完全性房室间隔缺损合并法乐四联症的手术矫正

目的　报告完全性房室间隔缺损合并法乐四联症的外科治疗。　方法　 6例患者 ,年龄 3～ 9岁 ,均施行手术根治 ,经右房 右室切口修补VSD ,房室间隔缺损采用两块补片技术修复 ,左房室瓣裂隙的修复均采用间断缝合 ,右室流出道均用带单瓣的补片跨瓣加宽。　结果　全组 6例术后出现低心排综合征、多器官衰竭、灌注肺并发症各 1例 ,早期死亡 1例为多器官衰竭者 ,5例长期存活。术后随访 6个月～ 5 5年 ,1例有轻度左房室瓣关闭不全。心功能Ⅰ级 4例 ,Ⅱ级 1例。　结论　完全性房室间隔缺损合并法乐四联症可应用 2块补片法行手术根治 ,左房室瓣瓣裂的常规修补可降低其关闭不全的发生率 ,大部分患者术后心功能可获得良好的改善。     

5kg以下低体重婴儿室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的报道低体重婴儿室间隔缺损(VSD)伴肺动脉高压的外科手术修补结果和体会.方法1994年3月至1999年12月,对50例2～11月龄,体重3.2～5.0?kg的VSD病婴采用中度低温体外循环行补片修补术.全组术前均伴中度以上肺动脉高压(Pp/Ps平均为0.68±0.09).结果住院死亡2例,住院死亡率为4%,死亡原因分别为心包压塞和脑昏迷.术后主要并发症为肺部感染、肺动脉高压危象和心律失常.结论对5?kg以下低体重婴儿的较大VSD采用外科手术修补可以取得满意效果.     

干下漏斗部室间隔缺损的外科治疗

４６例干下漏斗部室间隔缺损，占同期室缺手术治疗的２３．２％（４６／１９８）。缺损位于肺动脉瓣下３４例，漏斗部１２例。用带垫片褥式缝合修补２１例，补片修补２５例。全组无死亡。术后直接缝合组有主动脉关闭不全２例、残余分流２例，残留杂音３例。笔者认为，适时手术，选择适当的进路、应用补片修补、正确判断和处理主动脉瓣病变及对合并肺动脉狭窄者予以流出道补片加宽，是提高本病手术疗效的关键。     

体重6kg以下婴儿室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的探讨低体重婴儿室间隔缺损(V SD)的外科治疗适应证、手术技术及围术期处理。方法148例体重6kg以下(体重3.5~6.0kg,平均5.3 kg)V SD患者中,V SD位于膜周部105例,动脉瓣下25例,肌部流出道9例,肌部流入道8例,肌小梁部1例。其中合并房间隔缺损(A SD)或者卵圆孔未闭39例,动脉导管未闭(PDA)17例,二尖瓣关闭不全(M I)9例,中度以上肺动脉高压(PH)52例。148例患者均在中度低温、中低流量体外循环下行V SD修补术和合并畸形矫治,V SD补片修补85例,直接缝合63例;其中施行小切口心脏不停跳手术23例。结果手术死亡6例,手术死亡率为4.1%(6/148),其中2例合并重度肺动脉高压,1例术前严重营养不良术后全身衰竭死亡,2例术中发现合并主动脉弓中断,1例合并二尖瓣反流行二尖瓣成形效果不佳。2例V SD残余分流(1~2mm);2例Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞应用临时心表起搏器起搏,均在术后5 d内恢复窦性心律。术后住院时间6~15d(平均8d)。随访142例,随访时间4个月~6年,2例残余分流(2mm),1年后杂音消失,心脏超声心动图示V SD已愈合,无分流;心功能Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,生长发育良好。结论随着外科技术提高及设备的更新,低体重婴儿V SD的手术治疗安全、效果良好;对合并复杂畸形的婴儿患者手术疗效仍有待进一步提高。     

交叉连锁褥式缝合法修补合并中重度肺动脉高压的巨型室间隔缺损

目的比较交叉连锁褥式缝合法与间断褥式缝合法修补巨型室间隔缺损术后的效果及残余漏发生率。方法回顾性分析2011年2月至2013年4月我院41例巨型室间隔缺损采用交叉连锁褥式缝合法修补术患者的资料。将这41例患者作为交连组,平均年龄(18.7±12.3)岁,男女比例为31:10。按交连组患者相同年龄、室间隔缺损大小及部位、肺动脉压及肺循环阻力共5项指标进行1比1匹配,选择安贞医院心外科同期以间断褥式缝合法修补的巨型室间隔缺损患者41例作为对照组,平均年龄(17.4±11.8)岁,男女比例为31:10,进行回顾性配对对照分析。结果全组无手术死亡,无围术期新发房室传导阻滞发生。围术期经超声检查发现对照组残余漏发生率为31.7%(13/41),交连组为0%(0/41),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.164,P=0.000)。两组患者平均随访(18.2±6.1)个月,随访期内均无死亡,无新房室传导阻滞发生。术后1年两组在纽约心脏病学会心功能分级、经超声心动图检测肺动脉压的差异均无统计学意义。术后12个月复查超声心动图,对照组残余漏发生率为26.8%(11/41),交连组为0%(0/41),两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.499,P=0.001)。结论间断褥式缝合法修补合并中、重度肺动脉高压的巨型室间隔缺损术后的残余漏发生率较高,而采用交叉连锁褥式缝合法可有效减少残余漏的发生率。     

10 kg以下婴幼儿法洛四联征的手术治疗

2001年6月至2005年6月,我科手术治疗10kg以下婴幼儿法洛四联征(TOF)29例,现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:本组29例中,男19例,女10例;年龄4~15个月,平均8.61个月;体重4.5~10kg,平均7.24kg。所有患儿均经心电图、胸片、心脏彩超确诊。其中合并房间隔缺损7例,合并动脉导管未闭4例,合并永存左上腔2例。2.手术方法:均在全麻、中低温体外循环下完成手术根治,全部经右室流出道(RVOT)纵切口,VSD修补。均采用涤纶补片,扩大RVOT及肺动脉均采用自体心包片,术中发现单纯漏斗部狭窄6例,漏斗部伴肺动脉瓣狭窄10例,漏斗部、肺动脉瓣、肺动脉总干及分…     

小婴儿巨大室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的 报告３９例出生６个月以内小婴儿巨大型空间隔缺损的外科治疗经验。方法 体外循环下除４例经肺动脉切口外其余均经右房切口,行补片缝合修补空间隔缺损。其中合并动脉导管未闭５例、房间隔水平分流１２例和右室流出道狭窄２例均同期矫治。结果 ３９例病儿均痊愈出院。结论 巨大型空间隔缺损的小婴儿出现顽固性心力衰竭、药物治疗无明显效果或生长发育停滞及肺动脉高压时即应手术。尽可能完善的围术期处理是降低病死率的重要     

左胸微创切口在儿童干下型室间隔缺损直视修补术中的应用

目的总结左胸微创切口在儿童干下型室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)直视修补术中的应用方法,并评价临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月至2019年4月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科21例干下型VSD儿童的临床资料,其中男13例、女8例,年龄5~13(9.1±2.2)岁,体重22~55(35.6±9.5)kg。VSD最大直径4~15(9.1±3.3)mm,术前合并主动脉瓣右冠瓣轻度脱垂8例,主动脉瓣轻到轻中度关闭不全4例。取左侧第2或第3肋间胸骨旁横切口进胸,股动、静脉插管建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉后,在肺动脉瓣上横行切开肺动脉,根据VSD大小、形态直接缝合或补片修补干下型VSD。出院前及随访常规复查经胸超声心动图评价VSD修补效果及主动脉瓣开闭情况。结果全组患儿均顺利经左胸微创切口完成VSD直视修补术,无转为正中开胸手术者。VSD修补方法:补片修补(n=15),直接缝合(n=6)。体外循环时间45~68(57.1±6.3)min,主动脉阻断时间23~40(32.6±4.7)min,术后呼吸机辅助时间5~9(6.3±1.3)h,术后24 h胸腔引流量33~105(57.5±17.7)mL,术后住院时间5~8(5.7±1.0)d。出院前及随访复查经胸超声心动图提示VSD闭合良好,无VSD残余漏;主动脉瓣轻度关闭不全1例。围术期及随访无死亡病例,无房室传导阻滞、切口愈合不良、胸廓畸形等并发症发生。结论左胸微创切口可安全、有效地应用于儿童干下型VSD直视修补术中,早、中期治疗效果满意。     

室间隔缺损修补术后残余漏16例

先天性室间隔缺损 (ＶＳＤ)修补后常发生残余漏。 1 982年1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月我们共为 1 6例ＶＳＤ修补术后发生残余漏者再次手术 ,现就ＶＳＤ残余漏的预防和处理讨论如下。临床资料　 1 6例中男 1 1例 ,女 5例。年龄 3～ 2 5岁。均为先天性膜周部ＶＳＤ ,其中 5例合并重度肺动脉高压。首次手术修补缺损经右室径路 9例 ,右房径路 5例 ,右房加右室 1例 ,升主动脉根部横切口 1例。直接缝合修补 4例 (缺损直径 <1 0ｃｍ) ;补片修补者 1 2例 (缺损直径 >1 0ｃｍ) ,其中后下缘间断而肌肉缘连续缝合者 9例 ,全部间断缝合者 3例。1例停体外循环…     

法洛四联症合并完全性房室间隔缺损的手术治疗

目的 总结并探讨法洛四联症合并完全性房室间隔缺损(TOF-CAVC)的外科治疗方式及时机.方法 2007年6月至2012年4月,11例TOF-CAVC患儿行双心室或部分双心室修补,男6例,女5例;年龄5 ～32个月.手术经右心房或右心室流出道纵切口,采用“双片法”修补房室通道,其中8例通过单一的右心房切口修补室间隔缺损.所有患儿均行右心室流出道-肺动脉扩大补片修补手术,其中7例由于肺动脉瓣发育欠佳需跨瓣修补,1例用带单瓣的心包补片扩大右室流出道,3例未跨瓣修补.结果 手术死亡1例,术后第2天死于严重低心排出量综合征.1例术后6个月死于肺炎、心力衰竭.生存9例术后均有效随访,随访3～60个月.根据Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,5年生存率为79.5％.术后3个月,2例患儿分别出现右心室流出道及肺动脉分支梗阻,2例残余房间隔缺损0.2 ～0.3 cm,1例心室水平残余细丝分流,患儿均无明显临床症状.随访期间所有生存患儿心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.结论 法洛四联症合并完全性房室间隔缺损近期疗效肯定,采用双片法通过单一的右心房切口修补房室通道时,术中的精细操作是手术成功与否的关键.     

Repair of ventricular septal defect after pulmonary artery banding.

Since 1964, 90 patients have undergone two-stage surgical repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) with pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in early infancy and total repair at an average age of 4 years. Reconstruction of the pulmonary artery was accomplished with a pericardial patch, woven Dacron patch, or transverse angioplasty. The VSD was closed with a knitted Dacron patch in 75 patients and by primary suture technique in 13 patients. The VSD closed spontaneously in 2 patients. The mortality rate for patients who had repair and debanding was 9 per cent (8 patients), including 4 deaths due to severe pulmonary hypertensive disease, 3 from congestive heart failure, and one from atrioventricular block. Twenty patients underwent repeat cardiac catheterization several months to 7 years after total repair. This study revealed no shunt in 16 patients and a minimal shunt not requiring operation in the other 4 children. Slight residual stenosis of the pulmonary artery was found in 2 patients and a residual infundibular stenosis in another 2 patients. We believe two-stage surgical treatment of VSD in severely ill infants under one year of age is safe and reliable.     

Repair of corrected transposition associated with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis

Five patients with the diagnosis of classically corrected transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and pulmonary outflow tract obstruction underwent surgical repair. A variant of a previously described technique was used to avoid injury to conduction tissue. Through an incision into the anatomical left ventricle, the VSD patch was sutured inferiorly to the right and away from the edges of the defect and superiorly to the epicardial border of the ventriculotomy. The pulmonary artery was opened, and its proximal end was closed with a suture. A pouch containing the conduction tissue was therefore obtained. Pulmonary ventriculoarterial continuity was reestablished using a valved or nonvalved Dacron or pericardial conduit. The postoperative course of the patients was uneventful. No changes were demonstrated on comparison with preoperative cardiac rhythm. Good hemodynamic performance was noted in 2 patients in whom postoperative catheterization was performed.     

A modified infarct exclusion technique for a post-infarction ventricular septal defect.

BACKGROUND: Operative mortality for a post-infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) remains high. The infarct exclusion technique has been producing a favorable outcome for repairing this serious defect. However, there is the technical weakness, namely running suture along the base of the necrotic septum. We sutured a pericardial patch using multiple interrupted mattress sutures in such a manner as to exclude the infarct and VSD. METHODS: Over the past seven years, nine consecutive patients with a post-infarction VSD underwent an early repair in the same manner. The VSD was anterior in eight patients and posterior in one. We sutured a xenopericardial patch to the healthy myocardium around the infarct using interrupted mattress sutures instead of running sutures as the infarct exclusion technique. In addition, on the postero-inferior margin of the patch, one or two mattress sutures passing through the full thickness of the anterior papillary muscle were used. RESULTS: Only one patient died of pneumonia 50 days after surgery. The other eight patients were followed up and were functionally classified as NYHA class I or II. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that our modified infarct exclusion technique using multiple mattress sutures is an effective alternative surgical technique.     

Experience with autologous pericardial patch closure of ventricular septal defect

Background Conventionally, Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) are repaired with synthetic patch—Dacron (polyethylene terephthalate) or Goretex (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene). Recently, we began using glutaraldehyde—treated autologous pericardial patch to repair VSDs. We review our experience. Material and Method Between July to November 2005, 60 children had their VSDs repaired with glutaraldehyde—treated autologous pericardium. There were 40 males and 20 females, aged between 5 months and 12 years with a median age of 1 year. The diagnosis was isolated VSD in 37 patients, multiple VSD in 3; Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in 15 and Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) in 5 patients. The chest was opened by a median sternotomy incision. After establishing cardiopulmonary bypass, a strip of pericardium was harvested from the patient and fixed in 0.6% glutaraldehyde (Polyscientific, Bayshore, NY) for about 20 minutes. It was then washed out with 0.9% saline solution. The defect was repaired with 4/0 or 5/0 prolene suture using a continuous suture technique. Results There was no hospital mortality. Postoperative echocardiogram revealed trivial shunts in 10 patients. Follow up was for 3 to 6 months (mean 2 months). No patient required reoperation for residual VSD. Conclusion Glutaraldehyde—treated autologous pericardium is an excellent material for surgical patch clousre of VSD. It is easily available and does not require sterilization. Further follow-up is required to assess its long term efficacy.     

10kg以下婴幼儿室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的：总结１０ｋｇ以下婴幼儿室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）的外科治疗经验。方法：连续手术治疗８７例体重３～１０ｋｇ,平均（７５±１７）ｋｇ的ＶＳＤ病儿。其中男５４例,女３３例;月龄２～３３个月,平均（１２７±８４）个月;婴儿５０例,幼儿３７例。心胸比率０４９～０７３,平均０６０±００５,其中＞０６者５２例;左、右心室增大者５５例,有肺动脉高压者４６例。均在低温体外循环下行ＶＳＤ修补术。５４例合并其它畸形,予以同期矫治。直接缝合ＶＳＤ６２例,补片修补２５例,除４例用涤纶片或毡片外均用新鲜自体心包片修补。结果：全组术后３０日内死亡３例（３４％）,并发症发生率１２６％。随访８４例除２例有少量残余分流外,无其它并发症及死亡。结论：对体重小于１０ｋｇ的ＶＳＤ病儿也能安全进行手术。     

A case report of ross operation and ventricular septal defect closure following correction of type A interruption by modified Blalock-Park, pulmonary artery banding and patent ductus arteriosus division

A 2-year-old boy who had undergone a correction of a type A interruption using a modified Blalock-Park operation, pulmonary artery banding and the division of a patent ductus arteriosus, underwent a Ross operation and closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Although a pre-operative echo cardiogram revealed a bicuspid aortic valve, and a Doppler echocardiogram showed only 10 mmHg of pressure gradient across the aortic valve, Ross procedure was performed as a procedure accompanying the closure of a total conus VSD. The total conus VSD was closed with a Dacron patch using pledget mattress sutures. In addition, a running suture was applied over the denuded aortic root and the cranial margin to achieve water tight closure. An aortic root replacement procedure was our first choice for the Ross operation. After both coronary buttons were re-implanted into pulmonary sinuses, a pulmonary artery autograft was wrapped around by the remaining aortic wall for reinforcement to prevent future dilatation. The main pulmonary artery was reconstructed using a bicuspid pericardial valve conduit with a diameter of 24 mm. A post-operative echocardiogram showed no neoaortic valve regurgitation, good coaptation of tri-leaflets, mild regurgitation of pericardial valve and good cardiac performance.     

8kg以下婴儿室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压手术治疗

为提高小婴儿室缺伴肺动脉高压的手术疗效，总结１６例８ｋｇ以下室间隔缺损（室缺）伴肺动脉高压婴儿行急诊手术修补室缺的经验。其中１４例在深低温停循环下进行，手术效果满意；术后死亡１例（６％）。作者认为，婴儿巨型室缺应尽早手术治疗为宜，深低温停循环方法尤为适合；术后强调持续保持病婴镇静及呼吸道通畅，防止肺高压危象的发生。     

Accessory tricuspid valve--a report of two cases]

Accessory tricuspid valve is a rare cardiac anomaly. We describe two cases with accessory tricuspid valve. Case 1: A 7-year-old boy underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Under deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, right ventricle was opened. An accessory tricuspid leaflet was noted to the right side of the VSD attaching to the infundibular septum from medial papillary muscle as a chordal origin. After excision of the accessory tricuspid leaflet, the VSD was closed with a Dacron patch followed by relieve of the right ventricular outflow obstruction and pulmonary valvotomy. Case 2: A 8-year-old boy had Rastelli operation to correct transposition of the great arteries. An accessory leaflet originated from the medial papillary muscle and was floating like a parachute in the way between VSD and aorta. There was no additional apparatus in the pathway between the VSD and aorta after excision of the accessory tricuspid leaflet. Intraventricular tunnel was created with a Dacron patch. Extracardiac conduit between the right ventricle and the distal pulmonary artery was constructed using a valved pericardial roll.     

Repair of aortic coarctation in the first year of life

Twenty-five infants under 1 year of age (mean, 10.3 weeks and 4.0 kg) underwent coarctation repair. Eight had ventricular septal defect (VSD), 3 had transposition of the great arteries with VSD, and 5 had severe tubular hypoplasia. One infant required mitral valve replacement, and 1 required repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Fifteen had repair by primary anastomosis. Seven underwent Dacron or subclavian aortoplasty; the advantages and technique of angioplasty are reviewed. Three patients required bypass grafts. Seventeen patients survived operation. All 5 patients who had severe tubular hypoplasia died postoperatively. The mortality for repair of coarctation with VSD by simultaneous pulmonary artery banding was high; for coarctation with VSD we currently recommend repair without banding, followed by VSD closure if indicated. Three infants have been treated successfully in this manner, with early VSD closure in 1 and regression of the VSD during follow-up in 2. The 17 survivors have been followed for a mean of 41 months with 3 late deaths. Of the 17 survivors, all of whom had a primary anastomosis, 3 have residual gradients. Of the 11 survivors who had preoperative hypertension, 6 are still hypertensive; 3 of these have a gradient between the upper and lower extremities. It is striking that 3 have persistent hypertension despite repair under the age of 1 year.