自我概念在应激性生活事件与抑郁、焦虑之间的调节效应分析

目的检验自我概念在青少年应激性生活事件与抑郁、焦虑情绪之间的调节效应。方法应用青少年生活事件量表、Wallace自我概念量表、Beck抑郁自评量表和Beck焦虑量表等对732名大学生进行测查,运用分层回归分析来检验调节效应。结果应激性生活事件、自我概念、抑郁和焦虑之间均两两显著相关。交互作用项"应激×自我概念"的回归系数在以抑郁和焦虑为因变量的回归方程中均达显著水平(β=-0.111,t=-3.377,P=0.001;β=-0.086,t=-2.489,P=0.013)。结论自我概念在应激和抑郁、焦虑情绪之间起调节效应,应激对自我概念差者的抑郁、焦虑情绪影响更大。     

负性生活事件与大学生抑郁情绪的关系:社会支持的中介与调节作用

目的探讨负性生活事件与大学生抑郁情绪的相关性以及社会支持在负性生活事件与抑郁情绪之间的作用,为改善大学生的抑郁情绪提供有效措施。方法于2017年1月和3月,在山东省济南市和烟台市各抽取一所高校,采用整群抽样方法选取600名在校大学生,使用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对其进行评定。结果 CES-D与ASLEC评分呈正相关(r=0.271,P0.05),CES-D评分与SSRS的客观支持、主观支持和对支持的利用度评分均呈负相关(r=-0.127、-0.239、-0.215,P均0.05)。主观支持在负性生活事件与抑郁情绪之间的中介作用显著(P0.01);主观支持和客观支持在负性生活事件与抑郁情绪之间的调节作用显著(P0.05或0.01)。结论负性生活事件对大学生的抑郁情绪有正向预测作用,主观支持在负性生活事件和抑郁情绪之间起部分中介作用,主观支持、客观支持在负性生活事件与抑郁情绪之间起调节效应。     

临床医学生睡眠质量及其影响因素的分析

目的　探讨临床医学生睡眠质量现状及其与心理健康状况、生活事件、应对方式和个性等因素的相互关系。方法　采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)、症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、青少年生活事件量表、应对方式问卷及艾森克个性问卷 ,对中山大学 4 5 0名一、三、五年级的临床医学生进行测查。结果　睡眠问题检出率 17 8% ,三年级睡眠质量较差 ,生活事件应激值、应对方式 ,N、E量表分、SCL 90总均分与睡眠质量呈显著相关 ,各因子间也存在一些显著性相关 ,多元回归分析提示 :学习压力、N分、SCL 90总均分和积极应对分对睡眠质量有显著预测作用。结论　就临床医学生睡眠质量而言 ,生活事件、个性、心理健康状况和应对方式对其既有直接影响又存在交互作用。     

监狱警察压力、心理健康素质与心理健康的关系

目的 探讨监狱警察压力、心理健康素质和心理健康之间的关系.方法 采用方便抽样方法进行抽样,使用自编一般资料调查表、自编监狱警察压力量表、中国成年人心理弹性量表（RTS-CA）、中国成年人人际健康素质量表（IHDS-CA）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对北京市218名监狱警察进行测查.以心理弹性、人际素质、压力、心理健康水平为变量构建路径分析模型.结果 （1）监狱警察在SCL-90的躯体化、抑郁和焦虑分量表上的评分显著高于全国成人常模（P＜0.01）.（2）路径分析模型各拟合指数为CMIN=1.17,GFI=0.93,CFI=0.93,RMSEA=0.031,模型整体路径显著（P＜0.01）.结论 监狱警察的心理健康水平较低,压力通过心理弹性、人际交往素质而影响监狱警察的心理健康水平,强化心理健康素质是维护监狱警察心理健康的有效途径.     

医学生心理健康状况及其与个性特征的关系

目的了解医学大学生的心理健康状态,探讨医学大学生的个性特征与心理健康的关系。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL90)和艾森克成人个性问卷(EPQ)对507名医学大学生进行心理卫生评估。结果三年级医学生心理健康水平高于全国常模和大学生样本,精神医学专业学生心理健康水平高于临床医学专业学生,心理健康水平与个性外倾和对精神卫生知识的了解程度呈正相关,与个性不稳定呈负相关。结论医学大学生心理健康状况与个性特征相关,高等院校应加强精神卫生知识的普及,有针对性地进行健康教育。     

Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL)--college version: validation and application in a Greek sample

OBJECTIVES: a) To validate the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL)--college version in a Greek population sample and b) To test the hypothesis that students scoring high on the ISEL present stronger resistance to stressful experiences and fewer psychological or physical problems. DESIGN: Rating scale assessment and analytical cross-sectional study. METHOD: The ISEL was translated into Greek and then back-translated into English. A random sample of 145 students of the Faculty of Medicine completed: a) the translated version of the ISEL, b) the Symptom Check List 90-R (SCL-90-R), c) the Scale of Stressful Life Events (SSLE) and d) a questionnaire about physical health problems. Comparisons were conducted between the scores on the ISEL and the scores on the other measures. Correlations were also calculated between the scores on the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL-90-R and SSLE, separately for students with high, fair and low social support, in order to assess the protective role of social support. The test-retest reliability and the internal consistency of the ISEL were also investigated. RESULTS: The students with a lower score in social support reported more psychological and somatic symptoms. The students with a higher score in social support were protected against the harmful effect of stressful events. The ISEL presents good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.452-0.752) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC): 0.631-0.847). CONCLUSIONS: The ISEL is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring social support among Greek students. A higher score on the ISEL is correlated with a significant stress-buffering effect.     

Effects of College Students’ Perceived Stress on Anxiety in the Time of COVID-19: The Chain Mediation Role of Psychological Resilience and Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy

COVID-19 has changed the way of learning and life of college students. The purpose is to explore the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety, and the mediating effect of resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in college students during COVID-19. 309 students from three colleges were selected as research participants (average age 19.79 ± 1.11 years). SPSS was used to measure the correlation between variables. Amos was used to test the path coefficient and mediating effect of the hypothetical model. The results show that: Firstly, perceived stress has a significantly and positively predictive effect on anxiety. Secondly, psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy independently played a significant and partially mediating effect between perceived stress and anxiety. Among them, perceived stress had a negative predictive effect on psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy had a negative predictive effect on anxiety. Thirdly, psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy play a chain mediation role between psychological stress and anxiety. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy cannot only directly predict the level of anxiety, but also indirectly predict the level of anxiety by regulating psychological resilience. This study reveals the relationship between college students’ perceived stress and anxiety, and the mediating effect of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in the new time of COVID-19. The chain mediation role of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy reminds college mental health educators that improving students’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy is an important way to promote students’ mental health.     

飞行员心理健康状况及相关心理社会因素的调查研究

目的探讨心理社会应激因素与飞行员心理健康的关系,为开展心理健康教育和提高军事训练的效率提供科学依据。方法对421名健康疗养飞行员进行问卷调查,包括症状自评量表（SymptomChecklist90,SCL-90）、卡特尔16种人格问卷（Cattell’S16PersonalityFactors,16PF）、社会支持评定量表（SocialsupportRatingScale,SSRS）、紧张性生活事件评定量表（StrainedLifeEventRat—ingScale,SLERS）,并采用SPSS11．0作相关／回归分析。结果飞行员自身的多项性格特点、获得的社会支持、经历的多项紧张性生活事件与其心理健康水平均有相关性;多元回归分析显示,负性的人际关系问题、负性的工作经济问题、负性的学习问题、负性生活事件年心理紧张度,性格特点中紧张性、稳定性、忧虑性、敢为性以及其自身健康等级是影响军事飞行员心理健康的主要因素。结论心理应激有关因素对飞行员心理健康有重要影响。     

Life events and anxiety in Chinese medical students

The authors studied a sample of 537 Chinese medical students aged 15–21 years using Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and a life events checklist. The results showed that test pressure, less free time, peer competition, failure in a test, and financial problems were the most common stressful experiences for medical students during the previous 12 months. Social and personal problems were rated the highest on scores of perceived stress. Of all students, 12.5% scored over the cut-off point on the SAS previously established to indicate risk of psychiatric disorder. Using a stepwise regression analysis, it was shown that poor health status, little physical exercise, financial problems in the family, test pressure, conflict with classmates, the personality trait of introversion, getting up late in the morning, and freshman status were independently associated with the presence of anxiety.     

慢性疼痛与器质性疼痛心理学特征的对照研究

目的 旨在探讨慢性疼痛与器质性疼痛心理学特征的差异。方法 采用ＳＣＬ－９０、ＬＥＳ、ＳＳＲＳ、ＤＳＱ、ＨＡＭＤ、ＨＡＭＡ等尽理学量表对５９例慢性疼痛（ＣＰ）与５０例器质性疼痛（ＯＰ）患者进行对照研究,并用ｔ检验对数据进行统计分析。结果 与ＯＰ组相比较,ＣＰ组有较多的生活支持相对缺乏,较易动用不成熟防御方式,有明显的抑郁、焦虑情绪。结论 慢性疼痛与心理社会因素密切相关。     

医学生述情障碍与心理健康及人格特征的关系研究

目的探讨医学院学生述情障碍与心理健康状况及人格特征的关系。方法对医学院在校大学生310人进行多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、修订艾森克个性问卷(EPQ,其中205名学生完成)的测量,并进行相关和回归分析。结果TAS与SCL-90各因子相关均有统计学意义(P均=0.000),相关值在0.185-0.396,与强迫因子的相关系数最高;TAS各因子与EPQ中的内外向(E)、神经质维度(N)的相关具有统计学意义;回归分析发现强迫因子、E对TAS影响较强。结论医学生述情障碍与心理健康状况及人格特征中的部分量表存在有统计学意义的中度相关,其中与强迫因子、E相关较强。     

Behavioral problems and related factors in children of different aged patients with schizophrenia——A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: With the age growing, changes of behavioral problems in children whose parents had schizophrenia, differences of related factors and ways for particular intervention should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To survey the behavioral problems in children of different aged patients with chizophrenia and investigate the correlation between behavioral problems and related factors in different aged groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Shandong Mental Health Center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 364 patients with schizophrenia were selected from eleven psychiatric hospitals from June 1999 to June 2000. There were 179 males and 185 females, and their ages ranged from 28 to 45 years. All patients met modified diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia (the second edition), China Classification of Mental Diseases and Diagnostic Criteria. Meanwhile, children of the 364 patients were grouped based on their ages, including 6–11 years old group [n =217; 114 males and 103 females; mean age of (9±2) years] and 12–16 years old group [n =147; 99 males and 48 females; mean age of (14±1) years]. The Chinese norms of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were regarded as the normal control group. METHODS: Children who received self-made mental health related factors inventory and Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were involved in this study. All children and their parents provided the confirmed consent. Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List was used for parents to mainly evaluate children, and the results manifested various behavioral problems based on different sexes and different ages. Self-made mental health related factors inventory contained questionnaires for parents and children, respectively. In this study, home situation of parents as well as personality characteristics and educational styles of children were mainly evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List in different aged children; ② Scores of self-made mental health related factors inventory based on different home situations and educational styles. RESULTS: Children of 364 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① There were no significant differences in total score of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List and sex in the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in schizoid, body recount, aggression, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of boys between the 6–11 years old group and the normal control group (P < 0.05–0.01). In addition, there were also significant differences in poor communication, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of girls between the 6–11 years old group and the normal control group (P < 0.05–0.01). ② As compared with normal control group, scores of home environment in the two aged groups demonstrated that educational level was low; interpersonal relationship was poor; relation to children was not closed; relationship between husband and wife was not harmonious; positive rate of family history was high; economic status was poor; family atmosphere was poor. Therefore, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). Educational level in parental generation and single parent family in the 6–11 years old group were higher than that in the 12–16 years old group, with significant difference (P < 0.05). As compared with the normal control group, results of education demonstrated that children in the two aged groups had poor communication with other children; they had poor behaviors in schools; most of them were boarded and had poor relationship with their parents; teaching styles for children were different. CONCLUSION: All children of different aged patients with schizophrenia had poor home environment and education; and they were often affected by other factors. Behavioral problems were changed with the age growing; in addition, these changes were related to home environment, education and society. Therefore, comprehensive intervention may be an ideal method.     

儿童期受虐大学生的情感痛苦特点及其心理复原力的影响因素

目的研究儿童期受虐待大学生情感痛苦的特点及其心理复原力的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样法,对803名大学生进行儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA）、自杀意念量表（SIS）、焦虑自评量表（SAs）、贝克抑郁自评问卷（BDI）、简式大五人格问卷（NEO—FFI—R）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、人口社会经济学资料调查问卷等测试。结果逐步回归分析发现,在控制其他因素的影响后,情感痛苦与神经质、虐待、生活事件呈正相关（β值=0．152～0．409,P〈0．01）,与谨慎性、外向性、身体健康状况呈负相关（β值=-0．101～-0．141,P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic分析发现,大学生情感痛苦心理复原力的危险因素为虐待总分（0R=1．107,95％CI-1．005～1．221）、神经质（0R=1．149,95％CI=1.080～1．223）;外向性（OR=0．933,95％CI-0．872～0．999）和友善性（OR=0．911,95％CI=0．839～0．989）为保护性因素。结论儿童期受虐待大学生的情感痛苦症状与其受虐待程度、大五人格特质、生活事件有关;虐待和神经质是其心理复原力的危险因素,外向性和友善性为其保护性因素。     

高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情绪及相关性分析

目的探讨青岛市高中毕业生的焦虑、抑郁情绪及其相关因素。方法从青岛市4所高中以班为单位整群抽取,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、个人评价问卷（PEI）、自尊量表（SES）及青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）对337名高三学生进行测查。结果有焦虑情绪63名,占20．1％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;有抑郁情绪92名,占29．4％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;相关性分析显示焦虑、抑郁情绪与自我评价、自尊、生活事件总分及其各因子分均有非常显著相关性（P〈0．01）。结论高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情况严重,不容忽视。     

Parent reported preschool attention deficit hyperactivity: measurement and validity

This is a two stage community study of 320 preschool children aged between two and a half to five years. An Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Scale (ADH-P) was constructed. A first stage sample was screened by asking parents to fill in the ADH-P and the Behaviour Check List (BCL) for behaviour problems; 116 children were included in the second stage. Reliability of the ADH-P was tested and found to be satisfactory. Its validity was also supported by teacher's report and clinical observation. Based on the parent report, the children were divided into four groups: pure hyperactive, pure behaviour problem, mixed and no problem groups. External correlates and psychopathology were examined among them. The mixed group had more symptoms, poor maternal mental health, high social adversities, poor prosocial behaviour and high help seeking. Whilst significant associations were also present between these correlates and pure behaviour problems, the situation was substantially worse when hyperactivity co-existed with behaviour problems. Accepted: 17 December, 1998     

海军舰艇兵心理健康状况的调查分析

目的　了解海军舰艇兵的心理健康状况。方法　应用症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)及心理健康相关问卷对海军舰艇兵进行心理健康状况调查。结果　除阳性项目数和焦虑因子外 ,SCL 90总分及其余 8项因子分均明显低于中国军人常模、中国新兵常模及中国正常人常模。SAS、SDS评分显著低于国内常模。结论　海军舰艇兵心理健康状况良好 ,应继续加强军人的心理健康教育和干预     

高师贫困生自尊、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的探讨高师贫困生自尊、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系,为高师院校心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表对218名贫困生和216名非贫困生进行测查。结果（1）高师贫困生的自尊、生活满意度、正性情感显著低于非贫困生,自我效能感、负性情感差异不显著。（2）自尊、自我效能感与主观幸福感显著相关。（3）不同自尊、不同自我效能感的高师贫困生主观幸福感的差异显著。（4）自尊、自我效能感对生活满意度、正性情感具有一定的预测力,自尊对负性情感具有预测作用。结论贫困生自尊、主观幸福感相对较低,自尊、自我效能感能显著预测主观幸福感。     

A Path Analysis of Self-determination and Resiliency for Consumers Living with Mental Illness

Over the last three decades, resilience has become a key area in mental health research, practice and policy, due to its potential to positively impact on wellbeing and quality of life. Research findings have identified that resilience positively correlates with an individual’s subjective sense of well-being and decreased mental health problems. Given the potential benefits of resilience for those living with mental illness, research should examine ways in which these individuals can increase their resilience levels. One such method of examining resilience in people living with mental illness is through a motivational lens. Using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) lens, this study examined the potential of a proposed model for understanding the correlation and influence of motivational constructs on the resilience of people with a lived experience of mental illness. Results illustrated a goodness-of-fit for the proposed model. Results can be used to illustrate the importance of motivation and self-determination for people living with mental illness.     

医学生认知情绪调节对心理症状水平的影响

目的研究医学生认知情绪调节策略对心理症状水平的影响。方法运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)与认知情绪调节问卷中文版(CERQ-C)对江苏某大学医学部586名本科生进行调查,按SCL-90界值分组后进行认知情绪调节策略比较,并对两个工具各因子间的相关性进行分析。结果医学生阳性组(SCL-90总评分160分)较多运用责难自己、沉思、灾难化策略,而较少运用理性分析策略;2不适应性调节策略与SCL-90各因子分及总均分呈正相关(P0.01),其中,沉思和灾难化与各因子分及总均分正相关;责难自己与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性及总均分正相关(P0.01),与躯体化、敌对呈正相关(P0.05);3灾难化、责难自己、沉思三种策略可联合预测心理症状水平15.9%的变异程度。结论医学生越多运用不适应性调节策略,其心理症状水平越高。     

中学生网络过度使用的影响因素分析

目的探索社会心理因素在网络过度使用发生中的综合作用,为进一步研究和干预提供参考。方法采用整群及分层抽样结合的方法,抽取赣州市1106名中学生,应用父母教养方式、社会支持评定、青少年生活事件及相关情绪评定量表进行集体问卷调查。结果收回有效问卷1012份,其中男生513名（50.7%）,女生499名（49.3%）。网络过度使用检出率为9.0%（95%可信区间=7.2%～10.8%）。消极的父母教养方式、抑郁、孤独等个性心理因素、负性生活事件、性别为男性等是中学生网络过度使用发生的危险因素;积极的父母教养方式、社会支持、自尊等则是中学生网络过度使用发生的保护因素。父母教养方式、性别、社会支持及负性生活事件等因素对中学生网络过度使用预测模型的贡献较大。结论中学生网络过度使用与多个社会心理因素相关。