乌丹醒肝颗粒对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的影响

目的研究乌丹醒肝颗粒对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的影响.方法将大鼠灌胃给予56°红星二锅头,制备急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型;末次给药后测定血清ALT、AST、MDA、GSH-PX及肝匀浆中SOD、MDA、GSH-PX等各项指标含量计算肝系数.结果乌丹醒肝颗粒中剂量对造模大鼠血清ALT升高有显著降低作用,对造模大鼠血清GSH-PX活性降低有显著的升高作用;乌丹醒肝颗粒对造模大鼠血清AST升高有降低作用;乌丹醒肝颗粒大剂量对造模大鼠肝组织MDA水平升高有显著且呈剂量依赖性的降低作用;乌丹醒肝颗粒大、中、小剂量可以显著提高造模大鼠肝组织GSH-PX和SOD活性.结论乌丹醒肝颗粒对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有较好的治疗作用,为其临床用药提供了药效学基础.     

降酶口服液对急性肝损伤保护作用的药效学研究

目的观察降酶口服液对D-氨基半乳糖所致肝损伤的保护作用。方法动物随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性药对照组和高、低剂量给药组,连续给药5d后腹腔注射D-氨基半乳糖800mg·kg-1,观察40h后给予D-氨基半乳糖各组的肝脏指数、血清ALT、AST及病理组织学的变化,比较组间差异的显著性。结果与模型组相比用药各组的肝脏指数较低,血清转氨酶升高不明显,病理学显示用药各组的肝细胞变性、坏死明显轻于模型对照组。结论降酶口服液能阻止D-氨基半乳糖造成的肝脏指数增加,降低转氨酶,减轻肝脏病理损害,对实验性急性肝损伤有明显保护作用。     

Kupffer cell‐mediated exacerbation of methimazole‐induced acute liver injury in rats

Methimazole (MTZ), an anti‐thyroid drug, is known to cause liver injury in humans. It has been demonstrated that MTZ‐induced liver injury in Balb/c mice is accompanied by T helper (Th) 2 cytokine‐mediated immune responses; however, there is little evidence for immune responses associated with MTZ‐induced liver injury in rats. To investigate species differences in MTZ‐induced liver injury, we administered MTZ with a glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor, L‐buthionine‐S,R‐sulfoximine (BSO), to F344 rats and subsequently observed an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which are associated with hepatic lesions. The hepatic mRNA expression of innate immune‐related genes significantly increased in BSO‐ and MTZ‐treated rats, but the change in Th2‐related genes was not much greater than the change observed in the previous mouse study. Moreover, an increase in Kupffer cells and an induction of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) proteins were accompanied by an increase in Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, indicating that Kupffer cell activation occurs through HMGB1‐TLR4 signaling. To elucidate the mechanism of liver injury in rats, gadolinium chloride, which inactivates the function of Kupffer cells, was administered before BSO and MTZ administration. The gadolinium chloride treatment significantly suppressed the increased ALT, which was accompanied by decreased hepatic mRNA expression related to innate immune responses and ERK/JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, Kupffer cell‐mediated immune responses are crucial factors for the exacerbation of MTZ‐induced liver injury in rats, indicating apparent species differences in the immune‐mediated exacerbation of liver injury between mice and rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷对小鼠急性凋亡性肝损伤的效应

目的探讨二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)对氨基半乳糖(GalN)/细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠急性凋亡性肝损伤的作用及其分子机制。方法设置生理盐水(NS)组、GalN/LPS组、PDTC+GalN/LPS组和PDTC组。每组10只小鼠被用于观察LPS处理后72h内的动物死亡情况;每组6只小鼠经LPS处理后1.5h被取血、处死并留取肝脏,用RT-PCR检测肝脏组织TNF-αmRNA表达水平,用EMSA分析肝脏NF-κB结合活性,每组12只小鼠于LPS处理后8h取血、处死并留取肝脏,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活力,用TUNEL技术检测肝脏细胞凋亡,并对肝组织切片行常规HE染色。结果GalN/LPS共处理升高小鼠血清ALT活力;肝脏组织病理学检查发现,GalN/LPS组小鼠肝脏严重充血、坏死并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润,肝脏组织TUNEL阳性细胞增多;在GalN/LPS共处理72h内有90%小鼠发生死亡,所有死亡小鼠均伴有肝脏严重充血。PDTC预处理抑制GalN/LPS诱导的肝脏NF-κB激活和TNF-α表达,但PDTC预处理反而加重GalN/LPS引起的小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡、进一步升高血清ALT活力、加重肝脏充血和坏死并加速小鼠死亡。结论NF-κB抑制剂PDTC通过抑制肝脏实质细胞NF-κB介导的抗凋亡机制加重GalN/LPS诱导的小鼠急性凋亡性肝损伤。