改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术在DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层术中的应用

目的 总结改良主动脉全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 2006年1月至2010年10月,101例DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者接受改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术,其中急诊手术73例.全组男性76例,女性25例;年龄21～77岁,平均(49±8)岁.手术包括升主动脉置换术31例、Bentall术29例、Wheat术7例、David术34例.支架象鼻术的同时行左锁骨下动脉开窗以重建血运.在深低温停循环时改行双侧顺行脑灌注下完成脑保护.结果 手术改良后平均心肺转流时间(212±40)min,平均心肌阻断时间(95±16)min,平均停循环时间(42±8)min.手术死亡1例,住院死亡5例,分别死于感染败血症、急性肾功能衰竭、偏瘫并发多器官功能衰竭.双侧脑灌注后脑血管意外和短暂脑神经功能障碍的发生率低于选择性脑灌注.76例患者出院前复查主动脉CT血管造影,人工血管无扭曲,血流通畅,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为78.9%.71例随访5～49个月,其中50例复查CT血管造影,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为88.0%,无晚期死亡及再次手术者.结论 改良的全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层安全、有效,可减少术后并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection. Methods From January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey Ⅰ aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of(49 ±8)years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion. Results The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(212 ±40)min, mean myocardial occlusion time was(95 ± 16)min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ±8)min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia,acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78. 9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery. Conclusions The modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.     

非体外循环下全主动脉弓替换术治疗主动脉弓降部动脉瘤的早、中期结果

目的 评价采用常温、非体外循环下全主动脉弓替换手术治疗主动脉弓、降部动脉瘤的术后早、中期结果.方法 2004年4月至11月,对连续7例主动脉弓降部动脉瘤病人实施常温、非体外循环下全主动脉弓替换手术.术后对所有病人进行长期随访,随访截止日期为2011年3月.7例均为男性,年龄23～75岁,中位年龄57岁.真性动脉瘤3例,假性动脉瘤4例,其中1例为弓降部巨大假性动脉瘤覆膜支架置入术失败者.采用胸部正中与左胸前外侧联合切口,全身肝素化后,依次在升主动脉前外侧壁安放主动脉侧壁钳,降主动脉与头臂动脉分别放置主动脉阻断钳,将带四分支人工血管依次与升主动脉行端-侧吻合、与降主动脉及3支头臂动脉行端-端吻合,最后闭合升主动脉残端,切除弓降部主动脉瘤壁.结果 平均胸降主动脉阻断(13.6±5.6)min,左颈总动脉阻断(5.7±0.8)min,无名动脉阻断(7.8±2.5)min,左锁骨下动脉阻断(11.2±1.5)min.术后使用呼吸机平均(12.3±4.1)h.病人全部生存.与同期常温体外循环下主动脉弓替换手术组相比,本组机械通气时间显著减少.无神经系统并发症.术后CT扫描结果显示,主动脉弓降部人工血管形态佳,吻合口周围无渗漏或假性动脉瘤形成.全组平均随访(79.7±2.1)个月,病人生活质量良好,复查CT结果均未见异常.无远期死亡.结论 在常温、非体外循环状态下实施全主动脉弓替换手术,是一种治疗主动脉弓、降部真性或假性动脉瘤的安全、有效的方法,严格把握手术适应证是手术成功的关键.

Abstract：

Objective Study the early and midterm results of a technique-total aortic arch replacement without using extracorporeal circulation or aortic bypass for the treatment of aortic aneurismal disease involving the transverse aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. Methods Between April and November 2004, 7 consecutive patients with true (n = 3) or false (n =4) aortic aneurysm underwent this procedure. The mean follow-up was 6. 6 years. The median age at operation was 57years ( range 23 to 75 years). Normothermia general anesthesia and median sternotomy combined with left anterior thoracotomy were administered. A partially occluding clamp was placed on ascending aorta and a longitude aortic incision was made. Anastomosis of a branched graft to ascending aorta in an end-to-side fashion was commenced. The descending aorta distal to the aneurysm was occluded and transected, and anastomosed to the distal end of the branched graft in an end-to-end fashion. Finally,the arch vessels were divided and anastomosed to the branches of the graft and the aneurysm excised. Results The average cross-clamp time of descending aorta, left common carotid artery, and innominate artery was (13.6 ±5.6)min, (5.7 ±0.8)min, and (7.8±2.5) min respectively. The mean intubation time was (12.3 ±4.1) hours. There were no adverse outcomes or neurologic complications in this series. All patients survived and recovered completely. The mean follow-up time was (79.7 ±2.1) months. All patients lead a normal life. There was no late death. CT follow-up study 6 years after surgery reveals no abnormal image. Conclusion Total aortic arch replacement without cardiopulmonary and aortic bypass is a feasible and effective method for the aortic aneurismal disease involving the transverse aortic arch and proximal descending aorta in selected patients.     

升主动脉替换联合三分支支架血管术中置入治疗急性A型主动脉夹层

目的 总结升主动脉人工血管替换联合三分支支架血管术中置入治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的初步经验.方法 2008年6月至2009年9月20例急性A型主动脉夹层病人接受了升主动脉人工血管替换和三分支支架血管置入术.体外循环鼻咽温度降至20℃时,停止下半身灌注,经无名动脉近端升主动脉横断切口,将三分支支架血管置入主动脉弓和近端胸降主动脉真腔内,并将其分支支架血管依次置入左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉和无名动脉.将主干支架血管的近端与无名动脉近端的升主动脉切口重建后与替换近端升主动脉的人工血管端端吻合.结果 所有病人术中均顺利地置入三分支支架血管,平均体外循环(163.2±19.2)min,主动脉阻断(89.4±10.0)min,低流量选择性脑灌注和下半身缺血(32.7±6.6)min.术后出现短暂性神智障碍1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例.20例均治愈出院.术后3个月电子束CT检查结果示,主干支架血管及分支支架血管通畅、无扭曲;支架血管置入部位夹层假腔闭合;16例远端胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合.结论 三分支支架血管术中置入是简化急性主动脉夹层者主动脉弓重建、提高手术安全性的一种有效方法.主要适应证为弓内内膜无破口而需主动脉弓重建的急性A型主动脉夹层病人.支架血管大小、分支支架血管间的距离选择和放置过程中避免内膜损伤是术中三分支支架血管成功放置的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To report the primary experience of open placement of triple-branched stent graft for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods Between June 2008 and September 2009, 20 well-selected patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection underwent open placement of triple-branched stent graft for total arch reconstruction. When core cooling to a 20℃ nasophageal temperature, perfusion to the lower body was discontinued and the ascending aorta was transected at the base of the innominate artery. Through a transverse incision, the triple-branched stent graft was inserted into the true lumen of the arch and descending aorta, and each side arm of the stent graft was positioned one by one into the arch branches.The transected stump of the ascending aorta was reconstructed by inner proximal stent-free dacron tube of the main graft and outer teflon felt, and subsequently continuous anastomosis to the 1-branched dacron tube graft was made. Results Open placement of triple-branched stent graft was technically successful in all patients. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time and lower body arrest time were (163.2 ±19.2) min, (89.4 ±10.0) min and (32. 7 ±6. 6)min, respectively. Transient postoperative neurological dysfunction was observed in 1 patient and acute renal failure in 1 patient. All patients were discharged from the hospital. Their computed tomographic scans at 3 months postoperatively showed that all stent grafts were fully opened without distortion. In the vascular stent implantation site the dissected false lumen was eliminated. The false lumen of the descending aorta distal to the stent graft was closed with thrombus in 16 cases. Conclusion Open placement of triple-branched stent graft is a new effective technique for total arch reconstruction in acute type A aortic dissection. Patients have the indications of the extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta without primary intimal tears in the arch may be the best candidates for this new technique. The size of the stent graft, the distances between two neighboring side arm grafts and the prevention of the intimal trauma during the placement are crucial for successful open placement of triple-branched stent graft.     

一期"杂交"手术主动脉弓替换及早期随访结果

目的 总结一期"杂交"主动脉弓部替换治疗累及主动脉弓的主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤的临床经验及早期随访结果,探讨一期"杂交"手术适应证.方法 2009年7月到2010年3月共22例累及主动脉弓的主动脉夹层或主动脉瘤病人在"杂交"手术室完成一期"杂交"主动脉弓替换手术.分别采用正中开胸,常温升主动脉至头臂动脉旁路移植,顺行主动脉弓部腔内覆膜支架置入术;和正中开胸,体外循环下升主动脉替换和(或)主动脉瓣置换和(或)冠脉旁路移植术,顺行主动脉弓部腔内覆膜支架置入术.比较体外循环组与同期采用传统深低温停循环手术行主动脉弓置换者的体外循环、主动脉阻断、ICU时间及血制品费用.结果 全组均成功同期完成手术并置入覆膜支架.常温组支架直径(40.80±1.79)mm,支架长度(189.0±14.39)mm.1例病人术后第6天突然死亡,尸检证实为远端夹层破裂.体外循环组体外循环(132.0±24.00)min,主动脉阻断(49.18±12.09)min;支架直径(33.82±0.60)mm,支架长度(187.91±6.33)mm;1例病人术后5天CT发现纵隔积液,开胸探查证实为淋巴积液;1例病人术后12天死于呼吸衰竭及肾功能衰竭."杂交"体外循环组体外循环和主动脉阻断时间明显少于传统手术数组(P＜0.05);"杂交"手术者ICU天数明显少于传统手术组(P＜0.05);"杂交"手术者使用血制品量及费用也明显少于传统手术组(P＜0.05).全组随访12～20个月,平均(14.45±2.33)个月.随访者均生存且恢复正常生活,无明显不适.CT复查支架无移位及内漏.术后早期支架段假腔闭合率100%.术后3个月远端夹层无变化,部分病人远端夹层血栓形成.结论 一期"杂交"主动脉弓替换手术安全、有效,能较传统手术明显缩短手术时间,减少手术创伤,缩短住院天数,减少输血,取得满意的早期治疗效果;但中、远期疗效尚须进一步随访.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of one stage hybrid operation for aortic arch replacement and explore the indication. Methods From July,2009 to March,2010, 22 consecutive patients received one stage hybrid operation in our hybrid suite for aortic dissection or aortic aneurysm involving aortic arch. Two operative methods are used. (1)Bypass from ascending aorta to brachiocephalic arteries using midstemotomy and normothermia with antegrade aortic arch endovascular stented graft implantation. (2) Ascending aorta replacement and/or aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass grafting using midstemotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass with antegrade aortic arch endovascular stented graft implantation. Results All patients were technically successful. Angiography during the operation showed 100% patency of all the bypass grafts and no obvious translocation or endoleak of the stents. One patient in the first group died on sixth day after operation due to distal dissection rupture. There was one case of mediastinal lymph effusion in the second group and one case of death due to renal failure and respiratory failure 12 days after operation in the second group. The ICU stay and hospital stay were obviously shorter in hybrid open chest group than that in traditional open chest operation group(P ＜0.05). The blood product consumption and expenditure were also obviously less in hybrid open chest group than that in traditional open chest operation group (P ＜0.05). All the patients were followed up with a mean period of (14.45 ±2.33) months (range: 12 -20 months). All other patients were recovered with normal social life. CT showed neither endoleak nor translocation of the stented grafts. Faulse lumen closure rate at stented-graft segment is 100%. There was no obvious change of distal part of the dissection three months after operation except some thrombosis formation in some of the false lumen. Conclusion One stage hybrid operation for aortic arch replacement is safe and effective in shortening the duration of the operation and reducing the surgical trauma and risk of interval between procedures, shortening the hospital stay and reducing the blood product consumption compared with conventional operation with satisfactory early results. The midterm and long term results are still needed to be followed up.     

升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄

目的 探讨升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄的手术效果、随访结果并总结其临床经验.方法 2008年5月至2009年7月,应用升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄9例,其中男4例,女5例;平均年龄42.6岁.所有病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果.结果 术后均治愈出院.术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差36～63 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);术后24 h桡动脉足背动脉平均压差0～13 mm Hg,较术前明显缩小.随访1～13个月,术后上、下肢动脉平均压差均小于20 mm Hg,转流人工血管通畅,2例主动脉缩窄远端自体动脉部分闭塞.结论 升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术是治疗成人主动脉缩窄的有效手段.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical effects and follow-up results in treating adult aortic coarctation patients using ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass and summarize the clinical experiences. Methods From May 2008 to July 2009, ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass surgery was performed in nine patients with adult aortic coarctation, among which, four were male, and five were female, with the average age of 42.6 years old. All patients had upper extremity hypertension, the systolic blood pressure difference between their upper extremities and lower extremities was 55 - 100 mm Hg, mean (70.2 ± 15. 6) mm Hg. Among which, seven cases showed descending aorta aneurysmal dilatation at coarctation segment distal end, with the wall thinning; two cases showed long segment stenosis; three cases showed aortic wall near coarctation segment was calcified. All cases belonged to complex aortic coarctation. All patients underwent radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery puncture manometry, the surgical effects were evaluated according to mean pressure difference changes between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery before and after operations. Results All patients were cured and dispertension has been significantly improved, before operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 36 - 63 mm Hg, mean [(48.2 ± 5.6 ) mm Hg]; 24 hours after operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 0 - 13 mm Hg, mean [(6.2 ± 1.6) mm Hg], significantly reduced ( P ＜per extremity hypertension disappeared, no need for oral antihypertensive drugs, the mean pressure differences between upper extremities and lower extremities after operations were all less than 20 mm Hg, thoracoabodominal aorta main vessels multi-slice CT examination three months after operation showed that bypass vascular prosthesis was unobetructed, two cases showed that autologous artery at aortic coarctation distal end were partly occluded. Conclusion Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass would be an effective means for the treatment of adult aortic coarctation patients.     

Stanford A 型主动脉夹层手术中的主动脉根部处理

目的 总结Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中主动脉根部处理的临床经验.方法 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,对59例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人进行主动脉根部处理.Bentall手术31例,Wheat手术15例,David手术13例.结果 手术死亡1例(1.72%).术后一过性精神状态异常17例;术后感染2例,1例死亡;胸骨哆开1例;单侧下肢血供障碍1例,二期行股股分流术后恢复正常.出院前复查心脏彩超、主动脉CT血管成像及心电图,均正常.随访2～54个月,4例死于非心源性疾病,余者正常.结论 根据主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部的程度及主动脉根部基础病变,制定相应处理方案,可显著提高手安全性并改善预后.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of aortic root surgery in Stanford A aortic dissection operations.Methods From January 2005 to September 2010, the clinical data of 59 patients with Stanford A aortic dissection was analyzed. There were 43 men and 16 women , ranging in age from 21 to 74 years old, duration of disease varied from 16 hours to 27 days. Among the group, 31 complicated by aortic valve incompetence, 12 Marfan syndrome, 9 single lower limb blood supply dysfunction, 6 right coronary artery involvement. All cases received aortic root surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Bentall procedure was performed in 31 patients, Wheat procedure in 15 patients and David procedure in 13 patients.Results The time of cardiopulmonary bypass in the group was 149 to 204 min with an average of ( 171 ± 19) min,and the cross clamp time was 81 to 122 min with an average of (104 ±13) min, and the arrest time was 30 to 47 min with an average of (39 ±7) min. There was 1 case of operative death, which was treated on an emergency basis. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 cases. 17 cases experienced temporary mental dysfunction, 2 cases were infected with MRS A, 1 of which died from MODS, 1 case of single lower limb blood supply dysfunction remained after the first operation and recovered by reoperation (bilateral femoral bypass operation) . All cases were reexamined before discharge, postoperative mean LVEF was (56. 3 ±3.4)% (ranged 51% -62%), aortic annular diameter varied from 22 mm to 27 mm, aortic sinus diameter range from 23 mm to 31mm. 51 patients were followed up, with a mean follow-up time of (24.9 ± 17.2) months (ranged 2-54 months). 54 patients of Stanford A aortic dissection survived well with normal lives and activities. Four non cardiac deaths, one was chronic renal failure, the others were brain hemorrhage. Conclusion Prognosis and operative security of Stanford A aortic dissection patients can be significantly improved by individualized aortic root surgery.     

Emergency percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair for patients with traumatic thoracic aortic blunt injury: A single center experience

Purpose:To analyze the efficacy and outcome of percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)in patients with traumatic blunt aortic injury in our single-center.Methods:From January 2014 to December 2018,a total of 89 patients with traumatic blunt aortic injuries were treated with emergency TEVAR in our center.Their clinical data such as demographics,operative details and postprocedure outcomes were analyzed retrospectively in this study using SPSS 20 software.Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range.Categorical variables are expressed as the numbers and percentages of patients.Results:The median age of the patients was 37 years,and 76(85.4%)were males.All the patients were involved in violent accidents and combined with associated injuries.Two patients died while awaiting the operations and 87 patients underwent emergency percutaneous TEVAR,with a 100%technique success.The mean time interval from admission to operating room was(90.1±18.7)min,and the mean procedure time was(54.6±11.9)min.Eighty(92.0%)patients were operated on under local anesthesia,while other 7(8.0%)patients were under general anesthesia.Two cases underwent open repair of the femoral arteries because of the pseudoaneurysm formation of the access vessels.A total of 98 aortic covered stent grafts were deployed,of which 11 patients used two stent grafts(all in dissection cases).The length of the stent was(177.5±24.6)mm.The horizontal diameter of aorta arch at the proximal left subclavian artery ostium was(24.9±2.4)mm,the proximal diameter of the covered stent was(30.5±2.6)mm,and the oversize rate of proximal site was(22.7±4.0)%.The proximal landing zone length was(14.1±5.5)mm.The left subclavian artery ostium was completely covered in 5 patients and partially covered in 32 patients.No blood flow reconstruction was performed.The overall aortic-related mortality was 2.25%(2/89).Among 87 patients,the median follow-up time was 24 months.Postoperative computed tomography angiography scans demonstrated no residual pseudoaneurysm,hematoma or endoleak.One patient complained of mild left upper limb weakness during follow-up due to left subclavian artery occlusion.Neither late death,nor neurological or other complications occurred.Conclusion:Emergency percutaneous endovascular repair is a less invasive and effective approach for the treatment of traumatic blunt aortic injuries.Long-term results remain to be further followed.     

自体肺动脉补片主动脉弓成形治疗婴儿主动脉缩窄合并弓发育不良

目的 探讨缩窄段切除加自体肺动脉补片主动脉弓成形治疗婴儿主动脉缩窄合并主动脉弓发育不良的方法和效果.方法 2007年5月至2009年12月,14例主动脉缩窄合并主动脉弓发育不良病婴行主动脉缩窄段切除加自体肺动脉补片主动脉弓成形手术,其中男9例,女5例;年龄23天至17个月,中位值4.33月龄;平均体重(6.14±2.36)kg.所有病婴均诊断为合并室间隔缺损的主动脉缩窄,同时存在主动脉弓发育不良.手术在深低温体外循环下完成,其中8例采用选择性脑灌注技术,6例停循环.主动脉成形采用新鲜的自体肺动脉补片.同期修补合并的室间隔缺损.结果 围术期死于循环衰竭1例.13例生存,其中1例合并低心排血量综合征,经相应治疗恢复.术后超声心动图检查主动脉弓无残余梗阻.随访4个月至3年.超声心动图示主动脉弓压力阶差均<16 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),随访期间主动脉弓降部血流速度与出院时无明显变化.CT扫描显示主动脉弓几何构形正常;术后半年原左主支气管受压者症状明显改善或完全消失.无主动脉夹层动脉瘤发生.结论 缩窄段切除加自体肺动脉补片主动脉弓成形是治疗婴儿主动脉缩窄合并主动脉弓发育不良理想的手术方法.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the operative techniques and results of coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch for coarctation of the aorta combined with hypoplastic aortic arch in infant.Methods Between May 2007 and Dec 2009,14 cases including 9 males and 5 females with caorctation of the aorta and hypoplastic aortic arch underwent coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch in our hospital.The age ranged from 23 days to 17 months,with a median of 4.33 months.The mean body weight was (6.14 ±2.36) kg.All patients were diagnosed as aortic coarctation combined with VSD and hypoplastic aortic arch.The surgery was performed under deep hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion in 8 cases and circulation arrest in 6 cases.Fresh pulmonary autograft patch harvested from the main pulmonary artery was used for aortoplasty.The associated VSD was repaired in the same stage.Results All patients survived except one died from circulatory failure during the perioperative period.Low cardiac output syndrome occurred in another case who was cured afterwards by correspondent treatments.No residual obstruction was detected by echocar-diography after the operation.Follow-up was carried out in 13 cases from 4 months to 3 years.Echocardiographic examination showed that the pressure gradient across the aortic arch was less than 16 mm Hg in all cases.The blood velocity at the descending aortic arch was not significantly changed during the follow-up period as compared with that of the immediate after operation.Computed tomography showed that the morphology of aortic arch was normal.The left bronchus compression was relieved obviously or totally disappeared in patients who suffered from left bronchus stenosis before operation,and no aortic aneurysm were detected in these patients.Conclusion Conclusion Coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch is the optimal surgical method for treating coarctation of the aorta combined with hypoplastic aortic arch in infant.     

主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架在Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层外科治疗中的应用

目的 总结外科处理升主动脉加主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架置入治疗Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 对2010年1月至12月收治的14例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行升主动脉手术处理加主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架置入,其中男性12例,女性2例,年龄20～70岁,平均49岁.手术包括升主动脉置换术加支架置入4例,主动脉根部置换术(Bentall术)加支架置入5例,主动脉瓣置换加升主动脉置换术(Wheat术)加支架置入4例,主动脉瓣成形加升主动脉置换术加支架置入1例;其中6例为急诊手术.结果 平均心肺转流时间(186±38)min,心肌阻断时间(101±27)min,选择性脑灌注时间(39±11)min.无住院死亡病例;术后出现短暂性神志障碍1例,肢体活动障碍1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例,二次开胸手术1例,消化道出血1例,乳糜胸1例,治疗后均痊愈.出院前及出院后3个月内行大血管CT血管造影检查:升主动脉及弓部覆膜支架内血流通畅,主动脉弓段及降主动脉假腔缩小,主动脉管壁结构恢复.随访1～12个月,无晚期死亡及需要再次手术纠治血管病变者.结论 主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架置入的主要适应证为内膜破口位于升主动脉但需重建弓部形态的Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层.其同期结合手术处理升主动脉是治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的一种新手段.

Abstract：

Objective To sum up the experience of performing ascending aorta replacement combined triple-branched stent graft implantation for acute Standford type A aortic dissection. Methods From January 2010 to December 2010, 14 patients with acute Standford type A aortic dissection underwent the procedure of performing ascending aorta replacement combined triple-branched stent graft implantation.Right axiuary artery cannulation was used for cardiopulmonary bypass and selected cerebral perfusion.When the body temperature drops below 18 ℃, the ascending aorta was transected near the base of the innominate artery.From the incision, the triple-branched stent graft was implantated into the true lumen of the arch,descending aorta and the aorta bifurcation vessel. The transected stump of the ascending aorta was anastomosis to the proximal of the branched blood vessel prosthesis.Results Cardiopulmonary bypass time was (186 ±38) min,cross clamp time was (101 ±27) min,and average selective cerebral perfusion and lower body arrest time was ( 39 ± 11 ) min.The in-hospital mortality was zero.One patient of transient postoperative neurologic dysfunction, one of acute renal failure, one of transient limbs disturbance, one of secondary thoracotomy operation, one of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and one of postoperative chylothorax were observed.CT angiography rechecked showed the position of the vascular stent were satisfactory and the blood flow of arterial branches stents were lucid .The false lumen of the aortic arch and descending aorta closed with thrombus or shrinked.Conclusions The patients required aortic arch to be reconstructed which had no main tearing of intima in the arch may be best candidates for this technique.Open triple-branched stent graft placement combined ascending aorta replacement is an effective means for aortic arch reconstruction in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部病变处理决策

目的 总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部处理的临床经验,探讨选择手术时机、确定治疗方案和手术方式的重要性.方法 2005年8月至2010年8月对210例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层行弓部替换手术治疗.手术方式采用深低温停循环及顺行性脑灌注,半弓替换+支架象鼻手术92例;次全弓替换+支架象鼻手术50例;全弓替换+支架象鼻手术68例.术后随访,胸腹主动脉CT观察降主动脉假腔闭合情况.结果 全组体外循环(146±52)min,主动脉阻断(93±25)min,深低温停循环(35±14)min.主动脉弓部手术围手术期死亡10例(4.8%).术后18例(8.6%)发生并发症,主要包括急性肾功能不全、神经系统并发症、纵隔感染及急性呼吸功能衰竭.术后随访2～60个月,平均(27±18)个月.随访过程中无死亡,再次入院行降主动脉替换术1例.增强CT检查结果显示支架远端胸降主动脉假腔闭合率为74%.结论 主动脉弓部处理是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层治疗的重要手段.正确的决策对于提高手术的疗效有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality that requires surgical repair, on an emergency basis. The extent of aortic arch repair that should be carried out during emergency surgery of this type is controversial. This study was conducted to report clinical experience on aortic arch repair and determine surgical indication, optimal operative procedures and strategy for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Methods 210 consecutive patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection who underwent aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk into the descending aorta between August 2005 and August 2010. Surgical procedures included hemi-aortic arch replacement in 92 patients, subtotal aortic arch replacement in 50 patients and total aortic arch replacement in 68 patients. All operations were performed with the aid of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Enhanced computed tomography scanning was performed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes, particularly the fate of the false lumen remaining in the descending thoracic aorta by aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk during follow up. Results Average cardiopulmonary bypass time was (146 ±52) min. The average cross clamp time was(93 ±25)min and average selective cerebral perfusion and circulatory arrest time was(35 ±14)min. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4. 8% (10/210) and morbidity was 8. 6% ( 18/210). Postoperative complications included acute renal failure, stroke, mediastinitis and respiratory insufficiency. During the follow-up period [mean (27 ± 18) months, ranged 2 to 60 months], 1 patient underwent reoperation due to the descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was no late death. Follow-up enhanced CT scanning showed about 74% false lumens obliterated at the level of the distal border of the stent graft post operation. Conclusion Open aortic arch replacement is an effective approach and provides acceptable outcomes for type A acute aortic dissection. Optimal treatment strategy is the key factor to success in emergency surgical intervention.     

主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效评估

目的 评估主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效.方法 1996年8月至2009年11月,连续92例主动脉根部瘤手术中男56例,女36例;年龄14～77岁,平均(44.8±1.4)岁.合并主动脉夹层动脉瘤45例,中度以上主动脉瓣关闭不全72例,马方综合征47例.行经典Bentall术59例,纽扣法Bentall术13例,主动脉瓣悬吊术14例,用带主动脉窦人工血管作David Ⅰ术6例.结果 住院死亡8.7%,并发症率31.7%.随访期死亡18例,远期并发症12例.单变量分析术后并发症危险因素为男性、非马方综合征、同期手术、深低温停循环、主动脉阻断≥120 min和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml;住院死亡危险因素为紧急手术、同期手术、主动脉阻断≥120 min、主动脉夹层和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml.Logistic多因素回归分析认为同期手术和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml是并发症和住院死亡危险因素.所有病人1年、5年和10年生存率分别为(97.1±2.0)%、(88.1±4.7)%和(54.0±9.2)%,平均生存(9.9±0.6)年,95%可信区间8.7～11.0.结论 各种主动脉根部瘤手术安全、有效,早、中、长期结果较满意,提倡用纽扣法Bentall术,谨慎选择合适病人作主动脉根部重建术.

Abstract：

Objective Evaluate the outcome of aortic root reconstruction on the analysis of the risk factors influencing surgical results. Methods Between August 1996 and November 2009, 92 patients(56 men, 36 women) aged from 14 to 77years [mean (44.8 ±1.4) years] with aortic root aneurysm underwent aortic root reconstruction. 72 patients had over moderate aortic valve insufficiency. 47 patients suffered from Marfan syndrome. The aortic pathology was aortic dissection in 45. Bentall technique was used in 59 patients, the button technique in 13, the David I with the Valsalva graft in 6 patients and the aortic valve resuspension in 14 patients. Results The hospital mortality rate was 8.7%. The major complications 31. 7%. 18patients died during the period of follow-up. Late complications among 55 survivors were 12. Univariate predictors of the morbidity were the presence of male, non-Marfan, concomitant procedure, deep hypothermia cardiac arrest, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Risk facts for mortality were emergent or urgent operation, aortic dissection, concomitant procedure, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors of concomitant procedure and blood infusion were responsible for both morbidity and mortality. The overall long-term survival rate is (97.1 ±2.0)% at 1-year, (88.1 ±4.7)% at 5-year, (54.0 ±9.2)% at 10-year. The mean for survival time is (9.9 ±0.59) years, 95% confidence interval 8.70 -11.01. Conclusion The aortic root restitution procedures are safe and effective in general. The short and long-term outcome is satisfactory. The button technique is the first choice for reimplantation coronary patch. Valve-sparring aortic root reconstructions show promise in safety and applicability.     

一期次全或全主动脉替换术的中期随访结果

Objective To summarize the experience of one-stage total and subtotal aortic replacement for aneurysm evolving the entire aorta and show the midterm results of the operation. Methods From February 2004 to July 2008, 22 patients (17 men and 5 women, age ranged from 19 to 47 years old) underwent one-stage total or subtotal aortic replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. Seven patients received subtotal aortic replacement (from the aortic valve to the abdominal aorta). Fifteen patients underwent total aortic replacement (from the aortic valve to the aortic bifurcation). Patients were opened with a mid-stornotomy and a thoracoabdominal incision. First, the ascending aorta was replaced; following which the aortic arch was reconstructed. Finally, the thoracoabdominal aorta was fully replaced. Results Thirty-day mortality was 4. 5% (1/22). One patient died of multiple organ failure 11 days postoperatively. Two patients had cerebral infarction secondary to embolism. Spinal neurological deficits didn't occur. Twenty-one patients survived the operation and were followed up for 3 to 56 months (35.0±16. 9 months). There was no late death. One patient received aortic valve replacement due to aortic valve regurgitation one year after David and total aortic replacement.Conclusion One-stage total and subtotal aortic replacement is an effective operation for aneurysm evolving the whole length of the aorta with acceptable mortality and morbidity. Midterm follow-up showed satisfactory results.     

自体肺动脉补片主动脉弓成形治疗婴儿主动脉缩窄合并弓发育不良

Objective To discuss the operative techniques and results of coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch for coarctation of the aorta combined with hypoplastic aortic arch in infant.Methods Between May 2007 and Dec 2009,14 cases including 9 males and 5 females with caorctation of the aorta and hypoplastic aortic arch underwent coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch in our hospital.The age ranged from 23 days to 17 months,with a median of 4.33 months.The mean body weight was (6.14 ±2.36) kg.All patients were diagnosed as aortic coarctation combined with VSD and hypoplastic aortic arch.The surgery was performed under deep hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion in 8 cases and circulation arrest in 6 cases.Fresh pulmonary autograft patch harvested from the main pulmonary artery was used for aortoplasty.The associated VSD was repaired in the same stage.Results All patients survived except one died from circulatory failure during the perioperative period.Low cardiac output syndrome occurred in another case who was cured afterwards by correspondent treatments.No residual obstruction was detected by echocar-diography after the operation.Follow-up was carried out in 13 cases from 4 months to 3 years.Echocardiographic examination showed that the pressure gradient across the aortic arch was less than 16 mm Hg in all cases.The blood velocity at the descending aortic arch was not significantly changed during the follow-up period as compared with that of the immediate after operation.Computed tomography showed that the morphology of aortic arch was normal.The left bronchus compression was relieved obviously or totally disappeared in patients who suffered from left bronchus stenosis before operation,and no aortic aneurysm were detected in these patients.Conclusion Conclusion Coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch is the optimal surgical method for treating coarctation of the aorta combined with hypoplastic aortic arch in infant.     

自体肺动脉补片主动脉弓成形治疗婴儿主动脉缩窄合并弓发育不良

Objective To discuss the operative techniques and results of coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch for coarctation of the aorta combined with hypoplastic aortic arch in infant.Methods Between May 2007 and Dec 2009,14 cases including 9 males and 5 females with caorctation of the aorta and hypoplastic aortic arch underwent coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch in our hospital.The age ranged from 23 days to 17 months,with a median of 4.33 months.The mean body weight was (6.14 ±2.36) kg.All patients were diagnosed as aortic coarctation combined with VSD and hypoplastic aortic arch.The surgery was performed under deep hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass with selective cerebral perfusion in 8 cases and circulation arrest in 6 cases.Fresh pulmonary autograft patch harvested from the main pulmonary artery was used for aortoplasty.The associated VSD was repaired in the same stage.Results All patients survived except one died from circulatory failure during the perioperative period.Low cardiac output syndrome occurred in another case who was cured afterwards by correspondent treatments.No residual obstruction was detected by echocar-diography after the operation.Follow-up was carried out in 13 cases from 4 months to 3 years.Echocardiographic examination showed that the pressure gradient across the aortic arch was less than 16 mm Hg in all cases.The blood velocity at the descending aortic arch was not significantly changed during the follow-up period as compared with that of the immediate after operation.Computed tomography showed that the morphology of aortic arch was normal.The left bronchus compression was relieved obviously or totally disappeared in patients who suffered from left bronchus stenosis before operation,and no aortic aneurysm were detected in these patients.Conclusion Conclusion Coarctation resection plus aortoplasty with pulmonary autograft patch is the optimal surgical method for treating coarctation of the aorta combined with hypoplastic aortic arch in infant.     

Results of the open surgery after endoscopic basket impaction during ERCP procedure

AIM:To report the results of open surgery for patients with basket impaction during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) procedure.METHODS: Basket impaction of either classical Dormia basket or mechanical lithotripter basket with an entrapped stone occurred in six patients.These patients were immediately operated for removal of stone(s) and impacted basket.The postoperative course,length of hospital stay,diameter of the stone,complication and the surgical procedure of the patients were reported retrospectively.RESULTS: Six patients(M/F,0/6) were operated due to impacted basket during ERCP procedure.The mean age of the patients was 64.33 ± 14.41 years.In all cases the surgery was performed immediately after the failed ERCP procedure by making a rightsubcostal incision.The baskets containing the stone were removed through longitudinal choledochotomy with the stone.The choledochotomy incisions were closed by primary closure in four patients and T tube placement in two patients.All patients were also performed cholecystectomy additionally since they had cholelithiasis.In patients with T-tube placement it was removed on the 13 th day after a normal T-tube cholangiogram.The patients remained stable at postoperative period and discharged without any complication at median 7 d.CONCLUSION: Open surgical procedures can be applied in patients with basket impaction during ERCP procedure in selected cases.     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.     

Ross术后中远期主动脉瓣反流的危险因素分析

Objective To analyze the risk factors of the postoperative mid- and long-term aortic valvular regurgitation after ROSS procedure(pulmanary valve homograft transplantation). Methods Between March 1998 and July 2007,47 patients[25male, 22 female, mean age (13.31±5.79) years, ronge 1-34 years] with aortic valvular disease underwent the Ross procedure at our insti tution. There were 6 patients suffering fron rheumatic heart disease and 41 patients suffering from congenital heart disease. The aver age aortic blood flow velocity was (4.67±3.47) m/s, the average pressure gradient across aortic valve (88.26±58.06)mm Hg, LVEDD (45.53 ±10.78) mm, EF 0.69±0.08. All the patients were followed up in out-patient departement by ultrasonic cardio gram. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the risk factors of the postive aortic valvular regurgitation. Results There was no poetoperative death in hospital. The mean follow-up periods was (36.15±22.1) months, rasnge from 12 to 110 months and none long-dated death. Compared with the data recorded in hospital, the diamenters of the aortic sinus and aortic annu lus enlarged significantly, respectively from (26.16±5.10) mm to (32.37±6.84) tam and from (19.41 ～3.98) mm to (23.45± 5.86) mm. The average flow velocity d the homograft (new aortic valve) was(1.39±0.48) m/s, graclient pressure (8.17+6.16) mm Hg. Mild aortic regurgitstion was present in 5 patients (10.6%), moderate aortic tegmgitafion in 2 pmieats (4.3%) and aevere aortic regurgitation in 1 petient (2.1%). The rate of free from regurgitation was 82.9%. Multiple logistic analyses identified the per esence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years as the risk factors for posterative aortic regurg itation. Conclusion The Ross procedure is a safe and effective procedure with good clinical results in mid-and long-term follow-up. However, the presence of bicuspid aortic valve, enlargement of aortic annulus and age above 14 years preoperatively were identified as the risk factors for postoperative aortic regurgitation.