者的Lysholm与ROM评分与治疗前相比均显著升高(均P<0.05),且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者的WOMAC评分及VAS评分与治疗前相比均显著降低(均P<0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗过程中,患者发生恶心呕吐2例,腹泻4例,皮肤过敏3例,总不良反应率7.5%。结论:电针足少阳经穴配合功能训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效显著,促使膝关节功能快速恢复,减少患者病痛且不良反...     

Efficacy of Periosteal Stimulation for Chronic Pain Associated With Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized,Controlled Clinical Trial

Background

Because of morbidity associated with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) and commonly prescribed analgesics, patients often pursue complementary and alternative modalities (eg, acupuncture). Clinical trials have demonstrated modest therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese acupuncture for knee OA pain, and patients with advanced disease have largely been excluded. We have previously demonstrated preliminary short-term tolerability and efficacy of periosteal stimulation therapy (PST) (ie, electrical stimulation of the periosteum facilitated by acupuncture needles) for older adults with advanced knee OA.

Objective

This study evaluated the sustained efficacy of PST and boosters for treating chronic pain with advanced knee OA.

Methods

One hundred ninety participants age >50 years with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 or 4 knee OA and chronic pain were randomized to (1) PST (once a week for 10 weeks) followed by PST boosters for 6 months (once every 2 weeks 2 times, then once a month), (2) control PST (ie, periosteal needles and brief electrical stimulation of control points) once a week for 10 weeks, or (3) PST for 10 weeks followed by control PST boosters for 6 months. Change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score immediately after the 10-week intervention and at 6-month follow-up (9 months after baseline) was the primary outcome. OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials–Osteoarthritis Research Society International) criteria also were evaluated. Secondary measures of outcome included (1) physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, gait speed, Timed Up and Go, and timed stair climb); (2) psychological factors (depressive symptoms measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale, coping measured with the catastrophizing subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and self-efficacy measured with the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale); (3) health-related quality of life measured with the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; (4) rescue pain medication use tracked with diaries; and (5) health care utilization and interim physical activity were monitored via monthly telephone calls.

Results

After adjustment for pain at baseline, the PST and control booster did not differ from controls at 10 weeks (difference, 1.3; 95% CI, −0.10 to 2.8; P = 0.0683) or 9 months (difference, 1.1; 95% CI, −0.32 to 2.6; P = 0.13). The PST and PST booster group had similar improvement compared with controls at 10 weeks (baseline adjusted difference, 1.1; 95% CI, −0.34 to 2.5; P = 0.1369) but significantly more improvement at 9 months (baseline adjusted difference, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.069 to 3.0; P = 0.0401). Baseline depressive symptoms, low self-efficacy, higher difficulty performing daily activities, and greater knee stiffness predicted a lower likelihood of response.

Conclusion

PST plus PST boosters in patients age >50 with advanced knee OA were well-tolerated and modestly reduced pain. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00865046.     

锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸术治疗脑出血临床研究证据的系统评价

目的了解是否已有足够证据表明锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸术治疗脑出血可以推广.方法全面收集国内外关于血肿抽吸术治疗脑出血的临床研究,并按Cochrane协作网推荐的方法进行系统评价和分析.结果共检索到随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)8个,病例757例;有对照未随机分组的研究17个,病例1 766例;无对照的系列病例观察研究20个,病例1 244例.所有研究均认为锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸术治疗脑出血有不同程度的疗效,但其中RCT比例较小且均存在不同程度的方法学缺陷.结论现有证据提示锥颅穿刺血肿抽吸术治疗脑出血很有前途,但严格设计的RCT证据数量太少,质量有待改进,结果说服力不强.目前尚难做出该疗法是否利大于害的结论,还需更多高质量的RCT证实其疗效,以便在国内外推广.