替米沙坦对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏内氧化立激及NIH3T3细胞中促成熟因子活性的影响

目的探讨替米沙坦对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激和NIH3T3细胞中促成熟因子（MPF）活性的影响。方法将动物分为正常对照组、糖尿病组及替米沙坦治疗组，检测各组给药4，5，11，17周后的血糖、血胰岛素、血脂（TG，TC），11，17周的血肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿微白蛋白排泄率（UAE）、肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、铜，锌-超氧化物歧化酶（Cu，Zn—SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH—Px）及MPF活性。结果与糖尿病组相比，替米沙坦治疗组血糖、血胰岛素及血脂无明显变化，而Scr，BUN，UAE、肾脏MDA含量、肾细胞膜MPF均明显下降，肾脏抗氧化酶活性（Cu，Zn—SOD，CAT，GSH—Px）则明显上升。肾脏内MDA含量的变化及抗氧化酶活性的变化与细胞膜、细胞浆MPF活性的变化相关。结论替米沙坦可以抑制2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏内的氧化应激，并且可能与其下调NIH3T3细胞中MPF活性有关。     

吡格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的影响

目的:研究吡格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾组织氧化应激的影响。方法:采用链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病模型,随机分为正常对照组、正常对照治疗组、糖尿病组、糖尿病治疗组,两治疗组给予吡格列酮10 mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃,1次/d,每组10只。后两组大鼠糖尿病模型构建成功后的第10周末测定血糖、肾重/体重2、4 h尿蛋白定量,并检测肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,及肾组织铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性。结果:糖尿病治疗组与糖尿病组比较,血糖无显著差异(P>0.05),但肾重/体重和24 h尿蛋白定量明显降低(P<0.01);与正常对照组相比,糖尿病组肾组织MDA含量、CAT活性明显增加(P<0.01),T-AOC、GSH含量和Cu,Zn-SOD、GSH-Px、GR活性明显降低(P<0.01);与糖尿病组比较,糖尿病治疗组肾组织MDA含量和CAT活性明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),T-AOC、GSH含量和Cu,Zn-SOD、GSH-Px、GR活性明显增加(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病大鼠肾脏存在明显氧化应激反应,吡格列酮具有不依赖其降糖效果的抗氧化活性,进而起到保护肾脏和延缓糖尿病肾病发生、发展的作用。     

甘糖酯抗氧化作用的分子机制

目的探讨甘糖酯(PGMS)清除自由基抗氧化作用的分子机制。方法给大鼠ig高脂乳剂建立高脂血症模型,分成对照组、甘糖酯治疗组、甘糖酯+DDC组,治疗3周。检测血清、肝脏、脾脏和主动脉中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,以及Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA的表达水平。结果甘糖酯治疗组大鼠,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,SOD,GSH-Px和CAT的活性显著升高,Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA的表达水平增加;而甘糖酯和DDC联合用药治疗组,DDC抑制了甘糖酯诱导的Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA表达水平和SOD活性的升高,造成MDA含量的相应升高。结论甘糖酯通过诱导抗氧化酶SOD,GSH-Px和CAT的活性,增加Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA的表达水平,清除体内过多的氧自由基,达到抗氧化的目的。     

转hCu,Zn-SOD突变基因聚球藻抗氧化作用的研究

目的研究转人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(hCu,Zn-SOD)突变基因聚球藻口服后的生物活性。方法给小鼠灌服转hCu,Zn-SOD突变基因聚球藻20d,然后测定小鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果转hCu,Zn-SOD突变基因聚球藻可明显提高小鼠血清GSH-Px活力和全血血红蛋白CAT活性,显著提高小鼠血清和肝脏中Cu,Zn-SOD和总SOD(T-SOD)的活力,显著降低小鼠血清和肝脏的MDA含量。结论转hCu,Zn-SOD突变基因聚球藻有较强的抗氧化作用。     

积雪草酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏足细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨积雪草酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激及足细胞nephrin蛋白和结蛋白表达的影响。方法腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(65 mg·kg-1)诱导大鼠糖尿病模型,造模成功大鼠24只随机分为四组,并以6只正常SD大鼠作为正常对照组。积雪草酸低、中、高剂量组予积雪草酸10、20、40 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,正常对照组与糖尿病模型组予等量蒸馏水灌胃,连续8周。干预结束后测定各组血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER),肾皮质丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力;光镜、电镜下观察各组肾脏病理形态学改变;免疫组化法检测各组肾脏足细胞nephrin蛋白和结蛋白表达变化。结果与正常对照组比较,糖尿病模型组BUN、Scr、UAER、肾脏MDA和结蛋白表达均明显升高,肾脏SOD、nephrin蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01);光镜示肾小球体积增大、系膜细胞数量增多,电镜示足突不同程度增宽、肾小球基底膜增厚、系膜基质增多。与糖尿病模型组比较,积雪草酸各剂量组BUN、Scr、UAER、肾脏MDA和结蛋白表达均下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),随着积雪草酸剂量增加呈下降趋势;肾脏SOD、nephrin蛋白表达均上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),随着积雪草酸剂量增加呈上升趋势且肾脏光镜、电镜下病理形态学异常逐渐改善。结论积雪草酸可能通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激,上调足细胞nephrin蛋白表达、下调结蛋白表达,发挥对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。     

杨桃根总提取物对糖尿病小鼠肾功能及其抗氧化应激作用的研究

目的探讨杨桃根总提取物(EACR)对糖尿病小鼠肾损伤及其抗氧化应激的作用。方法小鼠尾静脉注射120mg·g~(-1)链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型小鼠,随机分为5组:模型对照组、缬沙坦组(20 mg·kg~(-1))、EACR低、中、高剂量组(300、600、1 200 mg·kg~(-1)),再设正常对照组,每组10只小鼠。分别于药前、药后测各组小鼠空腹血糖(FBG)。末次给药后,收集血清和尿液,检测小鼠血清中肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量以及24 h尿量及尿蛋白水平;试剂盒检测小鼠肾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;HE染色观察肾脏组织的病理学变化;ELISA法检测肾组织中氧化氢酶(CAT)、活性氧簇(ROS)的含量;蛋白免疫印迹法检测肾组织中Cyto-C、AIF、caspase-3的蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,缬沙坦组以及EACR中、高剂量组的血清生化指标和24h尿蛋白水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病小鼠给药后,EACR能明显降低MDA含量,提高SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性;下调ROS、Cyto-C、AIF、caspase-3的表达(P<0.05)。HE结果显示EACR还能改善糖尿病小鼠肾小球病理变化。结论杨桃根总提取物可减轻糖尿病小鼠血清中Cr和BUN的水平,降低肾脏组织中MDA、ROS含量,以及提高组织中抗氧化因子SOD、GSH-Px活性及CAT的含量,下调肾组织中Cyto-C、AIF、caspase-3的蛋白表达,缓解氧化应激对肾组织所造成的损伤,从而起到改善糖尿病小鼠肾损伤的作用。     

瑞舒伐他汀联合替米沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的观察瑞舒伐他汀联合替米沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法将50例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各25例,治疗组给予瑞舒伐他汀和替米沙坦,对照组仅给予瑞舒伐他汀,连续治疗3个月后检测治疗前后UAE、SCr、BUN、CysC,统计DN分期情况。结果两组患者治疗后UAE、SCr、BUN、CysC均有明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀联合替米沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病疗效确切,优于单纯应用替米沙坦。     

线粒体基因突变型糖尿病患者氧化应激状态的临床研究

目的:观察线粒体基因突变型糖尿病(mitochodrial diabetes mellitus,mtDM)患者体内氧化应激状态,探讨线粒体基因突变与氧化应激的关系。方法:应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法(PCR-RFLP)筛查2型糖尿病患者(T2DM组)和健康对照组(C组)mtDNA tRNALE(UUUR)3243A→G(A3243G)和mtDNAND412026A→G(A12026G)突变位点发生情况,用酶反应化学比色法测定线粒体基因突变型糖尿病组(mtDM组)、T2DM组及健康对照组外周血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗活性氧活力(Anti-ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)等氧化应激指标。结果:(1)与C组相比,mtDM组和T2DM组Anti-ROS、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及SOD/MDA均下降(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)mtDM组与T2DM组相比,CAT活性下降(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)A3243G突变组和A12026G突变组之间SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、Anti-ROS活性和MDA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:线粒体基因突变型糖尿病较无突变2型糖尿病患者及健康对照组氧化应激损伤更严重,可能与线粒体基因突变有关。     

阿托伐他汀联合替米沙坦治疗2型糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀联合替米沙坦治疗2型糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法将收治的80例2型糖尿病肾病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例,两组患者均严格执行糖尿病饮食及常规降糖药物和(或)降压药物治疗,对照组予替米沙坦80mg/d,口服,观察组同时联合阿托伐他汀20mg/d,口服,疗程4个月。比较两组患者治疗前后TG、TC、BUN、UAER、Scr值。结果观察组患者治疗后TG、TC、BUN、UAER、Scr水平较对照组降低更明显,差异具有显著性(P0.05或P0.01)。结论阿托伐他汀联合替米沙坦治疗2型糖尿病肾病能够显著改善血脂水平及肾功能,且不良反应发生率低,值得临床广泛推广和应用。     

银杏叶注射液联合替米沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床观察

目的:观察银杏叶注射液联合替米沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的临床疗效。方法:将72例早期DN患者分为两组,对照组36例,予替米沙坦40 mg,2次/d,疗程1个月。治疗组36例,在对照组治疗的基础上给予银杏叶注射液30 ml加入氯化钠注射液250 ml静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程1个月。观察治疗前后血压、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hab1c)、尿素氮(BUN),血肌酐(Scr)、胆固醇(TG)、甘油三酯(TG)、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿白蛋白排泄率(UREA)等指标。结果:治疗组血压、血脂、24 h尿蛋白定量、UREA、Scr、BUN均显著下降,且优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:银杏叶注射液联合替米沙坦治疗早期DN,可明显改善DN患者肾功能。     

互隔交链孢霉素对NIH/3T3细胞毒性的作用

目的 研究互隔交链孢霉素(altenuene,ALT)对NIH/3T3细胞的毒性作用,为互隔交链孢霉的致癌机制提供理论依据.方法 以互隔交链孢酚(alternariol,AOH)为阳性对照,采用形态学观察,噻唑蓝法,生长曲线,流式细胞术(FCM)等方法检测不同浓度的ALT对NIH/3T3细胞生长的影响及细胞周期的改变.结果 ALT对NIH/3T3细胞的半数抑制率为76.4、50和100 μmol/L的ALT染毒24 h可使NIH/3T3细胞生长曲线明显下降,并有明显的形态学改变;以10.0、20.0和50.0 μmol/L的ALT染毒24 h后,与对照组比较,G2/M期细胞比例增加,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 ALT对NIH/3T3细胞有毒性作用,可抑制细胞增殖并诱导G2/M期细胞阻滞,其细胞抑制作用可能与细胞周期阻滞有关.     

The short term exposition of AgNO3 on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts cell line

There is an increasing interest in using of silver coated (silver nitrate, silver alloy, silver oxide) catheters for hospital patients. Clinical trials with silver-coated urinary catheters have shown conflicting results. The most often performed catheterization is for a short period of time. The above observations have encouraged the authors to investigate the influence of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on 3T3 fibroblasts viability in vitro during a short time experiment (3 and 12 h). 3T3 fibroblast culture was established. The influence of AgNO3 on the viability of murine 3T3 fibroblasts with the use of trypan blue staining was evaluated. The regression curves and lethal concentrations for 90, 50 and 10% viability were calculated. The lethal concentrations of AgNO3 after 3 h exposition were as follows LC10=0.98, LC50=6.44 and LC90=21.38. The lethal concentrations of AgNO3 after 12 h exposition were as follows LC10=1.05, LC50=6.91 and LC90=22.96. The LC values were similar for 3 and 12 h exposure as well. In conclusion, the silver nitrate has the similar toxic effect on 3T3 fibroblasts during the short and long exposition. Attention should be paid when catheter has a close contact to injured urothelium even for a short period of time.     

Inhibitory effect of 3-carboethoxypyridine and 3-carbobutoxypyridine on isolated rat uterus

3-Carbomethoxypyridine (CMP) was isolated and characterized from the leaves of Pyrenacantha staudtii Hutch and Dalz, family Icacinaceae, in our earlier study and was found to possess an inhibitory activity on the isolated rat uterus. In order to study the structure - activity relationship, derivatives of CMP were obtained synthetically, purified and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as infra red spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The synthesized compounds were subjected to pharmacological testing using isolated rat uterine preparation in oestrus suspended in an organ bath containing De Jalon physiological salt solution (PSS). The force of contraction was recorded via an isometric transducer connected to an Ugo Basile recorder. The effects of these two compounds were compared with salbutamol as a positive control. 3-Carboethoxypyridine (ECP) demonstrated very significant (p < 0.005) inhibitory activity on the uterus with a total elimination of the spontaneous contractility at a dose of 0.4 mg/mL. Carbobutoxypyridine (BCP) also demonstrated a marked reduction of oxytocin-induced contractions and elimination of spontaneous activity. The study lends support to the potential use of these agents as tocolytics.     

RNA干扰P13K基因对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖的影响

目的采用RNA干扰技术沉默人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中P13K／AKT信号转导通路中P13Kplloa基因,观察其对SKOV3细胞增殖的影响,以期为卵巢癌的基因治疗提供可靠的理论依据。方法体外培养人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,脂质体介导靶向P13Kplloa基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）转染人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,采用免疫荧光双标法观察RNA干扰48h后对PCNA蛋白、CyclinDl蛋白的影响。结果RNA干扰组PCNA蛋白、CyclinDl蛋白阳性率较对照组与空白载体组明显减少,而对照组与空白载体组相比无明显差别。结论RNA干扰P13Kplloa基因可下调PCNA蛋白、CyclinDl蛋白的表达,抑制细胞增殖,这种调控可能是通过P13K／AKT信号通路及其下游靶分子进行的。以P13Kplloa为靶点的RNA干扰技术有望成为卵巢癌基因治疗的新策略。     

PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路对Foxp3基因表达的影响

目的研究PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路对Foxp3基因表达的影响。方法将SPF级昆明系小鼠60只随机分为对照组(A)和实验组(B、C、D),B、C、D三组分别灌胃雷帕霉素0.2、0.4、0.6 mg.d-1,A组每天予以无菌水灌胃,共3周。3周后,无菌条件下心脏采血,EDTA抗凝,分离脾脏,制备单细胞悬液,采用流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血和脾脏中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平(CD4+CD25+Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分比),RT-PCR检测小鼠脾细胞Foxp3mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学SP法染色观察小鼠脾脏中p-mTOR蛋白表达的变化,并利用计算机图像分析技术测量各实验组及对照组中p-mTOR蛋白表达的平均光密度。结果 Foxp3 mRNA在实验组(B、C、D)小鼠脾脏中表达的程度分别为(0.4853±0.0574、0.7886±0.1085、0.9639±0.2015),明显高于对照组A(0.1345±0.0271)(P<0.05);实验组(B、C、D)小鼠脾脏中p-mTOR蛋白表达的平均光密度分别为(0.2326±0.0431、0.1156±0.0223、0.0556±0.0041),明显低于对照组A(0.4223±0.0534)(P<0.05);两指标经pearson相关分析,小鼠脾脏中Foxp3mRNA的表达与p-mTOR蛋白表达呈负相关。结论抑制PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路会促使Foxp3的表达增强;PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路的激活程度与Foxp3的表达程度呈负相关。     

Fragrance material review on 1-phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a tertiary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 1-phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol were evaluated then summarized and includes physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, skin sensitization, and genotoxicity data. A safety assessment of the entire Aryl Alkyl Alcohols will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all Aryl Alkyl Alcohols in fragrances.     

Influence of γ-aminobutyric acid on baclofen intestinal absorption

Since previous studies suggested that baclofen absorption in the rat middle intestine was inhibited by β-alanine and therefore mediated, at least in part, by the β-aminoacid carrier, we focused our new studies on the analysis of the possible inhibition of the drug by a γ-aminoacid model compound, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A rat jejunum in situ study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of GABA on baclofen absorption and to establish the inhibition model. Assays using isotonic perfusion solutions of 0.5 mM baclofen with starting GABA concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mM are reported. The results show that the absorption rate pseudoconstants of the drug decrease as the GABA concentration increases, with a limiting value of 0.65 h^?1 (±0.01). A partial competitive inhibition or complete competitive inhibition in the presence of a passive component could define the interaction phenomena between the two substances. Kinetic absorption parameters for GABA in the presence and absence of baclofen (K_i = 5.67 ± 1.54, K_m = 3.87 ± 0.63) suggest the existence of more than one intestinal carrier system for baclofen or GABA.     

蚯蚓蛋白对NIH3T3细胞的促进增殖作用研究

目的探讨蚯蚓蛋白(EFP)对NIH3T3细胞的促进增殖作用。方法 MTT法测定EFP对大鼠成纤维细胞(NIH3T3)的促进增殖作用;细胞划痕法测定EFP促进NIH3T3细胞划痕创面愈合作用;测定NIH3T3细胞培养液中胶原降解产物羟脯氨酸的含量。结果 EFP具有促进NIH3T3细胞的增殖作用,促进划痕创面愈合作用,增加了NIH3T3细胞培养液中羟脯氨酸的含量。结论 EFP具有促进NIH3T3细胞增殖和划痕创面愈合作用。