CT诊断鼻腔付鼻窦恶性肿瘤（附161例分析）

目的：探讨鼻腔付鼻窦恶性肿瘤的形态、密度、窦壁骨质、周围脂肪层、窦腔外软组织肿块在恶性肿瘤中的诊断作用。材料和方法：对经病理证实的22例恶性组和139例良性组的CT表现，逐项对比观察分析，统计学处理。结果：突出于窦腔外的软组织肿块（16／22），窦壁骨质侵蚀性破坏（13／22）、窦腔周围脂肪层的侵犯消失（11／22）有显著意义。而形态不规则的软组织肿块和不均匀的软组织密度在定性诊断中有一定意义。在窦壁骨质改变中正确区别是骨质吸收改建，还是侵蚀破坏是关键，扫描方法：冠状位优于轴位，二者结合更加全面准确。结论：鼻腔付鼻窦的腔外软组织肿块，侵蚀性骨质破坏与窦壁周围脂肪层的侵犯，是诊断鼻腔付鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可靠征象。CT扫描方法以冠状位为主。     

鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨鼻腔副鼻窦CT检查方法和肿瘤的形态、密度、窦壁骨质破坏、周围脂肪层侵犯、窦腔外软组织肿块等征象在鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤中的诊断作用.材料与方法逐项对比观察分析经病理证实的鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤32例和良性肿物139例的CT表现.结果CT冠状位扫描显示15例恶性肿瘤破坏25个窦腔骨壁,20例腔外软组织肿块累及23个相邻部位.轴位扫描发现骨壁受累12例,有20个侧壁骨质显示破坏,15个腔外肿块累及18个相邻结构.恶性组和良性组突出于窦腔外的软组织肿块分别为71.9%和5.0%、窦壁骨质侵蚀性破坏59.4%和14.4%、窦腔周围脂肪层的侵犯消失56.3%和13.7%,而软组织肿块形态不规则和密度不均匀,两组间无显著差异.结论鼻腔副鼻窦腔外软组织肿块、侵蚀性骨质破坏和窦壁周围脂肪层的侵犯消失,是诊断鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可靠征象.冠状扫描观察解剖内容和病变侵犯范围优于轴位扫描.     

副鼻窦原发恶性肿瘤的CT诊断（附29例报告）

副鼻窦的原发恶性肿瘤在临床上并不少见,多数病变起源于上颌窦,筛窦和蝶窦的恶性肿瘤相对少见,常规X线平片和断层仅能显示窦腔的均匀高密度影和较明显的骨壁破坏。CT不仅能显示副鼻窦内的软组织肿块,各窦壁的骨质破坏程度及病变向颞下窝、翼腭窝、     

出血坏死性上颌窦炎的CT诊断（附20例分析）

本文复习２０例出血坏死性上颌窦炎的ＣＴ表现，笔者认为特征性ＣＴ表现为：上颌窦与鼻腔内软组织肿块；窦腔的不均等性膨胀扩大；窦壁骨质吸收或破坏，此外，对出血坏死性上颌窦炎同上颌窦癌的ＣＴ鉴别作了讨论     

骶骨神经源性肿瘤的X线平片及CT分析（附6例报告）

目的：通过分析骶骨神经源性神经肿瘤的Ｘ线和ＣＴ表现，提高其诊断水平，材料与方法，６例骶骨神经源性肿瘤，其中神经鞘瘤４例，恶性肿瘤鞘瘤１例，神经纤维瘤１列，对其平片及ＣＴ表现进行分析，结果：平片表现，骶骨神经源性肿瘤多位于上部骶椎，偏侧性生长，骶孔或骶骨内奢望生扩大破坏或变形及多囊状膨胀溶骨性骨质破坏，边缘骨质硬化，ＣＴ表现，膨胀的溶骨破坏区被软组织肿块充填，骨壁变薄，肿块无钙化，肿瘤破坏骨壁或骶孔     

脊柱结核的CT诊断与鉴别诊断(附52例分析)

目的：旨在提高脊柱结核的ＣＴ诊断与鉴别诊断。方法：对临床怀疑或已诊断脊柱结核的５２例病人进行ＣＴ扫描，并分析了ＣＴ影像表现。结果：５２例脊柱结核均经手术病理证实。４９例显示椎体破坏，４６例椎旁脓肿，２例病变侵及椎管，４１例椎间盘破坏，４例椎体附件破坏。结论：ＣＴ对脊柱结核的诊断与鉴别诊断优于常规Ｘ线，特别是对于估价骨质破坏程度和侵及椎管及椎旁软组织块影的范围更有价值     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨CT检查对霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾分析资料完整的50例霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现。重点观察鼻窦病变的范围、密度以及窦壁的骨质改变。结果：①霉菌性鼻窦炎的病变范围多局限于单侧，以上颌窦多发，②窦腔软组织块影内散在斑点状，星芒状钙化，③霉菌性鼻窦炎受累鼻窦窦口多数明显扩大，邻近正常结构受压移位或消失，④受累鼻窦窦壁骨质增厚硬化，可见骨质吸收或破坏。结论：鼻窦窦腔软组织影内散在不规则钙化是霉菌性上颌窦炎的特征性表现，窦壁骨质增生、硬化在霉菌性鼻窦炎时多见，有骨质吸收破坏时应与上领窦癌等病变鉴别。CT检查的价值在于确定病变的范围及病变的程度，对鉴别诊断有帮助。     

鼻咽癌放疗前后颅底骨质破坏的CT分析

鼻咽癌放疗前后颅底骨质破坏的ＣＴ分析颜海婴，王大有对四川省肿瘤医院自１９９３－０１～１９９４－０５经ＣＴ诊断和病理证实的１２６例鼻咽癌有颅底破坏的３０例作了回顾性分析。３０例颅底破坏的病例中，１４例有放疗前后的ＣＴ检查对比，发现放疗后软组织肿块消散，...     

骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变平片及CT诊断(附120例分析)

目的：比较和评价Ｘ线平片及ＣＴ两种影像学方法在骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变诊断中的作用。方法：回顾性分析我院１９９１－０１～１９９７－０９行Ｘ线平片及ＣＴ扫描检查，并经临床和／或活检、手术病理证实的１２０例骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变。就瘤骨形成、瘤软骨钙化、骨质破坏、骨膜反应、软组织肿块和病变与邻近组织间的关系等方面进行对照观察。结果：ＣＴ显示骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的骨质破坏、软组织肿块和病变与邻近组织间的关系方面比Ｘ线平片较敏感和较明确。结论：虽然ＣＴ扫描对骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的某些征象的显示优于Ｘ线平片，但Ｘ线平片仍是骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变影像学诊断的最基本的和首选的检查方法     

鼻硬结病CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨鼻硬结病的CT和MRI表现，提高其诊断准确性。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经病理证实的鼻硬结病的影像学资料。结果起源于鼻腔7例，鼻窦3例。CT表现：鼻腔硬结病表现为实性软组织影2例，索条影5例，7例均见中下鼻甲破坏，4例鼻中隔破坏；7例均侵及邻近鼻窦，其中上颌窦内壁可见不同程度的骨质破坏，其余各窦壁骨质明显增生硬化，以上颌窦、蝶窦最显著；2例侵犯眼眶，侵犯翼腭窝及颅内各1例。鼻窦硬结病表现为窦腔充以不规则软组织肿块影，相应处窦壁骨质破坏，同时伴周围骨质硬化，3例均侵犯翼腭窝，2例侵犯眼眶及颅内。MRI表现：T1WI呈等信号(与脑实质比较)3例，稍高信号4例；T277I呈等信号2例，明显低信号5例，但信号不均匀；均可见不同程度强化；窦腔外周伴阻塞性炎症，T1WI呈等或稍低信号，T2WI呈明显高信号，有明显强化。结论CT可清楚显示骨质改变，是诊断鼻腔硬结病的主要影像方法；MRI能准确显示病变向邻近结构侵犯的范围，为临床分期、制定治疗方案提供依据。CT和MRI两种影像方法结合能较准确地对鼻窦硬结病作出诊断。     

CT诊断上颌窦疾病的研究

笔者回顾分析了ＣＴ诊断的５３例上颌窦疾病，经手术病理证实。ＣＴ扫描提示上颌窦炎性病变２３例，息肉样病变７例，囊性病变９例，良性肿瘤４例，恶性肿瘤９例，骨纤维异常增殖症１例。与病理诊断对比基本符合，仅１例（２％）为假阳性。在诊断上颌窦疾病方面，ＣＴ可以解决一些传统难题，如提高对窦壁周围组织估计的正确性，可证实肿瘤对翼部、咽部及鼻腔的侵犯，有助于手术方案的制定。由于ＣＴ密度分辨率高，超越了平片及多轨迹体层，得以确定软组织、骨壁及含气腔的隐匿性变化，加上增强扫描可推测病变为血管性或非血管性。对于鉴别囊肿、脓肿、良恶性肿瘤等均起到重要作用。     

肋骨原发性骨肿瘤的影像学诊断(附18例分析)

目的探讨影像学对肋骨原发性骨肿瘤的诊断价值及临床应用的意义。材料与方法本组中18例摄取正侧位平片,8例加摄斜位片,2例加体层摄影,2例行CT检查。结果12例良性病变平片显示与肋骨长轴一致的囊性破坏者10例,4例伴有砂粒状钙化,6例恶性肿瘤均显示边界清楚的溶骨性破坏,CT显示软组织肿块突人胸腔。结论分析本组病例,表明X线平片对肋骨肿瘤多数可判断良恶性,CT在显示肿瘤骨质破坏及软组织肿块与邻近组织的关系方面优于X线平片。     

斜坡脊索瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的：分析斜坡脊索瘤的CT和MRI表现。材料和方法：经病理证实的斜坡脊索瘤16例，7例作CT检查，11例作MRI捡查。结果：CT扫描7例均显示软组织肿块、骨质破坏和钙化，MRI图像上11例显示骨质破坏，10例显示软组织肿块。结论：CT和MRI是诊断斜坡脊索瘤有效的检查方法，斜坡脊索瘤必须与颅底骨软骨肉瘤、斜坡脑膜癌和鼻咽部肿瘤鉴别。     

Benign non-parenchymal renal tumors: radiologic appearances

Two non-parenchymal renal tumors, capsular leiomyoblastoma and schwannoma in renal sinus, are reported with respect to radiographic appearance, reviewing the literature. Computerized tomography (CT) scan and pyelography define the localization of the renal tumor substantiated by angiography identifying the feeding arteries. Precise investigation of neovascularity is necessary to exclude malignant potency. A tumor in the renal sinus without destruction of pelvo-calyceal system should include schwannoma in the differential diagnosis.     

面颊部软组织异常影像分析

目的提高对面颊部软组织异常影像的认识。方法回顾分析47例面颊部软组织异常患者的影像表现。结果(1)原发于面颊部软组织病变15例,良性8例,恶性7例。邻近颌面部病变侵犯面颊软组织6例,良性1例,恶性5例。颌骨病变累及面颊部软组织26例,良性颌骨肿瘤9例,恶性颌骨肿瘤14例,颌骨慢性骨髓炎3例,均有骨质破坏。(2)根据起源部位,21例非颌骨源性面颊软组织异常,5例有骨质破坏(占23.8%)。(3)颌骨源性面颊部软组织异常26例,其中9例良性肿瘤的软组织肿块均主要局限于颌骨内,而14例恶性肿瘤的软组织肿块位于颌骨内、外,两者差别有显著意义(P=0.000)。9例良性肿瘤均呈膨胀性骨破坏,14例恶性肿瘤中,12例为溶骨性骨质破坏,2例为成骨性骨质破坏,两者差别有显著意义(P=0.000)。结论CT和MRI对判断面颊部软组织异常病变的起源部位、范围、鉴别其良恶性具有重要意义。     

鼻腔及鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的影像学表现

目的 分析鼻腔和鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现,提高诊断及鉴别水平.资料与方法 经病理证实的鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤8例,均行CT平扫,其中4例行增强扫描;MRI检查2例,同时行平扫和增强扫描.结果 良性4例,恶性4例.肿瘤原发于鼻腔4例,上颌窦3例,筛窦1例,无一例发生颈淋巴结转移.肿块在CT上多呈较均匀中等密度,3例密度不均;MRI T1WI呈中等信号,T2WI示中等或不均匀稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤呈轻至中度强化或边缘强化.结论 鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现无显著特异性,均能很好地显示肿瘤侵犯范围及骨质破坏情况.     

MR imaging of primary bone and soft tissue tumors

MR imaging of 131 cases with pathologically confirmed primary bone and soft tissue tumors were studied. They included 44 bone tumors (25 benign tumors, 19 malignant tumors) and 87 soft tissue tumors (55 benign tumors, 32 malignant tumors). MR imaging was performed on 0.5T, superconductive magnet system. All tumors were evaluated with T1-weighted, T2-weighted and STIR images. In some cases, contrast enhanced MR imaging with Gd-DTPA was applied. MR imaging was proving to be a valuable technique in the evaluation of patients with primary bone and soft tissue tumors. MR imaging was superior to the other modalities in delineating the extent of the tumor and their relation to surrounding structures in all cases. However, plain radiography and CT were more useful for evaluation of calcification, ossification, cortical destruction and endosteal/periosteal reaction than MR imaging. Direct sagittal and coronal images from MR imaging added accurate assessment for the relation between the tumor and their adjacent structures. MR imaging was of limited value in distinguishing benign from malignant tumors with the demonstration of tumor structures only, especially soft tissue tumors. But in bone and soft tissue tumors which have specific morphologic features and intensity patterns, MR imaging was very useful for diagnosis.     

长骨骨干骨肉瘤X线、CT及MRI表现

目的 分析长骨骨干骨肉瘤X线、CT和MRI表现,探讨有关的临床特点和鉴别诊断.方法 28例长骨骨干骨肉瘤患者,均经手术与病理证实,其中病变位于股骨干18例、腓骨干4例、肱骨干4例、胫骨干2例.所有患者均行X线、CT和MR检查,对其影像学表现与手术病理结果进行对照,并由双盲法分析确认.结果 28例中,X线和CT显示广泛骨质破坏16例,骨膜反应22例.X线显示软组织肿块18例,肿瘤骨和瘤样钙化12例.CT平扫显示软组织肿块22例,增强扫描显示软组织肿块24例,肿瘤骨和瘤样钙化16例.MRI显示骨质破坏和骨膜反应10例,软组织肿块26例,其周围可见软组织水肿及骨髓水肿.骨膜反应在SE T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI呈等信号.软组织肿块在T1WI为等信号,T2WI及STIR呈等高信号.软组织水肿及骨髓水肿在T2WI及STIR呈高信号.MRI增强检查显示病灶均呈不均匀强化,骨髓水肿和软组织肿块均见强化.结论 X线、CT和MRI从不同方面反映长骨骨干骨肉瘤的影像病理特点,其发病率低,骨破坏范围大,无病理性骨折.成骨型骨干骨肉瘤较易诊断,溶骨型应与Ewing瘤、恶性巨细胞瘤等鉴别.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the findings of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone on X-ray,CT and MRI, and discuss their clinical features and manifestations for differential diagnosis. Methods Twenty-eight cases with diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone proved by surgery and pathology were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen tumors were located in the femur, 4 in fibula, 4 in humerus and 2 in tibia. All of the patients were examined by X-ray, CT and MRI. The imaging manifestations on X-ray, CT and MRI were analyzed, and the relationship of the imaging features with the pathological types was also observed. The imaging signs were correlated with the pathologic findings with a double blind method. Results Of the 28 cases, there were 16 cases with large bone destruction, 22 cases with periosteal reaction on X-ray and CT. On X-ray, 18 cases showed soft tissue mass and 12 cases with neoplastic bone and tumor calcification.While on CT, 22 cases showed soft tissue mass on plain scan and 2 more cases displayed soft tissue mass after the injection of contrast mediun. Sixteen cases showed neoplastic bone and tumor calcification on CT.On MRI, there were 10 cases with bone destruction and periosteal reaction with iso- and hypo-intense on T1WI and iso- signals on T2WI. Twenty-six cases showed soft tissue edema and bone marrow on MRI. The soft mass were iso-signals on T1 WI and iso-hyperintense signals on T2 WI or STIR. The soft tissue edema was found hyperintense signals on T2WI or STIR. The lesions had heterogeneous enhancement especially in bone marrow with edema and adjcent soft tissue. Conclusion The X-ray, CT and MRI can reflect the pathological changes of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone from different aspects. Lower incidence, large bone destruction and no pathological fracture were the features of diaphysial osteosarcoma. The osteogenic type is diagnosed easily, but the osteolytic lesion should be differentiated from Ewing sarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor of bone and so on.     

鼻腔Stewart型恶性肉芽肿的CT诊断(附4例分析及文献复习)

目的探讨CT在鼻腔Stewart型恶性肉芽肿的诊断和鉴别诊断上的价值。方法对4例经手术或活检病理证实的Stewart型鼻腔恶性肉芽肿患者临床资料及CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果本病的早期CT表现主要表现为鼻中隔及下鼻甲的黏膜肥厚和鼻前庭的软组织肿块影,晚期以鼻为中心的面部骨质与软骨的破坏。结论CT扫描是诊断本病的有效方法。