Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy for “early” glottic carcinoma classified as T1-T2N0 invading the anterior commissure

Purpose: “Early” glottic squamous cell carcinoma classified as T1-T2N0 with anterior commissure invasion is conventionnaly managed with vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) or radiation therapy (FIT). At our institution, in the early 1980s, vertical partial laryngectomy was progressively replaced by supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL-CHEP). The medical files and operative charts of 62 patients with “early” glottic carcinoma classified as T1-T2N0 invading the anterior commissure, consecutively managed with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain whether any conclusions could be drawn regarding this treatment modality.Materials and Methods: Survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and metachronous second primary tumor estimate was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method.Results: The 3- and 5-year actuarial survival estimate was 93.3% and 86.5%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year actuarial local control estimate was 98.2%. The only patient with local recurrence was successfully salvaged with FIT resulting in an overall 100% local control rate and laryngeal preservation rate. The 3- and 5-year actuarial nodal recurrence estimate was 1.8%. The 3- and 5-year actuarial distant metastasis estimate was 0% and 2%, respectively. Aspiration related completion total laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy never occurred.Conclusion: The present retrospective study suggests that cricohyoidoepiglottopexy for glottic carcinoma classified as T1-T2 invading the anterior commissure resulted in higher local control rates and overall laryngeal preservation rate when compared with historical series using either VPL or RT. Further series are warranted to confirm our results.     

环状软骨上喉次全切除术及疗效分析

目的探讨环状软骨上喉次全切除术(简称环上喉次全切除术)的可行性及其疗效。方法回顾性分析1990—2001年43例行环上喉次全切除术的T1b～T4及术后放疗后复发的喉癌患者,声门上癌16例,声门癌21例,声门下癌2例;外院术后复发3例,放疗后复发1例。临床分级:T1b6例,T213例,T316例,T44例。应用3种不同的环上喉次全切除术进行治疗(17例行环上喉次全切除环舌骨固定术,24例行环上喉次全切除环舌骨会厌固定术,2例采用环上喉次全切除气管环舌骨会厌固定术)。16例患者辅以放疗。结果KaplanMeier法统计生存率,随诊中位时间57个月。全组总的3年累积生存率为90.7%,5年累积生存率83.7%。术后拔管率为95.3%(41/43)。保留双侧杓状软骨的拔管时间为14d,保留单侧杓状软骨的拔管时间为43d。术后8周评价误咽发生率为14.0%(6/43),切除会厌增加了术后的误咽及拔管时间(P<0.05)。结论环上喉次全切除术是一种在肿瘤根治和喉功能保全上能达到临床应用水平的术式。     

Respiratory complications after supracricoid partial laryngectomy

The objective of the study was to analyze the incidence, treatment, and prevention of early and late respiratory complications in a series of patients who had supracricoid partial laryngectomies with either cricohyoidoepiglottopexy or cricohyoidopexy. From medical charts, we retrospectively reviewed 101 patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomies, from 1980 to 2006, for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and recorded the various postoperative complications and the time of decannulation. The mortality rate was 3.96%. Early complications included broncho-pulmonary infections and laryngeal stenoses which occurred in 9.9%. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the pulmonary complications and neck dissections (p < 0.04). Later, they were due to laryngeal obstruction (neolaryngeal mucosal flap, residual false vocal cord fold or arytenoid edema). The median decannulation time was 8 days, and there was a significant relationship between the decannulation delay and the pulmonary complications. Only two patients had a later definitive tracheotomy. Respiratory complications after supracricoid partial laryngectomy are frequent, but can be easily managed in most cases. A preoperative pulmonary assessment is necessary to select patients. During surgery, a precise impaction of the hyoid bone with the cricoid cartilage and a repositioning of an arytenoid can avoid some postoperative stenoses.     

环状软骨上喉次全切除术后喉功能探讨

目的 探讨环状软骨上喉次全切除术后喉功能的恢复。方法 分析2002-2004年行环状软骨上喉次全切除术21例喉癌患者,其中声门型14例,行环状软骨-舌骨-会厌固定术：声门上型7例,行环状软骨-舌骨固定术。结果 术后30-45天拔管,平均拔管时间为36．4天,拔管率为90．5％（19／21）;大多患者术后有误咽,经训练后全部恢复正常饮食及发音功能但有不同程度的嘶哑。结论 环状软骨上喉次全切除术是保留喉功能的有效术式。     

扩大垂直半喉切除术和环状软骨舌骨会厌吻合术疗效观察和术后评估

目的 扩大垂直半喉切除和传统喉环状软骨上部分切除环舌骨会厌吻合术(cricochyoidoepiglottopexy,CHEP)的疗效和术后评估的比较.方法 回顾性分析1998-2005年扩大垂直半喉切除患者和传统喉环状软骨上部分切除环舌骨会厌吻合术式患者临床资料.扩大垂直半喉切除方法为:按类似扩大垂直半喉术式的方法切除健侧声带、室带及1/3至2/3左右的甲状软骨板,保留健侧环杓关节,切除患侧声带、室带、患侧活动受限或固定的杓状软骨及患侧2/3左右甲状软骨板,保留双侧甲状软骨板的后缘,直接将环状软骨上提和舌骨会厌固定吻合.扩大垂直半喉切除组(简称改良组):37例声门型喉癌,T2 16例,T3 21例.传统CHEP组:34例声门型喉癌,T2 12例,T321例,T4 1例.结果 Kaplan-Meier法统计生存率,改良组的3年累积生存率为91.7%,传统CHEP组为87.5%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).改良组的5年累积生存率为80.6%,传统CHEP组为81.3%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后拔管率改良组为100.0%(37/37),传统CHEP组为94.1%(32/34),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后拔管平均时间((x-)±s)改良组为(14.0±2.3)d,传统CHEP组为(19.0±4.6)d,两组差异有统计学意义(t=5.80,P<0.001).术后8周评价误咽发生率,改良组为2.7%(1/37),传统CHEP组为23.5%(8/34),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后误咽呛咳评分通过Ridit分析,结果表明两组之间差异有统计学意义(U=7.341,P<0.001),改良组误咽呛咳的不适症状明显轻于传统CHEP组.结论 扩大垂直半喉切除在肿瘤根治上和传统CHEP术式无差别,而在喉功能保全上优于传统CHEP术式.     

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy for severe laryngeal stenosis

We report 2 cases in which supracricoid partial laryngectomy and cricohyoidoepiglottopexy were used to restore the airway in cases of severe associated glottic and supraglottic laryngeal stenosis.     

改良环状软骨上喉部分切除术治疗中晚期喉癌的疗效及生存质量评估

目的　评价改良环状软骨上喉部分切除对中晚期喉癌的生存率及生存质量的效果。方法　回顾性统计分析2002～2015年本院经治中晚期喉癌行改良环状软骨上喉部分切除手术患者共65例,其中男62例,女3例;年龄35～80岁;T2级患者26例,T3级32例,T4a级7例。并与同期120例行喉垂直部分切除手术患者的术后功能效果进行对 比。结果　T2～T4级喉癌患者行改良环状软骨上喉部分切除术后的5年累积生存率是82.3%,拔管率为98.3%,喉垂直部分切除手术患者的拔管率为86.1%,改良环状软骨上喉部分切除术后拔管率明显优于喉垂直部分切除手术组（P <0.05）。两组患者术后发音质量,误咽情况比较无明显差别（P >0.05）。结论　改良环状软骨上喉部分切除是治疗中晚期喉癌可行的手术方式。     

Supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) in the management of laryngeal carcinoma: oncologic results. A 35-year experience

To evaluate the long-term oncologic results of supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) for laryngeal cancer. A 35-year retrospective study concerning 291 patients treated by supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP for laryngeal cancer was performed. The following postoperative data were studied: recurrence rates (lymph node and laryngeal), distant metastases and second cancer. The mortality rate and overall survival were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The postoperative mortality was 1.03 %. 23 patients were lost to follow-up. The 3-year survival rate was 84 % and the 5-year survival rate was 80 %. 12 patients developed distant metastasis. 31 patients developed a second cancer. The local (laryngeal) control rate was 93.94 % and the regional (cervical lymph node) control rate was 92.05 %. In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of a second non-ENT cancer and metastasis as well as margins involvement were reliable to mortality. Supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP appears to be associated with very good long-term oncologic results and still has a place in the management of T1, T2 and selected T3 glottic cancers.     

Pathological validation of supracricoid partial laryngectomy in laryngeal cancer

Objectives: To validate pathologically whether supracricoid partial laryngectomy is an oncologically sound procedure in cases with invasion of the thyroid cartilage, paraglottic space, pre‐epiglottic space, anterior commissure, or subglottis. Design: A retrospective review of case notes was performed. Setting: Patients treated at a single institute in the Republic of Korea. Participants: Sixty‐three patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between June 1994 and May 2005 who were followed for at least 2 years. Main outcome measures: Local control and overall survival rates. Pathological invasion of the thyroid cartilage, anterior commissure, pre‐epiglottic space, paraglottic space, or subglottis was also investigated as a cause of recurrence. Prognostic factors for local control and survival were evaluated with univariate and multivariate models. Results: Invasion of the anterior commissure, paraglottic space, thyroid cartilage, pre‐epiglottic space, or subglottis had no significant impact on the recurrence or overall survival rates. The presence of a positive resection margin was significantly associated with recurrence in the univariate and multivariate analyses (P = 0.026, 0.028, respectively). When considering the prognostic factors influencing survival, the univariate analysis showed that N stage, a positive resection margin and recurrence had significant influences on the overall survival rate (P = 0.010, 0.0004 and 0.000 respectively). In the multivariate analysis, only recurrence affected the survival rate (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Supracricoid partial laryngectomy can be used with oncological safety in selected cases of laryngeal cancer with invasion of the anterior commissure, thyroid cartilage, pre‐epiglottic space, paraglottic space, or subglottis.     

Role of supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy in glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement

ObjectivesTo analyze oncologic and functional outcomes after supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCL-CHEP) in glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure (AC) involvement, to determine predictive factors, and to compare results with those reported for other therapeutic strategies.Material and methodsA retrospective analysis included all patients who underwent SCL-CHEP for glottic squamous cell carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement in our institution, between 2000 and 2014. Swallowing function was evaluated on the DOSS (Dysphagia Outcomes and Severity Scale).ResultsFifty-three patients were included. Three-year overall, cause-specific and recurrence-free survival rates were 86, 95 and 80%, respectively. There were 5 cases of local recurrence (9%), all treated by total laryngectomy. Smoking was the only predictive factor of recurrence-free survival (P = 0.02). Mean DOSS score was 5.5 ± 0.9. DOSS scores ≥ 6 (normal oral feeding) were recovered by 59% of patients. T-stage ≥ 2 was the only predictive factor for DOSS score (P = 0.04).ConclusionIn glottic carcinoma with anterior commissure involvement, SCL with CHEP provided a local control rate of more than 90%, which is higher than reported with endoscopic surgery or external radiotherapy. However, contrary to LSC, salvage of local recurrence can often be obtained by conservative treatments after endoscopic surgery. Therefore, total-laryngectomy-free survival rates after SCL-CHEP and endoscopic surgery are finally comparable.     

环状软骨上喉部分切除术的探讨

目的　通过对 18例喉癌患者的手术治疗 ,就环状软骨上喉部分切除术的有关问题进行探讨。方法　声门癌T1N0 M0 1例 ,T2 N0 M0 9例 ,T3N0 M0 2例 ,跨声门癌T3N1M0 3例 ,T3N2 M0 1例 ,T2 N0 M0 放射治疗后复发 1例 ,声门下癌T4N0 M0 1例 ;应用三种不同的环状软骨上喉部分切除术技术进行治疗。结果　 3年生存率 94 .4 %。所有患者均于术后第 7～ 4 2天 (平均 17天 )拔除气管套管 ,拔管率 10 0 % ;所有患者均在术后第 14～ 3 0天 (平均 2 2天 )拔除鼻饲管。术后所有患者均完全恢复了喉的发声、呼吸、吞咽及维持声门下压的生理功能。术后的发音情况也令人满意。结论　环状软骨上喉部分切除术打破了以往根据喉癌肿瘤临床分期决定喉部分切除与否的传统观点 ,为喉癌的手术治疗提出了一条新的术式。它在保证完整、安全有效地切除喉肿瘤病灶的同时 ,更加考虑到患者术后的功能及生存质量的改善 ,同时又能达到喉全切除术同样的局部控制率 ,值得推广应用     

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy and cricohyoidopexy for glottic and supraglottic carcinomas

OBJECTIVES: To review the patients operated in our department with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with either cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) (59 cases) or cricohyoidopexy (CHP) (10 cases) technique, for primary or recurrent glottosupraglottic squamous cell carcinoma and compare the technique with other surgical or conservative approaches for treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: From hospital charts, we retrospectively reviewed 69 patients who had undergone supracricoid partial laryngectomy with the CHEP or CHP technique between 1983 and 1996 for primary or recurrent glottosupraglottic squamous cell carcinoma in our department. Statistical evaluation of oncological and functional results were conducted. Results were compared with other surgical and conservative treatment for glottosupraglottic carcinoma of the larynx that were published previously in the literature. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients had CHEP or CHP for glottosupraglottic carcinoma of the larynx. Thirteen percent of the patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Minimum follow-up was 2 years or until death. Five-year actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier method) was 68%. Global local control was achieved in 84% of cases. Among previously untreated patients (n = 54), local control rate was 94.5%. After 1 year, 92.7% of patients achieved normal swallowing and respiration. Salvage total laryngectomy had to be performed in four patients (5.7%) for persistent aspiration and in five patients (7.2%), who were previously treated with radiotherapy, for local recurrence. No permanent tracheostomy or gastrostomy was required. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with either CHP or CHEP suggests that this technique is a valuable alternative to radiotherapy for T2-T4 glottosupraglottic carcinomas, particularly those with extension and invasion of the anterior commissure. It allows for preservation of a good laryngeal function without altering the long-term survival, keeping total laryngectomy as a salvage procedure.     

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy for recurrent laryngeal cancer

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent laryngeal cancer can be treated either with total laryngectomy or in selected cases with supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP). We performed a retrospective study to analyze the functional and oncological results of supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP. METHODS: Fourteen patients were treated with supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP. In 8 patients, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing was performed. Preoperative and postoperative voice evaluation was performed in 5 patients. Oncological and functional follow-up, postoperative complications, and data concerning rehabilitation were recorded on standard forms. RESULTS: After the supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP, 11 of the 14 patients were alive and disease-free. No local recurrences were found, but 2 patients had regional recurrences. The voice was worse after the operation; however, most patients were satisfied. Swallowing was uncompromised. CONCLUSIONS: Supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP for recurrent glottic laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy appears to be oncologically safe and functional.     

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy as a primary treatment for carcinosarcoma of the larynx

Carcinosarcoma of the larynx is uncommon. When it does occur; its clinical features resemble those of sarcomatoid carcinoma, and its biologic behavior is similar to that of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. We describe 2 cases of carcinosarcoma of the glottis. The tumors were staged as T3N0M0 and T2N0M0. Both patients were treated with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy. Eight months postoperatively, 1 of the 2 patients experienced a recurrence of the sarcomatous component of the tumor, and he underwent a total laryngectomy. The other patient remained free of disease at 12 months of follow-up. We conclude that supracricoid partial laryngectomy may be offered as an organ-preserving measure even in patients with sarcomatous disease; total laryngectomy can be held in reserve as a rescue measure. Patients must be closely monitored for early detection of recurrence. The role of adjuvant therapy for sarcomatous neoplasms in this area has not yet been clearly established.     

喉癌喉大部切除后功能恢复及生存率评价

目的　评价喉环上部分切除术带蒂软骨膜或肌膜整复喉腔、并重建“杓区”的临床应用价值 ,探讨提高治疗中晚期喉癌生存率及生存质量的方法。方法　回顾分析 15 9例喉次全切除术的临床资料 ,其中喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术 46例 ,喉水平垂直部分切除术 ( 3 / 4喉切除 ) 5 8例 ,喉环上部分切除术 2 6例 ,Pearson手术 2 9例。比较各术式术后喉的呼吸、发音、吞咽功能恢复情况。结果　喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术 3、5年生存率分别为 84 8% ( 3 9/ 46) ,75 0 % ( 2 7/ 3 6) ;拔管率 91 3 % ( 42 /46) ,3周内恢复吞咽功能 86 9% ( 40 / 42 ) ,语言响亮清晰者 89 1% ( 41/ 46)。 3、5年生存率与其他术式相比较 ,差异无显著性 ( χ2 值 =1 0 2 ,P >0 5 ) ,拔管率及语言清晰方面均优于其他 3种术式 (Hc =12 3 69,P <0 0 5 ) ,3周内吞咽功能恢复情况好于喉环上部分切除术及喉水平垂直部分切除术 (Hc =40 914,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术在不影响生存率的同时 ,有效恢复喉的全部功能 ,拔管率高 ,误吸低 ,语言响亮清晰 ,提高了患者生存质量     

Thyroid gland flap minimizes mucosal defects at supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy

Wound infection is a major complication after supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) for radiation therapy failure. A 60-year-old man received chemoradiotherapy for a glottic carcinoma. CHEP, reusing the thyroid gland flap (TF), was performed because the cancer recurred after a salvage vertical partial laryngectomy following radiation therapy failure. The TF was sutured to the supraglottis and cricoid cartilage mucosa to minimize mucosal defects before the hyoid bone and cricoid cartilage were sutured. Wound healing after CHEP was good without infection. After decannulation, oral food intake was possible without aspiration, and speech function was comparable to that of other patients who had supracricoid partial laryngectomies. Histopathological examination revealed a close connection between the TF and its surrounding tissues without fibrous scarring. TF may improve wound healing after CHEP for radiation failure by minimizing mucosal defects.     

喉癌喉大部切除后功能恢复及生存率评价

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of supracricoid partial laryngectomy with laryngoplasty in treating laryngeal cancer and reconstructing its functions. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-nine patients receiving subtotal laryngectomy from 1993 to 1999 were analysed. 4 kinds of operations were performed for them. 46 cases underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy with the reconstruction of laryngeal function by pedicled flaps. RESULTS: Among the 46 cases receiving supracricoid partiallaryngectomy with laryngoplasty, aspiration did not occur in 40 cases. The decannulation rate was 91.3%, 3, 5 year survival rates were 84.8%, 75%. 41 cases resumed enjoyed satisfactory phonation. CONCLUSION: This form of laryngeal reconstruction in supraericoid partial laryngectomy with laryngoplasty is helpful to restore laryngeal function. It can prevent aspiration and improve the decannulation rate as well as the quality of life in partial laryngectomy patients.     

Comparison and Evolution of Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of Voice after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy with Cricohyoidoepiglottopexy

The present prospective study, based on a series of 12 male patients managed with supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL-CHEP), was designed i) to compare the perceptual and acoustic parameters before surgery and at 6 months after sugery, ii) to evaluate the evolution of the perceptual and acoustic parameters between 6 and 18 months postoperatively, and iii) to determine the correlations between the perceptual and acoustic parameters preoperatively and at 18 months postoperatively. The roughness was found to be significantly worsened after SCPL-CHEP. The jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, and degree of voiceless increased significantly after SCPL-CHEP. Neither acoustic nor perceptual parameters varied significantly between 6 and 18 months postoperatively. Preoperatively, a strong statistical correlation was found between grade, roughness and strain and all acoustic parameters but F0. Breathiness was statistically correlated with all acoustic parameters but jitter. Postoperatively the only statistical correlation noted was between roughness and F0.     

Analysis of multicentricity in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma treated with partial laryngeal surgery

A clinicopathological analysis of multicentricity in patients treated with either supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy or supracricoid partial laryngectomy for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was conducted. This study included 63 patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy or supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy for T2 or T3 supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included patients with one focus of the tumor (monocentric), and Group 2 included patients who had more than one focus of the tumor (multicentric) diagnosed after pathology examination. Forty-eight (76.2 %) of the patients had one focus of the tumor (Group 1) and 15 (23.8 %) of the patients had more than one focus of the tumor (Group 2). The rates of lymph node metastasis in Group 1 and Group 2 were 12.5 and 60 %, respectively. The second focus was invasive in seven (46.6 %) of the patients, carcinoma in situ in six (40 %) of the patients, and both invasive and carcinoma in situ in two (13.3 %) patients. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates of Groups 1 and 2 were 77.1–66.7 % and 56.2–46.7 %, respectively. With regard to survival rates, no statistically significant difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.576). The lack of statistical significance might have been associated with the low sample size. Although multicentric tumors of the supraglottic larynx have high incidence of nodal metastasis, no significant increase in the rate of recurrence was determined.     

环上喉切除喉功能重建术78例疗效分析

目的回顾20年来对喉声门癌保留会厌的环上喉切除喉功能重建的远期疗效,研究这一手术的可行性和保证患者生活质量的效果.方法随访1980年1月～1996年1月期间行环上喉切除保留会厌喉功能重建术78例,总结统计其手术疗效.结果78例患者中,随访3年时有68例存活,2例死于肿瘤复发,8例死于其它疾病,3年生存率87.2%.随访5年有59例存活,5年生存率75.6%(59/78).随访满10年的38例患者中有8例存活,占21.1%.存活满20年者2例.术后拔管率提高到97.4%(76/78).患者恢复了正常吞咽功能,且喉的发音功能理想.结论改良的保留会厌环上喉切除环咽吻合喉功能重建术既能彻底切除肿瘤,又重建喉功能,提高了患者的生存质量,值得推广.