达芬奇辅助结肠次全切除术治疗结肠克罗恩病(附1例报告)

目的:探讨达芬奇辅助结肠次全切除术治疗结肠克罗恩病的安全性与可行性.方法:2010年9月为1例结肠克罗恩病患者施行了达芬奇辅助结肠次全切除术,研究其手术技术、手术安全性及患者术后恢复情况.结果:手术顺利完成,无术中并发症发生.术后第2天恢复胃肠道功能,第3天恢复肠内营养,第6天转至康复病房.结论:达芬奇系统用于结肠次全...     

机器人手术系统辅助结肠癌手术13例

目的探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助结肠癌手术的安全性与可行性。方法回顾性总结2010年5-11月实施的13例达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助结肠癌手术的治疗效果。结果13例结肠癌患者行右半结肠切除5例、左半结肠切除3例、乙状结肠切除5例。手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。手术时间（171．5±31．8）min,术中失血量（54．6±21．8）ml,术后肠蠕动恢复时间为（60．9±15．8）h,术后住院时间（6．4±3．6）d。术后除1例切口脂肪液化外,未出现出血、吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄等并发症。结论达芬奇机器人手术系统应用于结肠癌手术安全可行。     

达芬奇机器人系统辅助左半结肠切除术

目的:探讨达芬奇辅助左半结肠切除术的安全性及可行性.方法:总结2010年5月至11月完成的3例达芬奇辅助左半结肠切除术的方法及术后恢复情况.结果:3例手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹.手术时间150～190min,术中出血量50～80ml.术后无并发症发生.结论:达芬奇系统用于左半结肠癌手术是安全可行的.     

结肠镜、腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤的临床研究

目的:探讨结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤的临床疗效。方法:经病理诊断为结直肠肿瘤患者24例,按肿瘤良恶性分成A、B两组。A组于腹腔镜监视下,经结肠镜切除直肠腺瘤4例,结肠间质瘤2例,结肠腺瘤样息肉7例。B组在结肠镜指示下,经腹腔镜切除结肠癌7例,直肠癌4例。结果:A组患者平均手术时间为(15±3.4)min,术后发生肠道出血2例,无肠穿孔病例。B组患者均在腹腔镜下完成肿瘤切除术,平均手术时间为(129±17.5)min,术后无切口感染或吻合口漏。A组患者术后第3天痊愈出院,B组术后第9天痊愈出院。结论:结肠镜与腹腔镜联合切除结直肠肿瘤可以优势互补,是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜、结肠镜联合治疗结肠息肉8例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜、结肠镜联合治疗结肠息肉的可行性和安全性。方法：8例结肠镜无法切除的结肠息肉或结肠镜术中出现并发症的病例联合应用腹腔镜、结肠镜,其中1例穿孔者行腹腔镜修补术;1例术后大出血者在结肠镜指引下,用腹腔镜对病灶进行缝扎止血;1例乙状结肠广基息肉在结肠镜切除病灶后,用腹腔镜缝合修补肠管;5例切除病变肠段。结果：8例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹,术后无并发症发生。结论：应用腹腔镜、结肠镜联合手术完成结肠镜无法治疗的结肠息肉,提高了手术的安全性和彻底性。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜盆腔廓清术的初步经验——附1例报告

本文报道1例54岁宫颈癌复发患者使用达芬奇机器人手术系统(da Vinci S)施行盆腔廓清术的初步经验。初次治疗行放疗外照射,随后行腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除+双侧附件切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术。术后6个月经阴道超声检查和盆腔CT检查均提示宫颈残端上方可见直径约2.8 cm包块,与膀胱后壁及直肠右前壁分界不清。使用达芬奇机器人手术系统共4臂进行手术,切除宫颈残端病灶及部分致密粘连的膀胱壁和病变肠管,并行耻骨联合上膀胱造瘘和结肠腹壁造瘘。手术时间480 min(自建立气腹至手术结束),出血量1200 ml。术后一般状况良好,术后第29天出院。术后病理:中分化鳞状细胞癌。术后3、6个月随访恢复好,未诉不适。我们认为达芬奇机器人系统辅助腹腔镜盆腔廓清术治疗难治性、复发性妇科肿瘤较传统手术具有操作精细灵活、创伤小、切除彻底的优势。     

腹腔镜结直肠手术55例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠手术的优缺点、手术方法及应用价值。方法 经腹腔镜行结直肠手术55例,其中右半结肠切除15例,横结肠癌根治3例,Dixon手术20例,乙状结肠癌姑息切除4例(其中2例肝转移癌电凝固化),左半结肠切除1例,Miles手术6例,乙状结肠腺瘤切除2例,乙状结肠造瘘1例、直肠悬吊1例,先天性巨结肠切除2例。结果 54例成功完成手术,肿瘤侵犯十二指肠及胰头而中转开腹1例。手术时间平均148．8分钟。术后平均30．9小时胃肠功能恢复,且无并发症发生,术后平均住院7．6天。随访1～66月,1例横结肠癌术后23月出现肺转移,32月死亡;1例乙状结肠癌伴肝转移术后23月出现别处肝转移,开腹行右半肝切除。结论 腹腔镜结直肠手术技术上是可行的,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、胃肠道干扰小、术后疼痛轻、疤痕小等优点,值得进一步探索。     

腹腔镜、结肠镜联合手术治疗结直肠小病灶(直径≤3.5cm)肿瘤

目的探讨腹腔镜、结肠镜双镜联合加术中快速冰冻病理检查在结直肠小病灶(直径≤3.5 cm)肿瘤治疗中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2012年5月~2015年4月应用腹腔镜、结肠镜联合加术中快速冰冻病理检查治疗结直肠小病灶肿瘤36例的临床资料。肿瘤位于直肠3例,乙状结肠9例,降结肠11例,横结肠4例,升结肠9例。肿瘤大小1.0 cm×1.5 cm~3.5 cm×3.5 cm。腹腔镜、结肠镜联合精确定位肿瘤位置后,腹腔镜下切除肿瘤送全瘤术中冰冻病理检查,根据冰冻病理结果腹腔镜下完成肠切除术或肠癌根治术。结果 36例手术均获得成功。3例术前局部活检病理示绒毛状腺瘤伴重度非典型增生,术中快速冰冻病理检查全瘤活检示腺癌。17例管状绒毛状腺瘤伴轻度(9例)或中度(8例)非典型增生行肠壁并息肉楔形切除术,5例管状绒毛状腺瘤伴轻度(2例)或中度(3例)非典型增生及3例绒毛状腺瘤伴重度非典型增生行部分肠管切除术,2例绒毛状腺瘤伴重度非典型增生行肠管切除加局域淋巴结清扫术,9例腺癌行肠癌根治术。无术后吻合口出血、吻合口狭窄、吻合口漏、腹腔内感染。术后随访6~36个月,平均20.5月,未发现肿瘤复发、远处转移及切口种植。结论应用腹腔镜、结肠镜双镜联合加术中快速冰冻病理检查治疗结直肠小病灶肿瘤安全,高效,微创。     

达芬奇机器人系统辅助右半结肠切除术

目的 探讨达芬奇机器人系统辅助右半结肠切除术的安全性与可行性.方法 总结2010年5-11月完成的5例达芬奇辅助右半结肠切除术的方法 及术后恢复情况.结果 5例患者行右半结肠切除,其中1例同时行胆囊切除.手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹.手术时间140～200 min,术中失血量30～80 ml.术后无并发症发生.结论 达芬奇机器人系统应用于右半结肠癌手术是安全可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer. Methods These 5 patients with ascending colonic cancer received robot-assisted laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Results All operations were performed successfully. There was no postoperative complications. Da Vinci surgical system was found to be associated with fewer hemorrhage, rapid postoperative intestinal recovery, and therefore a shorter hospital stay. Conclusions Robot-assisted laparoscopic right hemicolectomy can be applied safely and with feasibility for colonic cancer.     

电视腹腔镜外科手术在胃肠道肿瘤的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜外科技术在胃肠道肿瘤手术中的应用。方法 经电视腹腔镜行胃肠道肿瘤手术18例,其中右半结肠切除术4例,横结肠癌根治术3例,乙状结肠癌根治术5例,乙状结肠癌姑息切除术并肝转移癌电凝固化1例,胃癌术后复发转移行探查活检1例．胃巨大恶性淋巴瘤行探查活检1例,晚期回肠癌行小肠侧侧吻合术1例,己状结肠腺瘤切除术2例。结果 均获成功．无中转开腹．手术时间平均165．0分钟。术后平均31．2小时胃肠功能恢复．无并发症发生．术后平均住院8.2天.13例切除肿瘤的结肠癌术后随访2月-30月,仅1例横结肠癌术后23月出现肺转移。结论 腹腔镜胃肠肿瘤手术损伤小、恢复快、胃肠干扰小、术后疼痛轻,值得进一步探索开展。     

结肠次全切除治疗梗阻性乙状结肠癌16例临床分析

目的:探讨一期结肠次全切除,回肠乙状结肠或回肠直肠吻合术,治疗梗阻性乙状结肠癌的效果。方法:在收治的急性梗阻性乙状结肠癌病人中,选择行一期结肠次全切除、回肠乙状结肠或回肠直肠吻合术的16例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:在全麻下行剖腹探查证实乙状结肠癌,行一期结肠次全切除回肠与乙状结肠吻合12例,回肠与直肠吻合4例。4例术后发生排便次数增加3～6次/d,经调节饮食和口服易蒙停等3个月治愈。切口脂肪液化感染2例,经换药处理治愈。其余均顺利康复出院,未发生吻合口瘘。结论:达到解除梗阻,根治性切除肿瘤,一期吻合重建肠道,减少吻合口瘘的发生,是治疗梗阻性乙状结肠癌安全和有效术式。     

Colonoscopic impaction in left colon strictures resulting in right colon pneumatic perforation

Summary Colonic perforation during flexible colonoscopy is a rare but recognized complication. We reviewed 4,593 colonoscopies performed from 1984 to 1989. The perforation rate for diagnostic colonoscopy was 0.17% (6/3,538) and for therapeutic colonoscopy it was 2% (21/1,055). Four perforations of the right colon occurred at a site proximal to the level of the impacted colonoscope. The lesions being evaluated were obstructive in nature: two diverticular strictures (sigmoid colon), one ischemic stricture (descending colon), and one annular carcinoma (descending colon). The four perforations occurred in the right colon and manifested as distension with pneumoperitoneum or retroperitoneal emphysema. Operative management included total abdominal colectomy in two patients (ileoproctostomy in one and ileostomy in one) and right colectomy in two. Outcome was favorable in all cases.     

Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy for chronic diverticular disease.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease has now been well established. We report herein our experience with laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy in 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy for chronic diverticular disease. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of a 7-year period from January 1995 to June 2002. Chronic diverticular disease was treated with laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy in 100 patients. The setting was a community hospital. All cases were performed by 1 of 2 colorectal surgeons. All laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy patients received lighted ureteral stents placed preoperatively that were removed at the end of surgery. RESULTS: Mean age was 61.6 years. The male to female ratio was 38:62. The mean estimated blood loss was 138 mL, liquid diet was tolerated for 2.4 days, and hospital length of stay was 4.6 days. The mean operative time for laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy was 196 minutes. Relative complications for laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy are as follows: anastomotic leak in 2 (3.0%) patients, hematuria in 95 (95%) with an average duration for 3.1 days, urinary tract infection in 6 (6%), and ureteral injury in 1 (1%). The mean operating room charges in the laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy patients was dollars 9,643. CONCLUSION: We recommend laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy as the modality of treatment for chronic diverticular disease. Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy appears to be a reliable, safe, and efficacious treatment modality for chronic diverticular disease. The operative time for laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy is decreasing as surgeons gain more experience.     

Laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colonic polyps

BACKGROUND: Benign colonic polyps that are impossible to remove with the aid of the flexible colonoscope because of their size or location must be removed surgically. METHODS: Twenty patients with colonic adenomatous polyps that could not be resected by colonoscopy because of size or difficult location (n = 18) or polyps in combination with diverticulitis (n = 2) underwent polyp removal through a small 'assisted' incision in the abdominal wall using a standard 'dissection-facilitated' laparoscopic approach to the affected colonic segment. RESULTS: In six patients the polyp was removed through a colotomy, in three through a limited resection (two ileocaecal and one limited sigmoid resection) and in 11 through a standard colectomy (four right hemicolectomy, one left hemicolectomy, four sigmoid and two anterior resections) because of suspicion of cancer. In only one patient could the polyp not be found during laparoscopy, resulting in a second conventional surgical intervention. In four patients carcinoma was diagnosed in the specimen. CONCLUSION: Precise preoperative localization of the polyp and the use of dissection-facilitated laparoscopic colonic surgery make laparoscopic removal of benign colonic polyps an alternative to an open procedure.     

手辅助腹腔镜在结直肠肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨手辅助腹腔镜技术（HALS）在结直肠肿瘤手术中的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析接受HALS治疗的70例结直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果70例患者中男性38例．女性32例．中位年龄61岁。乙状结肠腺瘤4例,乙状结肠癌48例,降结肠癌3例,升结肠癌1例．直肠癌13例,全结肠切除1例。所有患者均顺利完成HALS,无中转开腹病例。手术时间为（126．0±22．5）min：术中出血（75．0±18．8）ml;平均清扫淋巴结（16．8±4．2）枚,术后平均住院9．4d。无围手术期死亡病例,术后1例患者出现吻合口狭窄,2例吻合口瘘,均经保守治疗好转。结论HALS用于结肠癌手术创伤小、易掌握、安全性高,具有良好应用前景。     

Treatment of volvulus of the colon by colonoscopy.

The flexible colonoscope has notable advantages over rigid instruments and can be offered as an alternative and (probably) preferable method for non-surgical reduction of colonic volvulus. When operative intervention is called for because of repeated bouts of sigmoid volvulus, colonoscopy offers a means of preoperative deflation of the twisted loop, allowing time to prepare the bowel and correct systemic disturbances such as electrolyte imbalance. The first successful management of a case of recurrent sigmoid volvulus using fiberoptic flexible colonoscope is presented. It is suggested that the fiberoptic colonoscope may have similar application for instances of volvulus occurring more proximal than in the sigmoid colon. Sigmoid volvulus in children even though rare might also be amenable to correction by colonoscopy.     

Laparoscopic versus open sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis

This study compared laparoscopic with open sigmoid colectomy for patients with a diagnosis of diverticulitis. Increased use of less invasive techniques makes it vitally important to evaluate outcomes of these techniques as compared with standard open procedures. Patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis without hemorrhage (code 56211) between January 1997 and December 2001 were reviewed. Two groups were identified: those undergoing open sigmoid colectomy and those undergoing laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, operative time, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, morbidity/mortality, and hospital charges were compared. During the study period 271 sigmoid colectomies were performed for diverticulitis without hemorrhage: 56 laparoscopically and 215 with the standard open technique. Four patients required conversion from laparoscopic to open colectomy. Mean ASA scores were: open group 2.4; laparoscopic group, 1.9 (P < 0.001). Mean operative times were: laparoscopic group, 170 +/- 45 minutes; open group, 140 +/- 49 minutes (P < 0.001). In the open group 39 patients required transfer to the ICU; one patient in the laparoscopic group required transfer to the ICU. Average hospital lengths of stay for the open and laparoscopic groups were 9.06 and 4.12 days, respectively (P < 0.001). Complications were recorded in 57 (27%) of 215 patients who underwent an open procedure versus 5 (9%) of 56 patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy (P < 0.01). There were three deaths in the open group and none in laparoscopic group. Average total hospital charges were 25,700 dollars for open sigmoid colectomy and 17,414 dollars for laparoscopic colectomy. Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy compares favorably with open sigmoid colectomy for patients with a diagnosis of diverticulitis.     

Surgical therapy of chronic constipation

Results of the surgical treatment for conservative intractable constipation in 70 adult patients are reviewed. 49 patients with severe symptoms have been treated by partial colectomy as sigmoid colectomy (n = 23) or left hemicolectomy (n = 26). 33 patients underwent colectomy with cecorectal anastomosis (n = 25) or ileorectal anastomosis (n = 8). Out of these patients with colectomy seven had undergone previous segmental colonic resection or internal sphincterotomy. Of those patients with cecorectal anastomosis who were dissatisfied, three underwent ileorectal anastomosis. Overall, a mortality rate of 3.3% and morbidity rate of 22.5 resp. 54.5% for partial and total colectomy were observed. The most frequent occurring complication after colectomy was small bowel obstruction in 30% requiring laparotomy in 40%. Of 45 patients who underwent partial colectomy, 34 (75%) had normal bowel function or were markedly improved. In 28 of 32 patients (87.5%) treated by colectomy a successful result has been achieved. The operation of sigmoid colectomy or left hemicolectomy may be recommended as a treatment for constipation only in patients with less severe symptoms or patients with recurrent sigmoid volvulus. For those patients with severe constipation, at present, colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis seems to be the surgical procedure that offers the greatest probability of improvement. However, the significant morbidity claimed the need for a careful patient selection.     

A prospective study demonstrating the reliability and validity of two procedure-specific evaluation tools to assess operative competence in laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Background

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is considered an advanced minimally invasive procedure with a long, variable learning curve. Developing an evaluation tool is essential to ensure that individuals reach a certain level of competence prior to performing this procedure independently. To achieve standardization and wide implementation, an assessment tool must be reflective of practice across many institutions.

Study design

The purpose of this study is to validate two procedure-specific evaluation tools for laparoscopic colorectal surgery that were developed using innovative consensus methodology. Two procedure-specific rating scales for laparoscopic right and sigmoid colectomy were created using the Delphi method. Nine novice and nine expert laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy videos were prospectively collected, and nine novice and ten expert laparoscopic right colectomy videos were recorded. The experts rated the videos using the procedure-specific technical skills evaluation tool for either laparoscopic right colectomy or laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the expert and novice scores on the laparoscopic right colectomy evaluation tool: the median score of novices was 63.8% and the expert score was 73.1% (p?=?0.02). Similarly, there was a significant difference between the median novice score on the sigmoid tool (58.6%) compared with the median expert score (70.7%) (p?=?0.003). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82 for the right colectomy evaluation tool and 0.79 for the sigmoid rating scale.

Conclusions

The procedure-specific evaluation tools for laparoscopic right and sigmoid colectomy demonstrate strong reliability and construct validity, and have the potential to be used for technical skills assessment and feedback.     

The aetiology and management of sigmoid volvulus in the UK: how much colon need be excised?

The case notes of 15 patients undergoing colonic resection for sigmoid volvulus at St Mark's Hospital over 25 years have been reviewed. Eight patients underwent sigmoid colectomy, four left hemicolectomy and three total colectomy. Although 12 of the 15 patients complained of a constipated bowel habit for 'all their lives' prior to operation, all but two had a much improved bowel habit thereafter, regardless of the extent of the resection. If there is evidence of acute or recent sigmoid volvulus at operation, sigmoid colectomy alone is recommended in the first instance.