单切口经脐腹腔镜减重手术

目的近来,人们将单一切口腹腔镜胃减重手术的方法,视为除经自然腔道内镜手术之外的另一种选择。单一切口经脐腹腔镜胃减重手术的优势在于能隐藏手术瘢痕,获得较好的美容效果。然而,由于器械操作空间有限及肝脏牵引困难,此项技术一直受到很大限制,仅被认为适用于简单胃减重手术。本研究中,通过采用特殊技术和操作以期改善手术的安全及有效性,使其应用于更广泛的领域。方法自2008年12月起,我院采用LST装置（liver-suspension tape）及′Ω形脐孔成形术成功开展单一切口经脐胃减重手术。至2009年7月,共完成40例患者45例次手术,包括5例次胆囊切除术,2例胃束缚带放置,6例次胃袖状切除,32例次Roux-en-Y胃转流术（Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,RYGB）,记录术后住院天数及并发症情况。结果平均手术时间89.9min,平均术后住院1.15d。无一例发生术中或术后并发症,无死亡病例。所有病人均满意手术的美容效果。结论采用本技术施行单一切口经脐胃减重手术是安全、可行的,有进一步推广应用于更多外科手术的价值。     

经脐单切口腹腔镜胃大部切除治疗胃、十二指肠溃疡

2010年11月～2011年1月我科对3例胃、十二指肠溃疡疑有恶变,幽门狭窄造成梗阻的患者行经脐单切口腹腔镜胃大部切除术,手术时间分别为250、280、350 min,术中出血量分别为150、200、300 ml,无术后出血、吻合口漏及吻合口梗阻等并发症发生。分别于术后7、8、7 d出院。术后切口愈合良好。3例分别随访7、8、9个月,患者无腹痛、呕吐等症状出现。经脐单切口腹腔镜胃大部切除术治疗良性消化性溃疡安全、可行,有良好的美容效果。     

经脐单切口腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术1例报告

<正>患者女,43岁,体重90 kg,身高167 cm,腹围112 cm,体重指数32.3 kg/m2,超重29.7 kg;伴有运动后气促、胸闷,双下肢水肿及关节疼痛,无腹部手术史、糖尿病及高血压。决定行经脐单切口腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(single-incision transumbili-cal laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,SITU-LRYGB)。术前经充分准备,于2009年8月12日在气管插管全身麻醉下行SI-TU-LRYGB(图1)。患者取大字平卧位,脐下做3.0 cm弧形切口,逐层切开皮肤、皮下、腹直肌前、后鞘及腹膜,穿刺两枚12 mm Trocar、1枚5 mm Trocar,分别为主、辅操作孔(图2)。缝合固定Trocar,注入CO2建立气腹,压力维持在12 mmHg,置入     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与经典腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效比较

目的 比较经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊胆囊切除术(TU-LESS)与经典腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的手术效果.方法 对我院2009年5月至2010年6月间经筛选符合纳入标准的66例患者随机分为两组,33例行TU-LESS,33例行LC,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中并发症、术后排气、术后镇痛药物应用、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、切口感染、术后住院时间等多项指标.结果 TU-LESS组在术后排气、术后镇痛药物应用、术后胃肠功能恢复时间及术后住院时间等明显优于LC组(P<0.01),但手术时间LC组明显长于TU-LESS组(P<0.01),两组在切口感染、术中出血量及术中并发症方面无明显的差异(P>0.05).结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜手术,具有传统腹腔镜手术的优点,术后疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短、更加微创的技术及无疤痕效果是传统腹腔镜手术不具备的,但因TU-LESS手术难度较LC明显增高,故早期开展手术时间明显延长,且术前需经过严格的筛选,以保证手术的安全性.     

经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术的比较

目的比较微型腔镜下经脐单切口胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的临床效果,探讨应用常规器械行经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除的可行性。方法 2010年6～11月60例胆囊良性疾病按手术日分为2组,由同一手术组医师分别施行经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除术与传统LC,前者除换用3 mm尿道镜外,余均使用同样的设备和操作器械,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症、总住院费用及术后住院时间。结果 2组均完成胆囊切除,无中转开腹手术,术后无并发症发生。传统组手术时间（47.7±21.6）min明显短于单切口组（62.6±30.6）min（t=2.179,P=0.033）,2组术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、总住院费用及术后住院时间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 微型腔镜下单切口胆囊切除术可行,不仅具有传统LC的优点,还具有切口隐蔽性好,更好的美容效果等特点。     

经脐单切口腹腔镜治疗胃间质瘤的不同手术方式选择

目的总结针对不同肿瘤直径、不同部位的胃间质瘤在经脐单切口腹腔镜下的处理方法。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2014年2月期间于我院接受经脐单切口腹腔镜手术治疗的34例胃间质瘤患者的一般资料、术中处理及术后恢复情况。结果本组34例患者均顺利完成经脐单切口腹腔镜手术,其中行胃楔形切除27例,远端胃大部切除6例,远端胃大部切除联合脏器切除1例。所有肿瘤切除完整,平均肿瘤大小3.4 cm(0.6~10.0 cm)。危险度分级为极低危险度9例,低危险度17例,中危险度6例,高危险度2例。肿瘤位于胃底部9例,胃大弯侧6例,胃小弯侧7例,胃前壁2例,胃后壁2例,贲门下方3例,胃窦部4例,肿瘤侵袭周围脏器1例。全组术中无中转为多孔及开腹手术病例。除1例患者术后出现腹腔内出血及1例患者出现切口感染外,其余患者术后恢复顺利。全组无吻合口漏及梗阻病例发生。所有病例目前随访3~49个月,平均25个月,随访期间未见复发及死亡病例。结论根据本组有限的病例资料初步得出,经脐单切口腹腔镜治疗胃间质瘤安全、可行,需要根据肿瘤大小及位置选择合适的手术方式。     

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗肥胖症

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,LRYGB）治疗肥胖症由Wingrove等于1994年首先报告，我们于2004年6月开展了国内第1例此项手术，至2004年8月共完成5例，现报告如下。     

单切口经脐三角腹腔镜150例手术经验总结

目的:腹腔镜手术因取出标本而留下的手术瘢痕,影响到切口美容效果,导致切口周围感觉、运动障碍。单切口经脐三角腹腔镜(single-incision triagulated umbilicus surgery,SITUS)技术已成功应用于多种腹部外科手术,与传统腹腔镜技术相比,在皮肤美容效果上具有优势,操作便利度和学习曲线基本相同。本研究旨在总结150例SITUS手术患者的临床资料,探讨SITUS技术在腹腔脏器切除手术的可行性、安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年8月—2020年9月我院实施的150例SITUS泌尿外科手术,总结分析手术时间、术中失血量、术后留置引流管时间、术后住院天数、患者瘢痕评估问卷(PSAQ)评分等临床数据。结果:150例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术或传统腹腔镜手术,所有手术标本自脐部新月形切口拉伸后取出。腹腔内手术结束后,向心性缝缩切口,术后美容效果满意。围手术期未发生ClavienⅢ级以上并发症。结论:SITUS手术方式进行腹盆腔脏器切除手术安全可行,术后瘢痕可隐藏于脐周围。尤其对于大体积标本切除患者,SITUS除了具有美容优势,还具有功能恢复上的优势。     

单切口经脐三角腹腔镜150例手术经验总结

目的:腹腔镜手术因取出标本而留下的手术瘢痕,影响到切口美容效果,导致切口周围感觉、运动障碍。单切口经脐三角腹腔镜(single-incision triagulated umbilicus surgery,SITUS)技术已成功应用于多种腹部外科手术,与传统腹腔镜技术相比,在皮肤美容效果上具有优势,操作便利度和学习曲线基本相同。本研究旨在总结150例SITUS手术患者的临床资料,探讨SITUS技术在腹腔脏器切除手术的可行性、安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年8月—2020年9月我院实施的150例SITUS泌尿外科手术,总结分析手术时间、术中失血量、术后留置引流管时间、术后住院天数、患者瘢痕评估问卷(PSAQ)评分等临床数据。结果:150例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术或传统腹腔镜手术,所有手术标本自脐部新月形切口拉伸后取出。腹腔内手术结束后,向心性缝缩切口,术后美容效果满意。围手术期未发生ClavienⅢ级以上并发症。结论:SITUS手术方式进行腹盆腔脏器切除手术安全可行,术后瘢痕可隐藏于脐周围。尤其对于大体积标本切除患者,SITUS除了具有美容优势,还具有功能恢复上的优势。     

经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术：单中心500例手术经验

目的总结经脐单切口腹腔镜胆囊切除术（single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy,SILC）的临床经验。方法 2009年5月～2011年8月行SILC 500例。术中经脐部切口置入1枚10 mm trocar及2枚5 mm trocar,3枚trocar呈倒三角形方式排列。利用超声刀经胆囊后三角入路逆行切除胆囊。结果 1例因术中发现存在副肝管中转为四孔法,1例因术中出血不易控制中转三孔法,其余SILC手术均获成功,手术时间（51.4±20.1）min。术中出血量中位数10 ml（5～100 ml）,胃肠蠕动功能恢复时间（2.0±0.8）d。1例术后出现毛细胆管胆汁漏,经保守治疗痊愈;1例术后出现肝床渗血,二次手术治愈。随访1～3个月,发生并发症的2例痊愈,无其他并发症发生;2例切口处皮下血肿,经保守治疗后愈合,其余患者无出血、胆漏、切口疝等并发症发生,术后恢复良好,手术瘢痕隐蔽。结论 SILC安全有效,且具有创伤小、美容效果好等优点。在严格选择病例、掌握适应证及操作原则后,可逐渐学习并掌握,便于广泛开展。     

Acute Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis Following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background and Objectives:

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis has not been previously reported as a complication following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Methods:

The authors present 3 cases from a single-center experience of over 1500 patients as well as a review of the literature.

Results:

The presenting symptoms are nonspecific, and the diagnosis is often made after infarction of the intestine has occurred. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for timely diagnosis and treatment. A computed tomography scan combined with diagnostic laparoscopy are the gold standard diagnostic tests, and early anticoagulation is the optimal treatment. Diagnostic laparoscopy is essential to evaluate the degree of bowel ischemia and the need for resection.

Conclusion:

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication that requires early exploration and anticoagulation.     

Internal Hernias and Nonclosure of Mesenteric Defects During Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background  Internal hernias have been described after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) as a major problem. Thus, many routinely close defects during LRYGB. In our technique, we do not close any defects. We hypothesize that not closing the defects would not cause a significant internal hernia rate diagnosed during reoperations. Methods  Patients who were reoperated after LRYGB were included in this study. Only patients who had a laparoscopic or open exploration focused on inspecting for internal hernias are reported here. The LRYGB technique that was utilized included an antecolic, antegastric gastrojejunostomy, minimal division of the small bowel mesentery, a long jejunojejunostomy performed with three staple lines, adequate division of the omentum, and placement of the jejunojejunostomy above the colon in the left upper quadrant. Results  There were a total of 387 patients who had LRYGB from 2002 to 2007 utilizing this particular technique. Fifty-four patients had a reoperation at an average of 24 (Range: 1–60) months postoperatively. The procedures were abdominoplasty, cholecystectomy, diagnostic laparoscopy, and lysis of adhesions. While two patients had a defect present, no patient had an internal hernia despite aggressive attempts to diagnose one. Conclusions  Internals hernias are not common after our particular method of LRYGB. Before adopting and advocating routine closure, surgeons should consider the surgical technique and the true associated incidence of internal hernias. We do not recommend routine closure of these defects with our technique. Presented in part at International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity annual meeting; August 2006; Sydney, Australia.     

Management of Anastomotic Leaks After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background Anastomotic leaks after bariatric surgery carry high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe our experience of the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass in a single institution. Methods Of 1,200 patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with manual gastrojejunal anastomosis for morbid obesity from January 2002 to January 2007, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients with anastomotic leak. The location of the leak, day of diagnosis, diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations, treatment modalities, associated complications, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. Results Leaks were located as follows: 67.8% in the gastrojejunostomy, 10.2% in the gastric pouch, 3.4% in the excluded stomach, 5.1% in the jejunojejunal anastomosis, 3.4% in the gastrojejunostomy plus pouch, 3.4% in the pouch plus excluded stomach, and 6.8% in undetermined sites. Routine upper gastrointestinal series revealed contrast extravasation in nine patients (15.3%). Leaks were asymptomatic at diagnosis in 29 patients (49.2%). Surgical reintervention was carried out in 23 patients, and conservative treatment was provided in the remaining 36. Transfer to the intensive care unit was required in 11 patients, with five deaths (0.4%). Conclusion In our experience, most anastomotic leaks can be managed with conservative measures alone. In many patients, abdominal drains are effective in the management of leaks, obviating the need for reintervention. Nasoenteral nutrition was effective in the non-operative management of gastrojejunal leaks in patients without signs of systemic toxicity.     

Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Retrocolic versus Antecolic Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background Since 1994, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) has gained popularity for the treatment of morbid obesity. In analogy to open surgery, the operation was initially performed in a retrocolic fashion. Later, an antecolic procedure was introduced. According to short-term studies, the antecolic technique is favorable. In this study, we compared the retrocolic vs the antecolic technique with 3 years of follow-up. We hypothesized that the antecolic technique is superior to the retrocolic in terms of operation time and morbidity. Methods 33 consecutive patients with retrocolic technique and 33 patients with antecolic technique of LRYGBP were compared, using a matched-pair analysis. Data were extracted from a prospectively collected database. The matching criteria were: BMI, age, gender and type of bypass (proximal or distal). The end-points of the study were: operation time, length of hospital stay, incidence of early and late complications, reoperation rates and weight loss in the followup over 36 months. Results In the retrocolic group, operation time was 219 min compared to 188 min in the antecolic group (P = 0.036). In the retrocolic group, 3 patients (9.1%) developed an internal hernia and 4 patients (12.1%) suffered from anastomotic strictures. In the antecolic group, 2 patients (6.1%) developed internal hernias and in 3 patients (9.1%) anastomotic strictures occurred. Median hospital stay in the retrocolic group was 8 days compared to 7 days in the antecolic group. In the antecolic group, the mean BMI dropped from 46 kg/m2 to 32 kg/m2 postoperatively after 36 months. This corresponds to an excess BMI loss of 66%. In the retrocolic group, we found a similar decrease in BMI from preoperative 45 kg/m2 to 34 kg/m2 after 36 months (P = 0.276). Conclusion The results of our study demonstrate a reduction of operation time and hospital stay in the antecolic group compared to the retrocolic group. No differences between the two groups were found regarding morbidity and weight loss. Taken together, the antecolic seems to be superior to the retrocolic technique.     

Intestinal Malrotation Discovered at the Time of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Four morbidly obese women who met the NIH criteria for bariatric surgery had laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At operation, each was found to have intestinal malrotation. Two cases were completed laparoscopically, and two were converted to open operation because of difficulty defining the anatomy. All four operations were successful with no immediate complications and patients tolerated the procedures well. We present the four cases and offer recommendations should this unusual congenital defect be discovered at the time of laparoscopic gastric bypass.     

Open vs Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Comparison of Operative Morbidity and Mortality

Background: Open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has proven to be an effective method for weight control for the morbidly obese patient. With technologic and surgical skill advancement in the application of laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic RYGBP has also been found to be of value in surgical control of obesity. Risk/benefit ratios in comparison of the 2 methods are undergoing definition by experience. Methods: 779 patients who underwent RYGBP between March 1, 2000 and June 30, 2002 were evaluated retrospectively. 328 patients underwent laparoscopic RYGBP (Group A) and 451 underwent open RYGBP (Group B). All charts and hospital records of these patients were reviewed. Questionnaires were mailed to all patients who had undergone RYGBP. Follow-up was 5-29 months. Results: 89 patients in Group A and 162 patients in Group B experienced significant morbidity. There were no surgical deaths in Group A and one surgical death in Group B.Weight loss profiles were the same. Significant differences in morbidity were noted with respect to gastrojejunal stenosis (Group A = 11.6%, Group B = 4.7%, P=.0012), occurrence of ventral incisonal hernia (A=0%, B=10%, P<.00013), and wound problems (abdominal wall hematoma A=1.5%%, B=0%, P=.013; wound infection A=1.2%, B=6.2%, P=.00037). Gastrojejunal perforation was not significantly different (A=1.5%, B=0.89%, P=.50), as was true of small bowel obstruction (A=2.7%, B=3.3%, P=.68). Conclusions: Each operative approach has associated problems.Wound care problems and ventral hernias are more common in Group B (open) and anas tomotic stenoses are more common in Group A (laparoscopic). Anastomotic leaks and small bowel obstruction are troublesome but not statistically different in occurrence.     

An Unusual Suspect: Coconut Bezoar After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Nausea and vomiting after gastric bypass are common, but some of the underlying causes may be life threatening or, in some cases, unusual. This case report describes a patient who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and whose postoperative course was complicated by a bezoar in the gastric pouch. To our knowledge, this is the first published report addressing a coconut bezoar in the gastric pouch after gastric bypass surgery. Coconut (cocos nucifera) is known to form emulsions and suspensions, properties likely to have contributed to this patient’s condition. Nutritional counseling should be an ongoing process in the postoperative care of gastric bypass patients in an effort to prevent serious complications that may arise from dietary indiscretions.     

Intussusception Complicating Pregnancy following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most common bariatric surgical procedure in the USA in women of reproductive age. A pregnant patient presented with nonspecific upper abdominal pain and nausea, suggesting an internal hernia. At surgery, an intussusception was identified and reduced without complications. Obstetricians should be familiar with late serious complications of bariatric surgery.