改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术在DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层术中的应用

目的 总结改良主动脉全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 2006年1月至2010年10月,101例DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者接受改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术,其中急诊手术73例.全组男性76例,女性25例;年龄21～77岁,平均(49±8)岁.手术包括升主动脉置换术31例、Bentall术29例、Wheat术7例、David术34例.支架象鼻术的同时行左锁骨下动脉开窗以重建血运.在深低温停循环时改行双侧顺行脑灌注下完成脑保护.结果 手术改良后平均心肺转流时间(212±40)min,平均心肌阻断时间(95±16)min,平均停循环时间(42±8)min.手术死亡1例,住院死亡5例,分别死于感染败血症、急性肾功能衰竭、偏瘫并发多器官功能衰竭.双侧脑灌注后脑血管意外和短暂脑神经功能障碍的发生率低于选择性脑灌注.76例患者出院前复查主动脉CT血管造影,人工血管无扭曲,血流通畅,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为78.9%.71例随访5～49个月,其中50例复查CT血管造影,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为88.0%,无晚期死亡及再次手术者.结论 改良的全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层安全、有效,可减少术后并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection. Methods From January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey Ⅰ aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of(49 ±8)years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion. Results The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(212 ±40)min, mean myocardial occlusion time was(95 ± 16)min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ±8)min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia,acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78. 9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery. Conclusions The modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部病变处理决策

目的 总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部处理的临床经验,探讨选择手术时机、确定治疗方案和手术方式的重要性.方法 2005年8月至2010年8月对210例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层行弓部替换手术治疗.手术方式采用深低温停循环及顺行性脑灌注,半弓替换+支架象鼻手术92例;次全弓替换+支架象鼻手术50例;全弓替换+支架象鼻手术68例.术后随访,胸腹主动脉CT观察降主动脉假腔闭合情况.结果 全组体外循环(146±52)min,主动脉阻断(93±25)min,深低温停循环(35±14)min.主动脉弓部手术围手术期死亡10例(4.8%).术后18例(8.6%)发生并发症,主要包括急性肾功能不全、神经系统并发症、纵隔感染及急性呼吸功能衰竭.术后随访2～60个月,平均(27±18)个月.随访过程中无死亡,再次入院行降主动脉替换术1例.增强CT检查结果显示支架远端胸降主动脉假腔闭合率为74%.结论 主动脉弓部处理是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层治疗的重要手段.正确的决策对于提高手术的疗效有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality that requires surgical repair, on an emergency basis. The extent of aortic arch repair that should be carried out during emergency surgery of this type is controversial. This study was conducted to report clinical experience on aortic arch repair and determine surgical indication, optimal operative procedures and strategy for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Methods 210 consecutive patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection who underwent aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk into the descending aorta between August 2005 and August 2010. Surgical procedures included hemi-aortic arch replacement in 92 patients, subtotal aortic arch replacement in 50 patients and total aortic arch replacement in 68 patients. All operations were performed with the aid of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Enhanced computed tomography scanning was performed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes, particularly the fate of the false lumen remaining in the descending thoracic aorta by aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk during follow up. Results Average cardiopulmonary bypass time was (146 ±52) min. The average cross clamp time was(93 ±25)min and average selective cerebral perfusion and circulatory arrest time was(35 ±14)min. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4. 8% (10/210) and morbidity was 8. 6% ( 18/210). Postoperative complications included acute renal failure, stroke, mediastinitis and respiratory insufficiency. During the follow-up period [mean (27 ± 18) months, ranged 2 to 60 months], 1 patient underwent reoperation due to the descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was no late death. Follow-up enhanced CT scanning showed about 74% false lumens obliterated at the level of the distal border of the stent graft post operation. Conclusion Open aortic arch replacement is an effective approach and provides acceptable outcomes for type A acute aortic dissection. Optimal treatment strategy is the key factor to success in emergency surgical intervention.     

升主动脉替换联合三分支支架血管术中置入治疗急性A型主动脉夹层

目的 总结升主动脉人工血管替换联合三分支支架血管术中置入治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的初步经验.方法 2008年6月至2009年9月20例急性A型主动脉夹层病人接受了升主动脉人工血管替换和三分支支架血管置入术.体外循环鼻咽温度降至20℃时,停止下半身灌注,经无名动脉近端升主动脉横断切口,将三分支支架血管置入主动脉弓和近端胸降主动脉真腔内,并将其分支支架血管依次置入左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉和无名动脉.将主干支架血管的近端与无名动脉近端的升主动脉切口重建后与替换近端升主动脉的人工血管端端吻合.结果 所有病人术中均顺利地置入三分支支架血管,平均体外循环(163.2±19.2)min,主动脉阻断(89.4±10.0)min,低流量选择性脑灌注和下半身缺血(32.7±6.6)min.术后出现短暂性神智障碍1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例.20例均治愈出院.术后3个月电子束CT检查结果示,主干支架血管及分支支架血管通畅、无扭曲;支架血管置入部位夹层假腔闭合;16例远端胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合.结论 三分支支架血管术中置入是简化急性主动脉夹层者主动脉弓重建、提高手术安全性的一种有效方法.主要适应证为弓内内膜无破口而需主动脉弓重建的急性A型主动脉夹层病人.支架血管大小、分支支架血管间的距离选择和放置过程中避免内膜损伤是术中三分支支架血管成功放置的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To report the primary experience of open placement of triple-branched stent graft for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods Between June 2008 and September 2009, 20 well-selected patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection underwent open placement of triple-branched stent graft for total arch reconstruction. When core cooling to a 20℃ nasophageal temperature, perfusion to the lower body was discontinued and the ascending aorta was transected at the base of the innominate artery. Through a transverse incision, the triple-branched stent graft was inserted into the true lumen of the arch and descending aorta, and each side arm of the stent graft was positioned one by one into the arch branches.The transected stump of the ascending aorta was reconstructed by inner proximal stent-free dacron tube of the main graft and outer teflon felt, and subsequently continuous anastomosis to the 1-branched dacron tube graft was made. Results Open placement of triple-branched stent graft was technically successful in all patients. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time and lower body arrest time were (163.2 ±19.2) min, (89.4 ±10.0) min and (32. 7 ±6. 6)min, respectively. Transient postoperative neurological dysfunction was observed in 1 patient and acute renal failure in 1 patient. All patients were discharged from the hospital. Their computed tomographic scans at 3 months postoperatively showed that all stent grafts were fully opened without distortion. In the vascular stent implantation site the dissected false lumen was eliminated. The false lumen of the descending aorta distal to the stent graft was closed with thrombus in 16 cases. Conclusion Open placement of triple-branched stent graft is a new effective technique for total arch reconstruction in acute type A aortic dissection. Patients have the indications of the extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta without primary intimal tears in the arch may be the best candidates for this new technique. The size of the stent graft, the distances between two neighboring side arm grafts and the prevention of the intimal trauma during the placement are crucial for successful open placement of triple-branched stent graft.     

主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架在Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层外科治疗中的应用

目的 总结外科处理升主动脉加主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架置入治疗Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 对2010年1月至12月收治的14例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行升主动脉手术处理加主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架置入,其中男性12例,女性2例,年龄20～70岁,平均49岁.手术包括升主动脉置换术加支架置入4例,主动脉根部置换术(Bentall术)加支架置入5例,主动脉瓣置换加升主动脉置换术(Wheat术)加支架置入4例,主动脉瓣成形加升主动脉置换术加支架置入1例;其中6例为急诊手术.结果 平均心肺转流时间(186±38)min,心肌阻断时间(101±27)min,选择性脑灌注时间(39±11)min.无住院死亡病例;术后出现短暂性神志障碍1例,肢体活动障碍1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例,二次开胸手术1例,消化道出血1例,乳糜胸1例,治疗后均痊愈.出院前及出院后3个月内行大血管CT血管造影检查:升主动脉及弓部覆膜支架内血流通畅,主动脉弓段及降主动脉假腔缩小,主动脉管壁结构恢复.随访1～12个月,无晚期死亡及需要再次手术纠治血管病变者.结论 主动脉弓三分支覆膜支架置入的主要适应证为内膜破口位于升主动脉但需重建弓部形态的Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层.其同期结合手术处理升主动脉是治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的一种新手段.

Abstract：

Objective To sum up the experience of performing ascending aorta replacement combined triple-branched stent graft implantation for acute Standford type A aortic dissection. Methods From January 2010 to December 2010, 14 patients with acute Standford type A aortic dissection underwent the procedure of performing ascending aorta replacement combined triple-branched stent graft implantation.Right axiuary artery cannulation was used for cardiopulmonary bypass and selected cerebral perfusion.When the body temperature drops below 18 ℃, the ascending aorta was transected near the base of the innominate artery.From the incision, the triple-branched stent graft was implantated into the true lumen of the arch,descending aorta and the aorta bifurcation vessel. The transected stump of the ascending aorta was anastomosis to the proximal of the branched blood vessel prosthesis.Results Cardiopulmonary bypass time was (186 ±38) min,cross clamp time was (101 ±27) min,and average selective cerebral perfusion and lower body arrest time was ( 39 ± 11 ) min.The in-hospital mortality was zero.One patient of transient postoperative neurologic dysfunction, one of acute renal failure, one of transient limbs disturbance, one of secondary thoracotomy operation, one of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and one of postoperative chylothorax were observed.CT angiography rechecked showed the position of the vascular stent were satisfactory and the blood flow of arterial branches stents were lucid .The false lumen of the aortic arch and descending aorta closed with thrombus or shrinked.Conclusions The patients required aortic arch to be reconstructed which had no main tearing of intima in the arch may be best candidates for this technique.Open triple-branched stent graft placement combined ascending aorta replacement is an effective means for aortic arch reconstruction in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.     

主动脉夹层手术后肝功能不全死亡的相关危险因素分析

目的 分析Stanford A型和B型主动脉夹层病人在深低温停循环(DHCA)下主动脉替换术后肝功能不全(HD)病人死亡的相关危险因素.方法 2006年1月至2008年6月在DHCA(鼻温降至18℃)下行主动脉替换术的主动脉夹层病人208例,术后出现HD 18例,其中男12例,女6例;年龄(43.2±11.2)岁.术前诊断主动脉夹层Stanford A型17例;Stanford B型1例.记录术后ICU停留时间、感染、脏器功能不全等并发症及结果.监测术后1周内血中谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素及乳酸脱氢酶水平,进行术后HD死亡的相关危险因素分析.结果 术后早期(＜7天)HD发生率为8.7%,其中7例病人死亡,占39%.HD死亡的相关危险因素包括:术后出血(P=0.049);急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)(P=0.049);多脏器功能不全(MOD)(P=0.004).其中术后出血(P=0.019)和MOD(P=0.001)是术后HD死亡的独立相关危险因素.结论 主动脉夹层术后肝功能不全的病人的病死率较高,术后出血及MOD导致术后肝功能不全病人死亡风险显著增加.

Abstract：

Objective There is a paucity of data regarding hepatic dysfunction (HD) following type A and B aortic dissection repair with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). We determine the incidence and outcomes for postoperative HD, and analyze the risk factors of death for HD. Methods Between January 2006 and June 2008, 208 patients have undergone open repairs of aortic dissection with DHCA. Indications for surgical intervention were type A aortic dissection in 181 patients and type B in 27 patients. 18 patients had postoperative hepatic dysfunction with abnormal hepatic enzyme and bilirubin.The mean patient age was 43 years and one third were women. Perioperative data including age, sex, type, surgery intervention, CPB time, aortic-clamp time and ICU retention time were collected. Complications were classified as bleeding, low cardiac output, acute renal failure, hypoxemia, infection, temporary neurologic dysfunction, multiple organ dysfunction and death.Serum GPT, LDH and TBIL were assayed and recorded before and after operation, as well as 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d. Risk factors for death of hepatic dysfunction were ascertained by univariate and multivariable analysis. Results The incidence of hepatic dysfunction within one week following surgery is 8.7%. The mortality associated with HD was 39% compared with 1.6% (P＜0.0001) in patients without HD. ICU retention time were significantly different (P＜0.001) between HD grorp (11.9days) and non-HD group (4.2days). In this group, intraoperative and postoperative 24 hours blood transfusion volume (PRBC) ＞20 U occurred in 6 patients, reopen for bleeding in 3 patients, low cardiac output in 6 patients, sepsis in 1 patients, acute renal failure in 7 patients, hypoxemia in 5 patients, severe infection in 2 patients, temporary neurologic dysfunction in 5 patients, multiple organ dysfunction in 10 patients. Bleeding( P = 0. 024 ), low cardiac output (P = 0. 024 ), acute renal failure ( P = 0. 024), MOD ( P = 0.002) are the risk factors of death for hepatic dysfunction. And independent determinants were bleeding (P= 0.019) and MOD ( P = 0.001 ). Conclusion Multiple risk factors impact the onset of postoperative hepatic dysfunction. Bleeding and MOD after aortic dissection surgical repairs were associated with an increased mortality.     

主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效评估

目的 评估主动脉根部瘤外科治疗危险因素和疗效.方法 1996年8月至2009年11月,连续92例主动脉根部瘤手术中男56例,女36例;年龄14～77岁,平均(44.8±1.4)岁.合并主动脉夹层动脉瘤45例,中度以上主动脉瓣关闭不全72例,马方综合征47例.行经典Bentall术59例,纽扣法Bentall术13例,主动脉瓣悬吊术14例,用带主动脉窦人工血管作David Ⅰ术6例.结果 住院死亡8.7%,并发症率31.7%.随访期死亡18例,远期并发症12例.单变量分析术后并发症危险因素为男性、非马方综合征、同期手术、深低温停循环、主动脉阻断≥120 min和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml;住院死亡危险因素为紧急手术、同期手术、主动脉阻断≥120 min、主动脉夹层和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml.Logistic多因素回归分析认为同期手术和术后第1天输血＞1500 ml是并发症和住院死亡危险因素.所有病人1年、5年和10年生存率分别为(97.1±2.0)%、(88.1±4.7)%和(54.0±9.2)%,平均生存(9.9±0.6)年,95%可信区间8.7～11.0.结论 各种主动脉根部瘤手术安全、有效,早、中、长期结果较满意,提倡用纽扣法Bentall术,谨慎选择合适病人作主动脉根部重建术.

Abstract：

Objective Evaluate the outcome of aortic root reconstruction on the analysis of the risk factors influencing surgical results. Methods Between August 1996 and November 2009, 92 patients(56 men, 36 women) aged from 14 to 77years [mean (44.8 ±1.4) years] with aortic root aneurysm underwent aortic root reconstruction. 72 patients had over moderate aortic valve insufficiency. 47 patients suffered from Marfan syndrome. The aortic pathology was aortic dissection in 45. Bentall technique was used in 59 patients, the button technique in 13, the David I with the Valsalva graft in 6 patients and the aortic valve resuspension in 14 patients. Results The hospital mortality rate was 8.7%. The major complications 31. 7%. 18patients died during the period of follow-up. Late complications among 55 survivors were 12. Univariate predictors of the morbidity were the presence of male, non-Marfan, concomitant procedure, deep hypothermia cardiac arrest, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Risk facts for mortality were emergent or urgent operation, aortic dissection, concomitant procedure, aortic cross clamp time and blood infusion. Multivariate analysis revealed risk factors of concomitant procedure and blood infusion were responsible for both morbidity and mortality. The overall long-term survival rate is (97.1 ±2.0)% at 1-year, (88.1 ±4.7)% at 5-year, (54.0 ±9.2)% at 10-year. The mean for survival time is (9.9 ±0.59) years, 95% confidence interval 8.70 -11.01. Conclusion The aortic root restitution procedures are safe and effective in general. The short and long-term outcome is satisfactory. The button technique is the first choice for reimplantation coronary patch. Valve-sparring aortic root reconstructions show promise in safety and applicability.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

A型主动脉夹层术后脑部并发症危险因素分析

Ohjective Retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neurological complications of 160 patients with type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical repalr using cerebral peffusion under deep hypothemia circulatory arrest and to sum the experience of cerebral protection. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006,160 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and DHCA. There were 106 male petients ond 54 female with age from 17 to 76 years old [mean, (56±13) years old]. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through axillary artery was performad for 131 patients and retrograde cerebra l perfusion (RCP) from superior caval vein for 29 patients. Emergency surgery was perfomed in 83(51.8%) patients who were suf- fered from acute type A dissection, and the others were chronic elective surgery. All the factors underwent univariaare and multivariate analysis. Results Mean cardionpulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (188± 57) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (36±16) minuties. Sixteen patieats died in hospital and the in-hospital mortality was 10.0%. Deaths were due to multiple argan fail- ure in 9 patients, respiratory failure in 2, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, bloeding in 2, aeptic shock in 1. Postoperative respirato- ry dysfunction were observed in 22 (13.7%) parley. Postoperative renal failure happened in 20(12.5%) patients. Postoperative low cardiac output appeared in 8(5.0%) patients. Penmanent neurological deficits occurred in 8(5.0%) petients. The preopertive renal dysfunction (OR= 11.71, P=0.005), coronary artery disease (OR= 7.35, P =0.035), eet～ml vasenlar disease (OR= 13.39, P=0.021) and postoperative low cardinc ontput (OR=22.21, P=0.008) were found robe the relative risk factor. Tran- sient neurological deficts(TND) were noted in 32 patients. Over seventy years old (OR=1.17, P=0.042) was the independent risk predictors. Surgery procedures, CPB time, cross-clamp time, cerebral perfusion time, methods for cerebral perfusion, filtration used or not, the esophageal temperature and the bladder temperature and the hematocrit (HCT) during CA did not significantly influence the cerebral outcomes.Conclusion In our experience, cerebral perfusion duration within the limits of safe time and the methods of cerebral perfusion did not influence the neurological outcomes which depended on the severity of the underlying disease and on the function of end-organs. Protection of all the end-organs would be helpful to the cerebral protection.     

急性主动脉夹层累及根部的外科治疗

目的探讨Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层累及根部的手术治疗策略。方法上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院自2005年1月至2010年12月,共62例Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层累及根部的患者接受手术治疗。根据对夹层近心端采用的不同手术处理方法分为3组,A组:28例,男20例、女8例,年龄(45.2±15.6)岁;行主动脉瓣交界悬吊+升主动脉置换术;B组:10例,男7例、女3例,年龄(44.6±14.9)岁;行部分窦部成形+升主动脉置换术;C组:24例,男17例、女7例,年龄(46.2±15.6)岁;行Bentall手术。比较分析3组患者的临床效果。结果围术期死亡6例,病死率为9.67%(6/62)。共随访54例,随访(27.3±15.7)个月。随访期间死亡2例,1例死亡原因不明,1例死于肺癌。A组1例患者术后6个月复查CT显示主动脉窦部假性动脉瘤。C组体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间明显较A组和B组长[(274±97)min vs.(194±65)min、(210±77)min,t=22.482,30.419,P=0.002,0.122;(150±56)min vs.(97±33)min、(105±46)min,t=12.630,17.089,P=0.000,0.034]。3组患者的住院死亡率(t=1.352,P=0.516)及围术期二次开胸、急性肾损伤、神经系统并发症发生情况差异无统计学意义(t=0.855,0.342,2.281;P=0.652,0.863,0.320)。结论针对急性主动脉夹层病变累及根部的手术治疗可以采用主动脉瓣交界悬吊+升主动脉置换术、部分窦部成形+升主动脉置换术和Bentall手术等方法,并各有其优缺点。掌握每种方法的手术指征,灵活运用,可以获得满意的临床效果。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层年轻患者的临床特点

目的分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层年轻患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2004年3月至2011年6月解放军总医院行外科手术治疗的Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者54例的临床资料,以40岁为界将患者分为两组:年轻患者组23例,男17例,女6例;年龄(34.2±6.3)岁;对照组31例,男27例,女4例;年龄(51.5±6.8)岁。分析两组患者临床和手术治疗特点。结果两组患者术中体外循环时间[(224.4±83.1)min vs.(215.0±88.0)min,t=0.39,P=0.69]和主动脉阻断时间[(152.3±60.8)min vs.(130.9±51.2)min,t=1.34,P=0.18]差异无统计学意义。与对照组相比,年轻患者组中先天畸形(包括马方综合征及主动脉瓣二叶畸形)的发生率较高[34.7%(8/23)vs.6.4%(2/31),χ2=5.27,P=0.02],年轻患者术后精神及神经系统并发症明显较低[4.3%(1/23)vs.32.2%(10/31),χ2=5.32,P=0.02],而两组院内死亡率差异无统计学意义[13.0%(3/23)vs.12.9%(4/31),χ2=0.15,P=0.69]。结论年轻Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者中,心血管危险因素较少,而主要为先天性疾病,手术方式更积极,术后精神及神经系统并发症发生率较低。     

主动脉夹层手术后肝功能不全发生的相关危险因素分析

目的 分析Stanford A型和B型主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环(DHCA)下主动脉替换手术后肝功能不全(HD)发生的相关危险因素.方法 收集2006年1月至2008年6月在DHCA(鼻温降至18 ℃)下行主动脉替换术的主动脉夹层病例208例,其中男性156例,女性52例,平均年龄(45±11)岁.术前诊断主动脉夹层Stanford A型181例,Stanford B型27例.记录患者的年龄、性别、术前合并症、术前心功能、主动脉夹层类型、手术类型、主动脉手术史、心肺转流时间、术中及术后24 h内的浓缩红细胞输入量.监测术前及术后1周内血谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、总胆红素及乳酸脱氢酶的水平.对术后HD发生的相关危险因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 该组病例术后早期(＜7 d)出现HD 18例(8.7%).术前血肌酐＞133 μmol/L(P＜0.01)、术前GPT＞40 U/L(P＜0.01)、急性夹层(P＜0.05)、心肺转流时间＞180 min(P＜0.05)、阻断时间＞100 min(P＜0.05)、术中及术后24 h内输注浓缩红细胞＞10单位(P＜0.01)是HD发生的相关危险因素.其中术前GPT＞40 U/L(P＜0.01)和术中及术后24 h内输注浓缩红细胞＞10单位(P＜0.01)是其独立危险因素.结论 主动脉夹层术后HD是多因素导致的并发症.术前GPT升高及术中、术后早期的大量输血是影响术后HD发生的主要原因.     

术中支架系统在主动脉夹层外科手术中的应用

目的 总结术中支架系统在主动脉夹层外科手术中应用的临床经验.方法 1 17例主动脉夹层病人,在深低温停循环下行含术中支架系统直视下置入的手术.Stanford A型50例中行Bentall+全弓+支架象鼻术(CRONUS术中支架系统直视下置入)28例,Wheat+全弓+支架象鼻术8例,升主动脉及全弓置换+支架象鼻术14例.Stanford B型67例均行支架象鼻术.结果 体外循环(159±31)min,主动脉阻断(95±23)min,脑灌注(27±8)min.住院死亡3例.发生一过性脑功能紊乱11例,脑血管意外6例,血管吻合口出血开胸止血5例,声音嘶哑2例,肾功能衰竭1例.术后CT均显示,术中支架系统位置良好,血流通畅,无内漏,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,未闭的降主动脉假腔血栓形成.结论 术中支架系统在主动脉夹层手术中的应用是安全、有效的.其能准确封闭血管内膜破口,实现血管壁的重建,简化手术,创伤小,并发症少,疗效确切.     

浅低温不停循环优先重建弓部血管结合术中支架阻断技术与传统孙氏手术的对比研究

目的:采用浅低温不停循环优先重建弓部血管结合术中支架阻断技术治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,并与传统孙氏手术进行比较,评估其效果和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月山东省临沂市人民医院心脏血管外科手术治疗的40例急性A型主动脉夹层患者的资料,其中21例在浅低温不停循环下,采用优先重建弓部血管结合术中支架阻断技术进行改良的孙氏手术治疗,19例采用传统的孙氏手术治疗。统计分析患者术中、术后的相关指标及并发症情况。结果:与传统的孙氏手术相比,改良组在术中阻断时间[(218.63±27.86)min比(101.52±17.23)min]、停循环时间[(1174.74±183.65)s比(43.19±8.32)s]、体外循环时间[(218.63±27.86)min比(194.19±24.25)min]、术后并发症(14次比6次)、术后呼吸机辅助时间[(72.89±45.57)h比(29.86±32.3)h]及围术期输血量[(1332.63±301.55)ml比(991.90±323.23)ml]等方面存在明显优势,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。手术后清醒时间方面,改良组优于传统组,但差异无统计学意义。结论:采用浅低温不停循环优先重建弓部血管结合术中支架阻断技术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层是安全、有效的,可以明显改善患者预后,减少并发症的发生。     

“改良”次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的总结和评价"改良"次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床疗效。方法 2009年12月至2011年1月,中国医科大学附属第一医院接收47例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行"改良"次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术,其中男35例,女12例;年龄29～86(57.9±16.0)岁。患者均依据术前主动脉计算机断层扫描动脉成像诊断分型,在深低温停循环选择性脑灌注下施行手术;近心端采用升主动脉置换术29例,Bentall手术11例,Wheat手术4例,David手术3例;同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)5例。结果体外循环时间(136±32)min,主动脉阻断时间(97±28)min,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(27±11)min。47例患者中住院期间死亡2例(4.25%,2/47),术后一过性精神障碍2例(4.25%,2/47),术后出现截瘫1例(2.12%,1/47),二次开胸止血4例。生存的45例患者均于出院前及术后6个月行主动脉3维CT血管造影(3D CTA)检查显示,降主动脉内支架血管膨胀良好,气管隆突及腹腔干平面真腔较术前明显扩大(P0.05);术后随访1～13个月,无因夹层进展需二次手术及动脉瘤破裂患者。结论 "改良"次全弓置换术加支架象鼻手术是治疗弓部三分支血管无破口的Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的方法,改良之处在于简化手术,缩短了手术时间、体外循环和深低温停循环时间,减少了手术相关并发症的发生;近期效果良好。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的总结A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验。方法回顾分析手术治疗68例StanfordA型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料。其中急性主动脉夹层45例,慢性主动脉夹层23例。采用中低温体外循环53例,深低温停循环(DHCA)和上腔静脉逆行灌注脑保护11例,DHCA加选择性脑灌注4例。急诊手术39例(其中紧急手术19例),择期手术29例。术式为升主动脉置换术7例,升主动脉加右半弓置换术6例,升主动脉加全弓置换术3例,升主动脉加全弓置换加术中支架置入术4例,Bentall手术34例,改良的Wheat术12例,同时行主动脉瓣成形术2例、二尖瓣成形1例。结果全组死亡5例(7%),其中急诊手术3例,急诊手术病死率8%(3/39);择期手术2例,择期手术病死率7%(2/29)。共随访58例,随访率92%(58/63),随访时间(37±22)个月(5~77个月),死亡4例,累积1,3和5年的生存率分别是100%,95%和86%。结论StanfordA型夹层的手术方式应根据内膜破口位置决定,正确的手术指征、技巧和脑保护是手术成功的关键。     

改良Bentall手术在StanfordA3型主动脉夹层治疗中的应用

目的总结改良主动脉根部置换手术（改良Bentall手术）j在Stanford A3型主动脉夹层（aortic dissection,AD）手术中的应用经验及其效果。方法2004年1月至2013年6月南京医科大学附属南京医院共对54例Stan-fbrd A3型主动脉夹层（根据孙立忠的主动脉夹层细化分型原则）患者施行了主动脉根部置换手术,其中男41例、女13例,年龄21～73岁;Bentall手术12例,Bentall＋右半弓置换手术14例,Bentall＋全弓置换＋支架象鼻手术28例。根据手术方式不同,将54例患者分为两组,A组：36例,主动脉根部置换施行传统Bentall手术;B组：18例,主动脉根部置换施行改良Bentall手术,即在传统Bentall手术的基础上,对窦部直径小于45mm、冠状动脉开口移位不明显的患者采用“城门洞”法冠状动脉开口吻合技术。比较两组患者的术后转归和并发症发生情况。结果两组患者的年龄、性别比率差异无统计学意义。A组窦部直径明显大于B组[（52．11±3．62）mm vs．（40．72±2．67）mm,P=0.000],差异有统计学意义;两组患者的手术时间、体外循环时间、术中深低温停循环时间、术后胸腔引流量和住ICU时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后死亡4例,其中A组2例,B组2例,两组住院死亡率差异无统计学意义[5．56％（2／36）VS．11．11％（2／18）,P=0．462];2例因无法控制的渗血、1例因腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤破裂、1例因急性肺梗塞死亡。随访48例,随访时间3个月,失访2例。随访期间有48例患者复查CTA（computed tomography angiography）,主动脉根部未见假性动脉瘤形成,冠状动脉开口未见动脉瘤或狭窄。结论主动脉夹层累及主动脉根部时需要行主动脉根部置换手术,对于窦部直径小于45mm、冠状动脉开口移位不明显的患者,可以施行改良Bentall手术,即“城门洞”法冠状动脉开口吻合技术,其技术简?