细胞块免疫细胞化学在乳腺癌术前辅助化疗中的意义

目的：探讨细胞块免疫细胞化学在乳腺癌术前辅助化疗中的临床价值。方法：用10ml持笔式负压穿刺器穿刺乳腺癌患者肿物,血浆凝血酶方法制做成细胞块,选择术前已做细胞块,并且术后有病理组织学对照的乳腺癌90例分别进行免疫组化标记。抗体选用ER、PR、cerbB-2、P53、VEGF、Ki67。结果：细胞块免疫细胞化学结果：阳性率分别为ER68％、PR63％、cerbB-230％、P5334％、VEGF57％、ki6779％。术后病理组织免疫组化结果：ER70％、PR66％、cerb-232％、P5337％、VEGF59％、Ki6781％。结论：持笔式负压穿刺器穿刺乳腺癌组织,血浆凝血酶法制做的细胞块,不仅操作简便快捷、安全、不需特殊设备,而且可连续切片做多种抗体检测以满足诊断需要,其免疫细胞化学结果和术后病理免疫组织化学结果对比无明显差异。乳腺癌辅助化疗前用细胞块制备的标本检测ER、PR、cerbB-2、P53、VEGF、Ki-67,能了解乳腺癌患者内分泌情况及恶性程度和预后,为术前辅助化疗及内分泌治疗提供必要的参考指标,从而对乳腺癌患者进行针对性的个体化疗方案,增加乳腺癌患者保乳手术机会,提高患者的生存期和治愈率。     

细胞块免疫细胞化学在确定转移腺癌原发灶中的意义

目的探讨细胞块免疫细胞化学在诊断转移腺癌原发灶中的临床价值。方法选取手术后有病理组织学结果对照,并且淋巴结穿刺后已做细胞块的肿瘤患者150例,其中肺腺癌30例、卵巢癌30例、肠癌30例、胃癌30例、乳腺癌30例。用细针穿刺淋巴结获取标本,用血浆凝血酶的方法制成细胞块,抗体组选择TTF-1、CA125、CDX2、Villin、GCDFP-15 5种抗体。结果肺腺癌的淋巴结中TTF-1阳性率达90％,卵巢癌的淋巴结中CA125阳性率达90％,肠癌的淋巴结中CDX2阳性率达93％,Villin阳性率达76％,胃癌的淋巴结中CDX2阳性率达50％,Villin阳性率达63％,乳腺癌的淋巴结中GCD—Fp-15阳性率达86％。结论用血浆凝血酶的方法做成的细胞块常规切片,再与免疫细胞化学相结合,不仅能确定肿瘤性质,组织学类型,解决了一些疑难病例,而且还能够对原发灶较小,比较隐匿,而以淋巴结转移为首发症状的肿瘤患者,提示确定原发灶,帮助临床制定合理治疗方案及判断预后。     

术前化疗诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡的临床意义

目的 研究乳腺癌术前化疗是否能引起肿瘤细胞的细胞凋亡,以及肿瘤细胞凋亡的改变是否和术前化疗的疗效及生存率有关。方法 应用原位杂交和免疫组化法,检测术前化疗和对照肝瘤细胞的凋亡指数（ＡＩ）和肿瘤铁雌激纱受体状态,采用学生检验法（ｔａｉｌｅｄｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ‘ｓ ｔ－ｔｅｓｅ）。比较术前化疗组和对照组ＡＩ的差要用ａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ方法,计算术前化疗组和对照组的总生存率（ＯＳ）和无病生存率（ＲＦＳ）     

胸腹水细胞块的免疫细胞化学研究

[目的]行多项胸腹水细胞块的免疫细胞化学检测,探索一组鉴别良恶性及肿瘤起源的有价值的常规一抗试剂组.[方法]收集胸腹水标本制成细胞块,HE染色筛检出间皮细胞反应性增生及可疑恶性或查见恶性细胞的病例59例.免疫细胞化学方法采用SP法,一抗用HBME-1、钙网膜蛋白(CR)、E-cad、CD44、CK7、CK20,腹水加做CA19-9(女性加做CA125),胸水加做TTF-1.[结果]HBME-1在间皮瘤中表达57.1%(4/7)、转移腺癌中表达51.1%(23/45);钙网膜蛋白在间皮瘤中表达100%、腺癌中未表达;E-cad( )见于96.4%(53/55)恶性肿瘤;CD44( )见于反应性增生及恶性间皮瘤;TTF-1在肺癌中表达80.6%(25/31)、非肺源性未见表达;CK7( )在转移腺癌中表达86.7%(39/45),无特异性;CK20( )在肠癌中表达100%,CK7(-)/CK20( )具肠源性特异性;CA19-9在胃肠癌中表达100%,间皮瘤中亦表达2/7;CA125在卵巢癌表达75.0%(3/4),特异性100%.[结论]E-cad鉴别良恶性胸腹水;CR鉴别是否间皮起源、TTF-1鉴别肺源性、CK7/CK20鉴别肠源性转移癌具有特异性及敏感性特点,它们可作为常规一抗鉴别良恶性及肿瘤起源.CA125鉴别卵巢癌具有相同特点,可作为女性患者腹水常规一抗.     

术前化疗在Ⅲ期乳腺癌治疗中的作用

目的　评价术前化疗在Ⅲ期乳腺癌治疗中的作用。方法　从 1991年 3月至 1994年 3月 ,我科共收治Ⅲ期乳腺癌 10 0例 ,按随机分组 ,术前化疗组 5 0例 ,未术前化疗组 5 0例 ,术后所有病例均行放化疗。结果　术前化疗后原发肿瘤明显缩小 ,有效率为 6 2 %(31/5 0 ) ,术前化疗组 5年生存率 70 % ,明显高于未术前化疗组的 36 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　术前化疗对改善Ⅲ期乳腺癌的疗效、提高5年生存率具有重要意义。     

不同固定方法对胸水细胞块组织形态及免疫细胞化学的影响

目的:探讨不同固定液对细胞块的固定效果和免疫细胞化学标记的影响,寻找一种理想的细胞块的固定液及制作方法.方法: 利用4%中性甲醛、乙醇乙醚(1∶1)混合固定液、丙酮三种不同固定液对同一阳性胸水进行固定,制作出细胞块3μm切片,行HE和免疫细胞化学染色,观察染色效果和抗体标记情况.结果: 4%中性甲醛固定细胞块HE染色鲜艳清晰,细胞无变性,免疫标记定位准确清晰;乙醇乙醚固定HE染色鲜艳,细胞略有变性,免疫标记欠佳;丙酮固定HE染色鲜艳,细胞略有萎缩变性.结论: 在病理制片过程中,固定相当重要,在细胞块的固定液选择中,通过对比,4%中性甲醛是胸水离心细胞块最理想的固定液.     

乳腺癌术前辅助化疗后原发肿瘤临床改变与预后

1971年1月～1982年12月,我院应用秋水仙硷制剂及CU方案术前辅助治疗可观察的乳腺癌390例,疗效达到CR18例,PR101例,SD259例,PD12例。5年生存率有效组(CR PR)与无效组(SD PD)分别为77.3％及65.7％(P=0.01),10年生存率两组分别为56.4％及50.9％(P=0.2)。肿瘤对化疗药物愈敏感,预后愈好,尤其是CR,腋结转移率为33.3％,5及10年生存率为94.4％及90.9％。当采用CU联合化疗时,原发瘤T_3,临床Ⅲ期及腋结转移时,5及10年生存率有效组较无效组有所提高,表明术前化疗对晚期病人可以改善预后。     

乳腺癌术后辅助化疗的Meta分析

全文对最近4年有关乳腺癌术后辅助化疗的Meta分析作一回顾。早期也腺癌（I－Ⅱ期）术后辅助化疗，对50岁以下患者的10年生存率可提高7％－11％，50岁－6岁者可提高2％－3％；含蒽环类多药化疗其5年绝对死亡率较不含蒽环类的多药化疗提高3％。无毒性－症状生存分析表明其术后辅助化疗获益程度明显超过其化疗负担。比杉醇类药物在乳腺癌辅助化疗中的结果令人鼓舞，但尚不是结论性的。对雌激素受体阳性（ER（＋））乳腺癌患者术后加用三苯氧胺（TAM）可减少复发、提高生存率。     

序贯化疗在乳腺癌辅助治疗中的研究进展

随着新的活性药物的出现和细胞生长动力学模型概念应用于临床,乳腺癌辅助化疗的疗效得到了一定的提高.序贯化疗的治疗方式在一定程度上改善了辅助治疗的疗效和治疗指数.本文对近年来序贯化疗在乳腺癌辅助治疗中临床研究进展进行了回顾.     

Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer

Summary Weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy has been reported by several authors. Because increased body weight at diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence, we have assessed the prevalence of weight gain in a series of patients receiving adjuvant treatment, as well as the association of weight gain with type of treatment and risk of recurrence. We first assembled an inception cohort of 237 patients who had all undergone pretreatment evaluation and treatment at one institution, and had already been followed for at least 12 months. Body weight at the start and completion of treatment was recorded, as was type of treatment and status at last followup. Ninety-six percent of patients gained weight during treatment and none lost weight (mean increase 4.3 kg). Weight gain was strongly associated with treatment, and was least in patients receiving single agent chemotherapy, greatest in patients treated with ovarian ablation and prednisone, and intermediate in those receiving combination chemotherapy. There was no association between weight gain and disease recurrence.Supported in part by the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, and the National Cancer Institute of Canada.     

Simultaneous adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for stage I and II breast cancer

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate treatment outcome after conservative breast surgery or mastectomy followed by simultaneous adjuvant radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) therapy. Two hundred and sixty eight (268) patients were treated at two Australian and two New Zealand centres between 1981 and July 1995. One hundred and sixty-nine patients underwent conservation surgery and 99 had mastectomies. Median follow-up was 53 months. Conventionally fractionated radiation was delivered simultaneously during the first two cycles of CMF, avoiding radiation on the Fridays that the intravenous components of CMF were delivered. In conservatively treated patients, 5-year actuarial rates of any recurrence, distant recurrence and overall survival were 34.5 ± 5.2%, 25.4 ± 4.5% and 75.5 ± 4.8%, respectively. Crude incidence of local relapse at 4 years was 6.3% and at regional/distant sites was 26.3%. Highest grades of granulocyte toxicity (< 0.5 × 10⁹/L), moist desquamation, radiation pneumonitis and persistent breast oedema were recorded in 10.7, 8.5, 8.9 and 17.2%, respectively. In patients treated by mastectomy, 5-year actuarial rates of any recurrence, distant recurrence and overall survival were 59.7 ± 7.3%, 56.7 ± 7.4% and 50.1 ± 7%. The crude incidence of local relapse at 4 years was 5.6% and at regional/distant sites it was 45.7%. The issue of appropriate timing of adjuvant therapies has become particularly important with the increasing acknowledgement of the value of anthracycline-based regimens. For women in lower risk categories (e.g. 1–3 nodes positive or node negative), CMF may offer a potentially better therapy, particularly where breast-conserving surgical techniques have been used. In such cases CMF allows the simultaneous delivery of radiotherapy with the result of optimum local control, without compromise or regional or systemic relapse rates. Further randomized trials that directly address the optimal integration of the two modalities, such as the one carried out in Boston, are clearly necessary.     

Quality of life after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer

Purpose.To evaluate the quality of life of breast cancer patients previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Method.Registry data were used to recruit a sample of breast cancer patients (N=61; mean age=51.6 years) with no current evidence of disease who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy between 3 and 36 months earlier (average=15.87 months). In addition, a peer nomination procedure was used to recruit an age-matched comparison group of women with no history of cancer (N=59; mean age=51.5 years). Both groups were mailed a survey to complete that included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). These data were used to test the hypothesis that breast cancer patients previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy experience impaired quality of life relative to their peers and to identify demographic and medical factors associated with individual differences in patient quality of life. Results.Consistent with predictions, the postchemotherapy group scored poorer than the noncancer comparison group on the CES-D and on six of the eight subscales as well as the physical component summary scale of the SF-36 (p<0.05). With regard to individual differences in patient quality of life, younger age and unmarried status were positively related to poorer mental well-being and greater depressive symptomatology (p<0.05). Time since cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy completion were also positively related to greater depressive symptomatology (p<0.05). In contrast, none of the demographic or medical variables assessed were related to physical well-being (p>0.05). Conclusions.Breast cancer patients appear to experience problems in multiple quality of life domains following the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Demographic and medical characteristics explain individual differences in mental but not physical aspects of patient quality of life. These findings demonstrate the need for interventions to improve the quality of life in breast cancer patients previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Prevalence and course of fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fatigue and the course of fatigue as a function of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, a sample of 157 patients with breast cancer were interviewed, using the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, at the first, third and fifth cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy, as well as 4 and 12 weeks after the last cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were treated with either a doxorubicin-containing schedule, or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). RESULTS: The courses of general and physical fatigue are to a large extent similar. After the last cycle of chemotherapy, the CMF group reported a significant increase in fatigue, which was followed by a significant reduction. In the doxorubicin group a significant increase in fatigue was only seen during the first cycles of chemotherapy. The fatigue experienced at the first and the last measurements do not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of fatigue increased significantly after the start of chemotherapy. After chemotherapy treatment the prevalence rate seemed to decline. A different impact of chemotherapy on the course of fatigue was found. In the doxorubicin group a direct increase in fatigue was found. In the CMF group a moderate direct increase occurred, followed by a delayed strong increase. An increase in fatigue was associated with a decrease in daily functioning. At all measurement occasions fatigue was affected by type of operation, such that women with a mastectomy were more fatigued than women that underwent a lumpectomy. Receiving radiotherapy also led to an increase in fatigue. With this knowledge breast cancer patients can be better informed about what they can expect. Further research should include interventions addressing how to reduce or cope with fatigue during as well as after receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.     

乳腺癌术后辅助化疗时机的选择

乳腺癌术后辅助化疗的时机选择问题,相关研究层出不穷并仍在继续,但目前为止尚无定论.术后辅助化疗的时机对患者的生存有影响,早期乳腺癌患者辅助化疗时机超过12周与患者较差的生存相关,早期快速增殖型乳腺癌辅助化疗时机在7周内将使患者生存获益.Ⅲ期、三阴性以及HER-2阳性且接受曲妥珠单克隆抗体治疗等高危乳腺癌患者,术后辅助化疗时机超过61天对生存结局造成不利影响.对于术后的辅助化疗总体来说,在患者状况允许的前提下,尽快制定化疗方案,尽早化疗,避免延迟.     

Ten-year experience with CMF-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable breast cancer

The paper reviews all adjuvant studies carried out since 1973 at the Milan Cancer Institute in women with resectable breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. The updated results essentially confirm previous findings, and indicate that CMF-based chemotherapy is able to exert a prolonged therapeutic activity in a fraction of patients bearing micrometastases. In particular, the first randomized study testing no postoperative chemotherapy vs 12 CMF cycles, showed a 10-year relapse free survival (RFS) of 31.4% vs 43.4% (P<0.001) and an overall survival (OS) of 47.3% vs 55.2% (P = 0.10), respectively. Findings related to subsets indicated that RFS and OS benefit was significant in premenopausal and not in postmenopausal women, and in both treatment groups the observed findings were always related to the number of histologically positive nodes. On relapse, salvage therapy administered to controls failed to produce superior results compared to those achieved in the CMF group.The 8-year results of the second study testing 12 vs 6 CMF cycles failed to show a significant difference between the two treatment groups. This indicated that the maximum tumor cell kill occurred during initial chemotherapy cycles. In the third study, carried out only in postmenopausal women 65 years, sequential non-cross resistant combinations (CMFP AV) at full dose achieved superior results compared to CMF in the subset with limited nodal extent. Acute side effects were moderate and no delayed morbidity, including increased incidence of second neoplasms, was observed.We conclude that the tumor cell heterogeneity, and in particular primary drug resistance, represents the major obstacle to adjuvant systemic therapy in high risk breast cancer. Current results suggest that 6 cycles of CMF can be considered a simple, safe, and moderately effective adjuvant therapy. Future trials should contemplate treatments of different intensity related to major prognostic subsets, while in women at very high risk of early relapse more vigorous drug regimens should be concentrated within the first six months from local-regional therapy.Presented at 7th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, San Antonio, Texas, December 7–8, 1984.     

非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗的临床研究

背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌术后辅助化疗一直是国内外的研究热点。本研究的目的是对比观察术后辅助化疗对非小细胞肺癌患者生存期的作用。方法 2000年6月～2003年12月，观察64例ⅠB～ⅢA期行完全性切除的非小细胞肺癌患者，包括接受术后长春瑞滨＋顺铂（NP）方案或紫杉醇＋卡铂（TP）方案化疗的化疗组和仅行术后观察的观察组，然后以Kaplan-Meier法对两组病例的1、2、3、4年生存率和中位生存时间进行分析。结果 化疗组的1、2、3、4年生存率分别为93．9％、84．6％、71．4％、58．4％，观察组分别为93．6％、83．1％、63．5％、43．1％，两组间3年和4年生存率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。化疗组与观察组中位生存时间分别为52个月和47个月（P〈0．05），无病生存时间分别为19个月和16个月（P〈0．05）。结论 术后含铂辅助化疗可以延长完全切除病灶的ⅠB～ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者的术后生存期。     

淋巴结阳性乳腺癌的术后辅助化疗研究进展

大规模随机临床试验和荟萃分析证明,绝大多数淋巴结阳性乳腺癌病人需要辅助化疗.合适的化疗方案、剂量强度和周期数都是影响疗效的重要因素,剂量密度化疗进一步提高了疗效.分子标志物不仅可预示淋巴结阳性乳腺癌病人的预后,在将来还可以指导乳腺癌的个体化治疗.