HPLC-荧光法测定人血浆中伊立替康及其活性代谢产物的浓度

目的:建立同时测定人血浆中伊立替康(CPT-11)及其活性代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(SN-38)浓度的方法。方法:血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白及盐酸酸化后,以喜树碱为内标,采用高效液相色谱-荧光法测定。色谱柱为Waters Luna C_(18),流动相为0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液-乙腈(70∶30,V/V,用磷酸调节pH至4.0),流速为1 mL/min,激发波长为380 nm,发射波长为480 nm(CPT-11)、535 nm(SN-38),柱温为25℃,进样量为20μL。结果:CPT-11和SN-38血药浓度分别在200~1 000、5~45 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r分别为0.999 4、0.999 2,n=5),定量下限分别为200、5 ng/mL;日内、日间RSD为1.68%~5.57%;CPT-11和SN-38的相对回收率分别为90.12%~106.93%(RSD<8%,n=5)、92.07%~102.56%(RSD<6%,n=5),提取回收率分别为72.23%~86.56%(RSD<6%,n=5)、71.98%~83.44%(RSD<7%,n=5)。采用该方法测得5例结肠癌患者体内CPT-11和SN-38的血药浓度分别为431.13~617.19、13.97~31.89 ng/mL(静脉滴注结束后1 h),398.14~584.43、11.61~29.94 ng/mL(静脉滴注结束后2 h)。结论:该方法样品处理简单、快速,且灵敏度高、重复性好,适用于临床常规监测CPT-11及其代谢物SN-38的血药浓度及药动学研究。     

HPLC法测定合成伊立替康反应中7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱含量及转化率

目的:建立合成伊立替康反应中的7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱含量测定方法和转化率测定的HPLC方法.方法:采用外标法,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C18柱(5μm,250mm×46mm);流动相为甲醇乙腈溶液:用磷酸调pH至4.0的0.05moL/L磷酸氢二钾缓冲液(含10ml-L三乙胺)[(55:5...     

MCR-ALS应用于7-乙基-10羟基喜树碱中喜树碱含量的测定

目的：应用多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘（MCR-AIS）法，对7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱与喜树碱的色谱重叠峰进行分辨，并对杂质喜树碱进行定量。方法：以渐进因子分析（EFA）解析结果作为初始值对喜树碱与7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的色谱重叠峰进行ALS迭代优化，直至收敛。结果：采用此方法分辨所得光谱还原率高，定量结果的浓度值与真实值之间线性关系良好。结论：本方法用于药物色谱重叠峰分辨结果可靠。     

脂质体对7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱稳定性影响

目的考察脂质体对7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin,SN-38)活性形式的保护作用。方法建立测定SN-38活性形式的HPLC法,考察不同pH条件对SN-38活性与SN-38非活性形式相互转变动力学和平衡比例的影响;并研究了37℃的pH 7.4、8.0、9.0、10.0条件下脂质体对SN-38活性形式的保护作用。结果在pH<4.3的条件下,SN-38以其活性形式存在;在pH>9的条件下,SN-38主要以其非活性形式存在;在pH 6.5的条件下,SN-38活性和非活性形式之间相互转换最慢。包裹在脂质体内的SN-38在模拟生理条件下8 h活性形式质量分数仍大于98%。结论脂质体能够有效地保护SN-38α-羟基内酯环。     

7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的合成

用喜树碱乙基化制得的7-乙基喜树碱在冰乙酸中用双氧水氧化成N-氧化物,再经光照重排制得7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱,并优化了反应条件,总收率49%.     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中伊立替康的含量

目的建立血浆中伊立替康含量的测定方法。方法以C18色谱柱、0．05mol／LNa2HPO4(pH=3．0,内含0．05mol／L辛烷基磺酸钠)-乙腈=68：32为流动相分离、荧光检测伊立替康,外标法定量。结果伊立替康浓度在25．0-1000μg／L内,浓度与峰面积之间有良好的线性关系(C=0．00249A-8．15,r=0．9994)。最小检出质量浓度为2．0μg／L。50,100,500μg／L伊立替康的相对回收率(％)分别为96．4、98．3和100．4。三个浓度的平均日内RSD为2．87％,平均日间RSD为4．30％。结论本方法快速、简便、准确,可用于科研和临床工作中伊立替康血药浓度的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定血中伊立替康及活性代谢物SN-38浓度

目的：建立高效液相色谱法同时测定结直肠癌患者血中的伊立替康（CPT-11）及其活性代谢物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱（SN-38）的浓度,并对我院基因型指导给药方案进行评价。方法：以2μg·mL-110-羟基喜树碱作为内标,先用100μL 10%高氯酸沉淀蛋白,再用50μL 10%高氯酸酸化血浆。采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse C8色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm）对CPT-11和SN-38进行分离;以0.05 mol·L-1的磷酸二氢钠-乙腈-三乙胺（75∶25∶0.1,v∶v,磷酸调pH 3.0）为流动相;荧光检测波长：激发波长380 nm,发射波长550 nm。结果：人血浆中CPT-11和SN-38线性范围均为3~1000 ng·mL-1,定量下限为3 ng·mL-1;准确度分别是98.5%和100.0%;回收率分别是83.8%和84.3%。结论：本方法可靠、简便、快速,可为伊立替康个体化给药提供参考。     

伊立替康与人参的相互作用研究

目的 考察联用人参对伊立替康大鼠体内药动学的影响,研究伊立替康与人参的相互作用。方法 将SD大鼠随机分成3组：长期组、单剂量组和对照组。长期组人参提取液连续灌胃给药7 d,单剂量组人参提取液灌胃给药1次,对照组给予同体积生理盐水,3组均最后1次给药0.5 h后尾静脉注射伊立替康,于给药后不同时间点取血,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中伊立替康以及活性代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的浓度,并以DAS 3.1软件计算药动学参数,用SPSS 21.0做统计分析。结果 伊立替康长期组主要药动学参数：t_1/2（0.933±0.080）h、AUC_0-t（3.337±0.341）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（0.541±0.013）h、MRT_0-∞（0.572±0.016）h;单剂量组：t_1/2（5.527±1.156）h、AUC_0-t（2.078±0.118）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（0.462±0.023）h、MRT_0-∞（1.405±0.212）h;对照组：t_1/2（0.296±0.011）h、AUC_0-t（2.161±0.146）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（0.360±0.026）h、MRT_0-∞（0.391±0.026）h。7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱长期组主要药动学参数：t_1/2（1.240±0.094）h、AUC_0-t（7.810±0.252）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（2.141±0.031）h、MRT_0-∞（2.250±0.057）h;单剂量组：t_1/2（1.398±0.045）h、AUC_0-t（9.073±0.109）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（2.337±0.081）h、MRT_0-∞（2.408±0.089）h;对照组：t_1/2（0.928±0.050）h、AUC_0-t（8.933±0.434）μg.h.L^–1、MRT_0-t（1.869±0.061）h、MRT_0-∞（1.935±0.066）h。与对照组相比,长期组伊立替康的t_1/2、MRT_0-t、MRT_0-∞显著延长（P<0.05）;7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱则单剂量组的t_1/2显著延长（P<0.05）。结论 人参使用1周后联用伊立替康,大鼠体内伊立替康的血浆半衰期、平均滞留时间明显提高。     

7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱脂质体在大鼠体内的代谢和排泄

目的考察7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(SN-38)脂质体经静脉注射后,在大鼠尿液、粪便中的代谢产物以及以SN-38原形药物排泄的量。方法大鼠尾静脉单次给予2.77 mg/kg SN-38脂质体,分别于0～6、6～12、12～24、24～48 h分段收集尿液、粪便,采用UPLC/Q-TOFMS法对SN-38脂质体在大鼠尿液、粪便中的代谢产物进行鉴定,并且建立HPLC法,用于大鼠尿液及粪便样品中SN-38原形药物的排泄量的测定。结果 SN-38脂质体的在大鼠体内的代谢产物经鉴定为SN-38G。48 h内脂质体组共有1.57%的原形药物经过尿液排出,共有12.94%的SN-38原形药物经过粪便排出。结论 SN-38脂质体只有少部分以原形药物经尿液和粪便排出体外。     

伊立替康及其主要活性代谢物血药浓度和药代动力学测定

目的 测定抗癌药物伊立替康(CPT-11)及其主要活性代谢物SN-38,SN-38G的血药浓度和药代动力学指标.方法 样品先经甲醇-乙腈(50 ∶ 50体积比)沉淀蛋白,并用盐酸酸化使内酯环开环.用高效液相色谱仪定量:以喜树碱作内标;Xterra RP18柱,激发波长370 nm,检测波长为470 nm和534 nm.结果 血浆CPT-11及其活性代谢物、酸性提取物在此条件下的稳定性较好.三种待测物线性范围皆为1～1000 ng/ml,检测限都是1 ng/ml.相对标准差为3.1％～11.7％的血浆.测定回收率为93.2％～109.8％.中位提取回收率为91％.结论 所建立的方法可用于测定CPT-11,SN38和SN38-G在人血浆中的药物浓度,可满足临床进行CPT-11人体药代动力学研究.     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中伊立替康及其活性代谢产物SN-38的含量

目的:建立同时测定大鼠血浆中伊立替康(CPT-11)及其活性代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(SN-38)浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法:以10-羟基喜树碱作为内标,先用7%高氯酸酸化血浆,再用7%高氯酸-乙腈(50∶50)沉淀蛋白。采用Hypersil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离;以0.05 mol·L-1的磷酸氢二钠-甲醇-三乙胺(50∶50∶0.025,磷酸调pH 3.0)为流动相;荧光检测波长:激发波长380 nm,发射波长550 nm。结果:大鼠血浆中CPT-11和SN-38线性范围分别是20～5000 ng·mL-1(r=0.9997)和2～500 ng·mL-1(r=0.9999)。两组分最低检出限分别为15 ng·mL-1和1.7 ng·mL-1。2组分平均相对回收率分别是98.7%和99.9%;平均绝对回收率分别87.2%和94.7%。2组分日内、日间精密度均小于12%。结论:本方法快速、简便、准确,灵敏度高,可用于CPT-11及其活性代谢产物SN-38药代动力学的研究。     

HPLC法测定血浆中伊立替康及其代谢产物SN-38、SN-38G浓度及方法学研究

目的：建立同时测定晚期结直肠癌患者血浆中伊立替康（CPT-11）及其活性代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱（SN-38）和非活性代谢产物的SN-38葡萄糖醛酸化（SN-38G）的浓度测定方法,并进行方法学验证。方法：以Kromacil C₁₈为色谱柱,甲醇-水（含5 mmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₃,pH=3.0）=55∶45为流动相,激发波长λ_ex=385 nm、发射波长λ_em=535 nm。结果：CPT-11在20~5000 ng·mL^-1范围内线性良好,SN-38在2~500 ng·mL^-1范围内线性良好,r值均为0.999。CPT-11和SN-38的提取回收率分别为53.26%~59.86%和66.83%~71.30%。CPT-11低、中、高三种浓度的日间和日内精密度均小于6.32%;SN-38低、中、高三种浓度的日间和日内精密度均小于7.02%。血浆样品反复冻融3次、室温放置8 h、进样器中放置24 h及长期冻融,稳定性均良好,样品浓度均未见显著改变。结论：使用高效液相色谱-荧光定量检测法简便、准确、灵敏,适用于晚期结直肠癌患者血浆中伊立替康及其代谢产物SN-38、SN-38G的血药浓度测定。     

Development of ELISAs for irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38

Two highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the determination of 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (irinotecan) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), an active metabolite of irinotecan, were developed, which are capable of measuring as low as 16 and 160 pg of each drug/ml, respectively. Anti-irinotecan antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with irinotecan conjugated with mercaptosuccinyl bovine serum albumin (MS.BSA) using N-(4-diazophenyl)maleimide (DPM) as a heterobifunctional coupling agent. An enzyme marker was similarly prepared by coupling irinotecan with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) via DPM. This ELISA for irinotecan was specific for irinotecan and showed almost no cross-reactivity with its active metabolite SN-38. Anti-SN-38 antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with SN-38 conjugated with BSA using the N-succinimidyl ester method. An enzyme marker was prepared by coupling SN-38 with HRP employing DPM. The ELISA for SN-38 was specific to SN-38 and showed a very slight cross-reactivity with irinotecan (0.08%). Using the 2 assays, we reconfirmed the rapid metabolite of irinotecan with rat serum. The 2 ELISAs may be a valuable tool for studies of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs.     

SN-38 active loading in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles and assessment of their anticancer properties on COLO-205 human colon adenocarcinoma cells

Abstract

SN-38 is a highly effective drug against many cancers. The development of an optimal delivery system for SN-38 is extremely challenging due to its low solubility and labile lactone ring. Herein, SN-38 encapsulated in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) is introduced to enhance its solubility, stability and cellular uptake. SN-38-loaded NPs prepared by spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (SESD) method had an average diameter of 310?nm, a zeta potential of ?9.69?mV and a loading efficiency of 71%. They were able to protect the active lactone ring of SN-38 against inactivation under physiological condition. A colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (COLO-205) was used to assess the NPs effects on cytotoxicity and cellular uptake. Result showed a significant decreased cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. These results suggest that these SN-38-loaded NPs can be an effective delivery system for the treatment of colon cancer and potentially for other types of cancers.     

The in vitro metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11) by carboxylesterase and beta-glucuronidase in human colorectal tumours

AIMS: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a prodrug that is used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer. It is activated to the topoisomerase poison SN-38 by carboxylesterases. SN-38 is metabolized to its inactive glucuronide, SN-38 glucuronide. The aim of this study was to determine, the reactivation of SN-38 from SN-38 glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase may represent a significant pathway of SN-38 formation. METHODS: The production of SN-38 from irinotecan and SN-38 glucuronide (2.4, 9.6 and 19.2 microm) was measured in homogenates of human colorectal tumour, and matched normal colon mucosa from 21 patients). RESULTS: The rate of conversion of irinotecan (9.6 microm) was lower in tumour tissue than matched normal colon mucosa samples (0.30+/-0.14 pmol min-1 mg-1 protein and 0.77+/-0.59 pmol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively; P<0.005). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in beta-glucuronidase activity between tumour and matched normal colon samples (4.56+/-6.9 pmol min-1 mg-1 protein and 3.62+/-2.95 pmol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively, using 9.6 microm SN-38 glucuronide; P>0.05). beta-Glucuronidase activity in tumour correlated to that observed in matched normal tissue (r2>0.23, P<0.05), whereas this was not the case for carboxylesterase activity. At equal concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 glucuronide, the rate of beta-glucuronidase-mediated SN-38 production was higher than that formed from irinotecan in both tumour and normal tissue (P<0.05). However, at concentrations that reflect the relative plasma concentrations observed in patients, the rate of SN-38 production via these two pathways was comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Tumour beta-glucuronidase may play a significant role in the exposure of tumours to SN-38 in vivo.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the anticancer drug irinotecan (CPT-11) and its active metabolite SN-38 in human plasma

A rapid, sensitive, and specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its active metabolite SN-38 in human plasma is described. The analytes are quantified as the totals of their carboxylate and lactone form. The sample pretreatment consisted of a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile-methanol (1:1, v/v), after which CPT-11 and SN-38 were quantitatively converted to their carboxylate form by adding 0.01 mol/L sodium tetraborate (pH, 9). Chromatography was carried out on a Zorbax SB-C18 column with fluorescence detection. The method has been validated, and stability tests under various clinically relevant conditions have been performed. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5.0 ng/mL for CPT-11 and 0.5 ng/mL for SN-38. Standard concentration ranges were linear between 5 and 1,500 ng/mL for CPT-11 and between 0.5 and 100 ng/mL for SN-38. This assay is simple, rapid, and very useful for therapeutic monitoring of CPT-11 and SN-38.     

In Vitro Binding and Partitioning of Irinotecan (CPT-11) and its Metabolite, SN-38, in Human Blood

The binding of CPT-11 and SN-38 to human plasma proteinswas studied by ultrafiltration at 37°C and pH 7.4. In plasma,CPT-11 was 66–60% bound in the range 100–4000ng/ml and SN-38 was 94–96% bound in the range50–200 ng/ml. At these concentrations the plasma bindingof CPT-11 was slightly saturable, but the plasma binding of SN-38was concentration-independent. Albumin was the main carrier ofCPT-11 and SN-38 in plasma. In blood, the binding of CPT-11 wasmoderate (80%), mainly to plasma proteins (47%) anderythrocytes (33%). The binding of SN-38 was high(99%) and most of SN-38 in blood was located in bloodcells (approximately 66%) The simulation of a grade 3hematotoxicity (according to National Cancer Institute's CommonToxicity Criteria grading) on the SN-38 blood distributionyielded an increase in fu (free fraction of drug in plasma) from1.05 to 2.08 and a decrease in C_Bl/C_P from1.66 to 1.14 (both resulting from a decreased cellbinding).     

沙利度胺对伊立替康及其代谢物SN-38在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的:研究伊立替康合用沙利度胺后伊立替康及其代谢物SN-38在大鼠体内的药动学情况。方法:以健康♂SD大鼠为受试对象,随机分成伊立替康注射液10、20mg·kg-1单用组(对照组)及与沙利度胺(20mg·kg-1)合用组(实验组),给药后0.083、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0、10、12h采集血样并测定伊立替康、SN-38血药浓度,采用DASver2.0软件拟合二者的药动学参数。结果:与对照组比较,伊立替康10mg·kg-1实验组伊立替康AUC0～t、Cmax显著增加(P<0.05),SN-38的AUC0～t降低(P<0.05);20mg·kg-1实验组伊立替康Cmax显著增加(P<0.05),SN-38的Cmax、AUC0～t显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:联用沙利度胺可以增加伊立替康AUC0～t同时减少SN-38的AUC0～t及Cmax。