丙泊酚配伍舒芬太尼与顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导对眼内压的影响

目的 观察丙泊酚配伍不同剂量舒芬太尼与顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导气管插管时对眼内压(IOP)的影响.方法 无眼疾鼻内窥镜手术患者45例,随机均分为三组.全麻诱导药物配方:A组舒芬太尼0.3 μg/kg+丙泊酚2 mg/kg+顺式阿曲库铵0.1mg/kg,B组舒芬太尼0.2μg/kg+ 丙泊酚2 mg/kg+顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,C组舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg+丙泊酚2 mg/kg+顺式阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg,诱导后行气管插管.记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、1 min(T3)、2 min(T4)、3 min(T5)时的IOP和MAP.结果 与T0时比较,T1时三组IOP、MAP均明显下降(P＜0.01).T2时三组IOP、MAP均明显高于T1时(P＜0.01),且A、B组显著低于C组(P＜0.01).T3～T5时A、B组IOP、MAP明显低于C组(P＜0.01),A组MAP明显低于B组(P＜0.01).结论 丙泊酚配伍0.2或0.3μg/kg舒芬太尼与顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导气管插管可以维持较低的IOP.     

不同剂量喷他佐辛用于全麻诱导气管插管反应

目的 对比研究喷他佐辛不同剂量与舒芬太尼用于全麻诱导的气管插管反应.方法 选择腹腔镜手术患者100例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为四组:Ⅰ组喷他佐辛0.5 mg/kg,Ⅱ组喷他佐辛0.75 mg/kg,Ⅲ组喷他佐辛1.0 mg/kg,Ⅳ组为舒芬太尼0.4 μg/kg,各组药物分别静注4min后行全麻诱导.诱导后四组BIS值降到60以下时行气管插管.观察记录诱导前(T1)、诱导后3min(T2)、插管即刻(T3)、插管后3 min(T4)的BIS值、MAP、HR、SpO2的变化.结果 四组患者T2～T4时BIS均明显低于T1时(P<0.05).T3时Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的MAP明显高于、HR明显快于T1时和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);T3时Ⅰ组MAP明显高于、HR明显快于Ⅲ组(P<0.05).结论 1.0 mg/kg喷他佐辛用于全麻气管插管诱导期间血流动力学较0.5 mg/kg稳定,但不如舒芬太尼0.4 μg/kg稳定.     

舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合丙泊酚对喉显微手术血流动力学和应激反应的影响

目的 比较芬太尼复合丙泊酚与舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于喉显微手术患者的血流动力学和应激激素变化.方法 200例患者行支撑喉镜下声带手术,患者随机均分为芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(F组)和舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(S组).F组、S组分别静脉注射芬太尼3.0μg/kg或舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg、丙泊酚2.0mg/kg、琥珀胆碱1.5mg/kg实施麻醉诱导.记录和测定两组诱导前(T0)、插管即刻(T1)、插管后1min(T2)、置支撑喉镜后1min(T3)及拔管后1min(T6)的SBP、DBP、HR、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、血糖(Glu)的变化和丙泊酚用量、麻醉恢复情况及不良反应.结果 F组T1、T2、T3时SBP、DBP高于、HR快于T0和S组(P<0.05).F组T1～T3时NE、Cor、Glu分别显著高于T0和S组(P<0.05).术中丙泊酚追加量和总用药量F组显著高于S组(P<0.05),麻醉恢复时间S组稍长于F组,但差异无统计学意义.结论 舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉对血流动力学和应激反应影响小,是喉显微手术中比较理想的麻醉配伍组合.     

右旋美托嘧啶对舒芬太尼-丙泊酚靶控输注效应的影响

目的 研究预先静注小剂量右旋美托嘧啶对舒芬太尼-丙泊酚联合靶控输注效应的影响.方法 选择甲状腺择期手术全麻女性患者40例(ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级),随机分成右旋美托嘧啶组(D组)和对照组(C组)两组.D组患者首先给予0.4μg/kg右旋美托嘧啶缓慢静注(5 min注射完毕),C组(对照)患者给予相同方法静注生理盐水;观察10 min之后开始诱导麻醉.记录给药前(T,0)、给药后1 min(T,1)、10 min(T,2)、诱导后插管前(T,3)、插管成功后即刻(T,4)、插管后1 min(T,5)、3 min(T,6)、10 min(T,7)患者心率(HR)、有创动脉血压(SBP、DBP、MAP)、BIS值、OAA/S镇静评分、Ramesay镇静评分;术中每15min记录患者心率(HR)、有创动脉血压(SBP、DBP、MAP)和BIS值;观察停止麻醉后患者自主呼吸恢复时间、初醒(呼之睁眼)时间及清醒拔管时间;计算各时点RPP值(收缩压与心率的乘积);随访术中知晓情况.结果 ①D组患者在静注右旋美托嘧啶后BIS值降低25.6%±4.8%(P<0.05),OAA/S和Ramesay评分也相应下降,与T0时程相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而C组患者则无明显变化;②与T0相比,C组患者SBP、MAP、HR及RPP值在T4时刻均呈明昆升高(P<0.05);D组无明显变化(P>0.05);与D组相比,在T4时刻C组SBP、HR表现出明显降低(P<0.05);③诱导所需丙泊酚靶浓度D组为(1.50±0.53)mg/L,C组为(2.55±0.50)mg/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组术中所需丙泊酚靶浓度为(1.43±0.56)mg/L,C组为(2.00±0.41)mg/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);④术中D组所需舒芬太尼效应室浓度为(0.15±0.5)μg/L,C组则为(0.30 4-0.5)μg/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 诱导前单次静注小剂量右旋美托嘧啶可以有效抑制国人全麻诱导心血管反应,并降低术中舒芬太尼TCI效应室浓度30.2%和丙泊酚TCl血浆浓度21.5%.     

舒芬太尼与芬太尼对小儿全麻诱导期血流动力学和应激反应的比较

目的观察舒芬太尼对小儿全麻诱导期血流动力学和应激反应的影响。方法 60例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级拟行全身麻醉扁桃体、腺样体切除术的患儿随机均分为两组:舒芬太尼组(S组),诱导用舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg;芬太尼组(F组),诱导用芬太尼3μg/kg。分别记录并测定麻醉前5 min(T0)、气管插管时(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、5 min(T3)SBP、DBP、HR、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、血糖(Glu)的变化。结果 S组血流动力学较F组明显稳定,T1~T3组F组SBP、DBP明显高于、HR明显快于T0时和S组(P<0.05);T1~T3时F组NE、Cor、Glu明显高于T0时和S组(P<0.05),S组各时点NE、Cor、Glu无明显改变。结论舒芬太尼能有效抑制小儿全麻诱导期的应激反应,血流动力学更稳定。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼对气管插管应激反应的影响

目的探讨不同剂量舒芬太尼对气管插管应激反应的影响。方法 60例(ASAI—Ⅱ级)择期气管内插管全麻手术患者随机分为A、B、C3组,全麻诱导均采用地塞米松10mg,咪唑安定0.05mg/kg,异丙酚1.5mg/kg和维库溴铵0.15mg/kg,A组使用芬太尼3μg/kg,B组使用舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg,C组使用舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg。分别观察3组患者于T0、T1、T2、T3和T4各个时间点SBP、MAP、HR和RPP。并比较3组患者SBP、MAP、HR和RPP。结果气管插管后均出现不同程度心血管应激反应,T2、T3、T4各时点SBP、MAP、HR和RPP等应激反应指标均高于T1时点指标(P0.05);A组和B组T2、T3时点SBP、MAP、HR和RPP等应激反应指标高于C组(P0.05)。结论 0.5μg/kg舒芬太尼全麻诱导比传统芬太尼3μg/kg和舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg插管时血流动力学更稳定,可以获得较理想的抑制气管插管反应的效果。     

靶控输注舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对诱导期血流动力学的影响

目的 比较不同靶浓度舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对诱导期血流动力学的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者45例随机分为三组,每组15例.首先效应室分梯度靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组TCI浓度依次为1.0、2.0、3.0 μg/ml.然后效应室TCI舒芬太尼,舒芬太尼浓度分别为0.2μg/ml(Ⅰ组)、0.3 μg/ml(Ⅱ组)和0.4 μg/ml(Ⅲ组),记录基础值(T0)、丙泊酚达1.0 μg/ml(T1)、2.0μg/ml(T2)、3.0 μg/ml(T3)、舒芬太尼靶控达平衡后1 min(T4)、插管即刻(T5)、插管后1 min(T6)、3 min(T7)、5 min(T8)的MAP和HR、BIS.结果 Ⅰ组T5～T7时、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组T5、T6时的MAP较T4时增高(P＜0.05).Ⅰ组T6～T8和Ⅲ组T6时HR均增快(P＜0.05),但均未超过T0时.三组间BIS值差异无统计学意义.结论 在复合丙泊酚3.0 μg/ml输注时,舒芬太尼效应室浓度为0.3 μg/ml比较适宜气管插管.     

复合丙泊酚诱导气管插管时舒芬太尼的ED95

目的 探讨复合丙泊酚使95%患者达到优良插管条件的舒芬太尼剂量(ED95).方法 妇科全麻手术患者150例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5组,分别静注舒芬太尼0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40、0.50 μg/kg,2 min后再给予丙泊酚2.5 mg/kg诱导,6 min后行气管插管.根据哥本哈根评分法评估插管条件,采用概率单位回归分析法计算舒芬太尼ED95及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 舒芬太尼ED95为0.40 μg/kg,95%CI为0.34～0.56tg/kg.结论 复合丙泊酚2.5mg/kg诱导气管插管时,舒芬太尼ED95为0.40 μg/kg,95%CI为0.34～0.56tμg/kg.     

三种剂量舒芬太尼用于患儿腹腔镜手术的麻醉效果

目的探讨三种剂量舒芬太尼麻醉诱导应用于患儿腹腔镜手术的疗效。方法采用前瞻性、双盲随机对照研究。择期行腹腔镜手术患儿48例,随机均分为S3组、S4组和S5组,分别给予舒芬太尼0.3、0.4和0.5μg/kg联合丙泊酚和罗库溴铵行麻醉诱导。术中根据麻醉深度追加舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg,术后根据CHIPPS评分予舒芬太尼0.05μg/kg镇痛。记录诱导前(基础值,T0),气管插管前(T1),插管中(T2),插管后5min(T3),气腹前(T4),气腹中(T5),气腹后5min(T6),气管拔管前(T7),气管拔管中(T8),气管拔管后5min(T9)的HR、SBP。记录舒芬太尼总量及三组术中、PACU期间需追加舒芬太尼的例数。结果与T0时比较,T1时三组HR明显减慢、SBP明显下降(P<0.05)。与T1时比较,T2时HR明显增块、SBP明显升高(P<0.05)。与T4时比较,T5～T9时三组只有SBP有所升高(P<0.05)。S4组麻醉期舒芬太尼使用量明显少于S5组(P<0.05),S3组舒芬太尼追加率明显高于S4和S5组(P<0.05)。结论舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚全身麻醉行短程患儿腹腔镜手术能有效减轻气管插管心血管反应,提供足够的麻醉深度、稳定的血流动力学、良好的术后镇痛,并推荐舒芬太尼诱导剂量为0.4μg/kg。     

舒芬太尼对全麻患者拔管期应激反应的影响

目的 观察舒芬太尼抑制全麻患者术后气管拔管应激反应的效果.方法 60例腹部手术患者随机均分为舒芬太尼组(S组)和对照组(C组),缝皮前停用丙泊酚和雷米芬太尼,S组静注舒芬太尼0.15μg/kg,C组静注生理盐水10 ml.分别于入室后诱导前(T0)、拔管后1 min(T1)、3min(T2)、5 min(T3)记录SBP、DBP、MAP、HR,计算RPP,并于以上各时点抽取肘静脉血,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖、采用放射免疫法检测皮质醇浓度.记录拔管时间,患者清醒时间及拔管时患者是否出现躁动等情况.结果 T1～T3时C组MAP、HR、RPP均高于T0时(P＜0.05).T1～T3时MAP、HR、RPP S组均低于C组(P＜0.05).T1～T3时C组血糖、皮质醇均高于T0时(P＜0.05).T1～T3时S组血糖、皮质醇均低于C组(P＜0.05).拔管时C组躁动发生率明显高于S组(P＜0.05),S组的清醒时间较C组明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 全麻患者在拔管前静注舒芬太尼可抑制拔管期的应激反应.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。