Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Berberine in Rabbits

用ＲＰＨＰＬＣ方法研究了给家兔灌胃黄连素的吸收情况及药代动力学。结果表明，给家兔灌胃黄连素５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，其血药浓度时间数据用３Ｐ８７药代动力学程序软件处理，经自动拟合，黄连素给家兔灌胃后的药代动力学模型符合一室开放模型，其主要药代动力学参数Ｔ（ｐｅａｋ）为（０６２±０２５）ｈ，Ｃ（ｍａｘ）为（９２７２±５０８９）μｇ／Ｌ，曲线下的面积ＡＵＣ值为（４９１７±２９５５）μｇ·ｈ／Ｌ。此结果表明，家兔口服黄连素后能被迅速吸收，且达到了有效的血药浓度     

槐定碱和氧化槐定碱对豚鼠心率的影响

目的：本文观察氧化槐定碱（ＯＳＲ）和槐定碱（ＳＲ）对豚鼠心肌自律性及心率的影响。方法∶应用离体心房实验法及整体动物试验法观察药物对心肌自律性及动物心率的影响。结果∶对整体豚鼠，ｉｖＯＳＲ５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ和ＳＲ１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ可使心率分别由４５８±２０次／ｍｉｎ，４３３±２０次／ｍｉｎ减慢到３７１±２８次／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜００１），４１１±１５次／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜００５），并能对抗ｉｖ异丙肾上腺素１０μｇ／ｋｇ增加心率的作用，对豚鼠离体左心房，ＯＳＲ（１９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＳＲ（６０μｍｏ１／Ｌ）均可使肾上腺素诱发自律性的阈浓度由９６±３７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ降低到４８±１８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００５），５７±２３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００５）。结论∶ＯＳＲ和ＳＲ可减慢整体豚鼠的心率，对抗异丙肾的加快心率的作用；而在离体心肌，它们能够使肾上腺素诱发离体心房自律性的浓度降低，表现为加快心率的作用     

日本血吸虫成虫在体外培养中产卵和虫卵发育成熟的影响因素研究

在无血清８４１培养基中分别添加胸腺嘧啶核苷（１６×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、鸟氨酸（１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、强的松龙（１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和胰蛋白胨（１０ｇ／Ｌ），可促进日本血吸虫产卵。经１５ｄ的观察证实在８４１培养基中添加上述成份组成的８９１培养基比８４１培养基产卵量高、畸卵率低和产卵高峰持续时间长。成虫最初２４ｈ内产出的虫卵体外培养至第１５ｄ，ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养基、无血清８４１培养基、８４１培养基和８９１培养基上成熟期虫卵的百分比依次为１１６±４７，１８７±５６，２８４±８３和３０１±７８。     

HPLC法同时测定“点必宁”滴眼液中氧氟沙星和地塞米松的含量

以愈创木酚甘油醚为内标，甲醇水００５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钾（５２∶１５∶３３）为流动相，在Ｃ１８柱上同时分离测定氧氟沙星和地塞米松的含量。检测波长２４０ｎｍ，浓度线性范围：氧氟沙星１５０～７５０μｇ／ｍｌ，地塞米松５０～２５０μｇ／ｍｌ。     

尼群地平衍生物Ⅵ对豚鼠乳头状肌收缩力的影响

对比观察了尼群地平衍生物Ⅵ（ＮＩＴＤⅥ）及尼群地平（ＮＩＴ）对豚鼠乳头状肌收缩力的影响。结果表明，ＮＩＴＤⅥ及ＮＩＴ分别从３×１０－７及３×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ开始抑制豚鼠乳头状肌收缩力，当其浓度分别增至３×１０－５及３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，心肌收缩力明显减弱，甚至消失。在相同浓度下，ＮＩＴ对豚鼠乳头状肌收缩力的抑制作用明显强于ＮＩＴＤⅥ。提示：ＮＩＴＤⅥ及ＮＩＴ均可减弱心肌收缩力，且ＮＩＴＤⅥ的抑制作用弱于ＮＩＴ。     

β－受体激动剂对血小板激活因子致肺水肿的抑制作用

用离体灌注肺模型研究了异丙肾上腺素（ＩＰＮ）对血小板激活因子（ＰＡＦ）所致肺血管壁通透性增高的抑制作用。豚鼠肺用Ｔｒｉｓ－缓冲Ｒｉｎｇｅｒ液作恒流灌注，通过气管将肺悬吊于张力传感器上，连续记录肺重量变化。用恒压灌注测定微血管对液体的滤过系数（Ｋｆ）。结果，灌注液中加１０－９ｍｏｌ／ＬＰＡＦ，灌注１５ｍｉｎ后肺增重由对照组的０．３２±０．０８ｇ上升到２．４４±０．４４ｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｋｆ值由对照组的３．０６±１．０２×１０－３上升到１６．８４±１．５０±１０－３（ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｋＰａ－１）。如在ＰＡＦ作用前先加β－受体激动剂ＩＰＮ１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ可明显降低ＰＡＦ引起的肺增重和Ｋｆ变化；β－受体阻断剂心得安（２．５μｇ／ｍｌ）能逆转ＩＰＮ的作用。说明ＩＰＮ通过激活β－受体增强血管壁屏障功能，减轻ＰＡＦ引起的水肿。     

蛋白激酶C激动剂PMA、阻滞剂H-7及氯胺酮、咪唑安定对兔离体气管平滑肌收缩力的影响

目的：探讨蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）信号传导系统在气管平滑肌张力调节中的作用及氯胺酮、咪唑安定对其的影响。方法：研究不同浓度的ＰＫＣ激动剂ＰＭＡ（３×１０－７～３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对静息状态下气管平滑肌张力的影响；研究两种浓度的ＰＭＡ（３×１０－６，３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及特异性ＰＫＣ阻滞剂Ｈ－７（３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对乙酰胆碱（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）诱发气管平滑肌收缩力的调节作用及Ｈ－７、氯胺酮、咪唑安定对ＰＭＡ效应的抑制作用。结果：３×１０－７～３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ对静息状态下的气管平滑肌张力无明显影响，３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ可明显增强乙酰胆碱诱发张力的峰值和平台值，然而３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ并不能进一步增加乙酰胆碱的作用，张力平台值有所下降；３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈ－７可完全抵消３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ效应。１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氯胺酮和１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ咪唑安定和Ｈ－７有相似的效果。结论：ＰＫＣ信号传导系统的激活并不能单独诱发离体气管平滑肌的收缩，但可使乙酰胆碱的收缩效应增加，氯胺酮和咪唑安定对ＰＫＣ信号传导系统有抑制作用。     

酸性牛神经肽1的抗吗啡作用和成瘾性研究

用酸性牛神经肽１（ＡＢＮＰ１）进行了对抗吗啡引起小鼠竖尾的实验研究和ＡＢＮＰ１的成瘾实验。结果表明：０５ｇ／ｋｇ的ＡＢＮＰ１可以１００％地抑制吗啡引起的小鼠竖尾；０２５％的ＡＢＮＰ１可５０％地抑制吗啡引起的小鼠竖尾；０１２５ｇ／ｋｇ的ＡＢＮＰ１可１０％地抑制吗啡引起的小鼠竖尾。每只小鼠每ｄ给于０５０，０２５和０１２ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）的ＡＢＮＰ１，连续１０ｄ给药之后，给于５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的纳洛酮催瘾后作跳台试验。结果：无一只小鼠跳下跳台。提示：ＡＢＮＰ１具有抑制吗啡的兴奋作用且在实验浓度内不具有成瘾性。     

β－受体激活对血小板激活因子、组胺致血管壁通透性增高的抑制作用

本实验采用整体动物和体外灌注内皮细胞单层模型，研究了异丙肾上腺素（ＩＰＮ）对炎症介质引起的血管壁通透性增加的影响。结果表明，大鼠静注伊文斯蓝２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，皮内注射１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／ＬＰＡＦ或０．１ｍｇ／ｍｌ组胺０．２ｍｌ，分别引起局部伊文斯蓝渗出１６．８２±２．０５μｇ／ｇ组织和２１．６８±２．８６μｇ／ｇ组织。预先静注ＩＰＮ１０μｇ／ｋｇ，伊文斯蓝渗出量分别减少５６．２％和４３．６％。心得安（ＰＰＮ）可逆转ＩＰＮ的作用。单纯心得安处理，使ＰＡＦ和组胺引起的伊文斯蓝渗出量增高，提示生理浓度的儿茶酚胺对血管壁通透性有抑制作用。体外灌注内皮细胞单层研究表明，ＩＰＮ可显著降低ＰＡＦ引起的跨内皮单层液体流量和蛋白清除率的增高，从细胞水平证实ＩＰＮ可抑制ＰＡＦ引起的血管壁通透性增高。     

蜂毒素对豚鼠心肌细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的测定蜂毒素引起的豚鼠心肌细胞内游离钙浓度变化。方法分离成年豚鼠心肌细胞，以Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ为荧光试剂，测定蜂毒素引起的心肌细胞内钙浓度变化。结果蜂毒素３．５×１０－１３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，使心肌细胞内钙浓度增加，维拉帕米（１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ作用５ｍｉｎ），未明显拮抗蜂毒素引起的细胞内钙增加。结论蜂毒素可促进细胞内钙浓度增加，可能与维拉帕米所阻断的钙通道无关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.