输血支持在造血干细胞移植中的应用

背景:接受造血干细胞移植的患者经常需要血液制品输注支持,而患者对红细胞和血小板输注的需求差异非常大,这主要依赖于造血干细胞移植的类型和患者本身的疾病性质。目的:评价中山大学附属中山医院接受造血干细胞移植患者移植期间输血的需求和数量。方法:收集中山大学附属中山医院2004-01/2010-06接受造血干细胞移植患者的资料,包括移植的适应证、移植的类型、CD34+细胞的数量、红细胞和血小板的输注数量、费用、脱离输注时间以及中性粒细胞和血小板植入时间;红细胞输注的阈值是血红蛋白计数为70g/L,而血小板的输注阈值是计数为20×109L-1。研究分析了患者移植期间红细胞和血小板输注的需求、输注量、输血费用,以及患者的生存情况。结果与结论:自体造血干细胞移植组中有14例(93%)患者,而异基因造血干细胞移植组中有35例(90%)患者显示了造血细胞植入和脱离输注证据。自体造血干细胞移植组取得脱离红细胞输注天数为14.6d,明显短于异基因造血干细胞移植组。与异基因造血干细胞移植组比较,自体造血干细胞移植组红细胞输注单位明显减少;而异基因造血干细胞移植组的红细胞输注费用明显高于自体造血干细胞移植组。输血花费昂贵,但却是造血干细胞移植中必不可少的一部分,异基因造血干细胞移植组需要更多的输血支持。脱离输注时间有望成为评估造血干细胞移植成功的指标。     

输血支持在造血干细胞移植中的应用

背景：接受造血干细胞移植的患者经常需要血液制品输注支持,而患者对红细胞和血小板输注的需求差异非常大,这主要依赖于造血干细胞移植的类型和患者本身的疾病性质。目的：评价中山大学附属中山医院接受造血干细胞移植患者移植期间输血的需求和数量。方法：收集中山大学附属中山医院2004-01/2010-06接受造血干细胞移植患者的资料,包括移植的适应证、移植的类型、CD34＋细胞的数量、红细胞和血小板的输注数量、费用、脱离输注时间以及中性粒细胞和血小板植入时间;红细胞输注的阈值是血红蛋白计数为70g/L,而血小板的输注阈值是计数为20×109L-1。研究分析了患者移植期间红细胞和血小板输注的需求、输注量、输血费用,以及患者的生存情况。结果与结论：自体造血干细胞移植组中有14例（93%）患者,而异基因造血干细胞移植组中有35例（90%）患者显示了造血细胞植入和脱离输注证据。自体造血干细胞移植组取得脱离红细胞输注天数为14.6d,明显短于异基因造血干细胞移植组。与异基因造血干细胞移植组比较,自体造血干细胞移植组红细胞输注单位明显减少;而异基因造血干细胞移植组的红细胞输注费用明显高于自体造血干细胞移植组。输血花费昂贵,但却是造血干细胞移植中必不可少的一部分,异基因造血干细胞移植组需要更多的输血支持。脱离输注时间有望成为评估造血干细胞移植成功的指标。     

不同类型异基因造血干细胞移植后的急性白血病患者骨髓形态学比较

目的观察单体型相合造血干细胞移植及全相合异基因造血干细胞移植后骨髓形态学差异及造血重建情况。方法在235名实施异基因造血干细胞移植患者中,单体型相合120名,采用外周血造血干细胞联合骨髓移植;115名全相合的患者,采用单纯的外周血造血干细胞移植。在造血干细胞移植成功出层流室+30 d行骨髓穿刺抽吸涂片观察骨髓形态学差异,并观察造血重建情况。结果 235名患者均成功重建造血。全相合患者白细胞及血小板重建的时间分别14.7 d(12～26 d)及20.6 d(13～32 d);单体型相合造血干细胞移植患者白细胞及血小板重建的时间分别12 d(10～21 d)及18 d(15～30 d);2者之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者造血干细胞移植后骨髓全部完全缓解。在骨髓增生程度、粒红比例和细胞形态等方面有差异,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单体型相合造血干细胞移植较全相合移植造血重建早,移植后骨髓形态学有差异,但差异无统计学意义。     

The effect of G-CSF used after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on engraftment times and platelet suspension replacement numbers

BackgroundWith the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the duration of neutrophil engraftment and hospitalization were shortened. However, there is no consensus on the effect of G-CSF on platelet engraftment time. The primary aim of our study is to determine the effect of G-CSF use on platelet engraftment time after HSCT. Secondary purposes are to determine the number of platelet suspension, number of erythrocyte suspension and incidence of acute graft versus disease after HSCT.Material and methodsPatients who had allogeneic stem cell transplantation at our center between 01.01.2011 and 01.01.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups as those who received and did not receive G-CSF after transplantation.ResultsA total of 64 patients were included. While 32 patients were given post-HSCT G-CSF support, the other 32 patients were not given. Neutrophil engraftment time and length of hospital stay were shorter in the group receiving G-CSF (p < 0.05). Platelet engraftment time was shorter in the group that did not receive G-CSF (p < 0.05). The incidence of acute GVHD of the patients in group 1 tended to be higher than the patients in group 2 (40.6 % vs 15.6 %, p = 0.052). Post-HSCT platelet suspension was less in the group that did not receive G-CSF, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.173).ConclusionWhile the positive effect of post HSCT G-CSF use on duration of neutrophil engraftment and hospitalization is evident, its effects on platelet engraftment need to be investigated.     

A prospective randomized trial of a prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger of 10 x 10(9) per L versus 30 x 10(9) per L in allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: The impact of lowering the platelet (PLT) count threshold for prophylactic PLT transfusion on bleeding and PLT use in allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant recipients is a matter of debate. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In 166 patients, randomly assigned to receive prophylactic PLT transfusion at a trigger level less than 10 x 10(9) PLTs per L (T10; n = 79) or less than 30 x 10(9) per L (T30; n = 87), the number of PLT and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions given and the number of hemorrhagic events (WHO Grades 2-4) were recorded. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the clinical outcome variables (i.e., bacteremia, engraftment, graft-vs.-host disease [GVHD], hospital stay, death, and survival) or in the median total number of RBC transfusions given. The incidence, in Group T10 18 percent (14/79) and in Group T30 15 percent (13/87), as well as the type of bleeding were comparable. No deaths were attributed to hemorrhages. The number of PLT units transfused, however, was significantly lower in Group T10 (median, 4; range, 0-32), than in Group T30 (median, 10; range, 0-48; p < 0.001). Apart from the trigger level, the day of engraftment, the presence of acute GVHD, or bacteremia also affected the number of PLT transfusions. CONCLUSION: A prophylactic PLT transfusion trigger level of less than 10 x 10(9) PLTs per L instead of less than 30 x 10(9) PLTs per L in allogeneic HPC transplant recipients was found to be safe and resulted in a decreased use of PLTs.     

Analysis of factors associated with successful allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell collection in healthy donors

BackgroundThe collection of a sufficient number of stem cells is important for success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with successful allogeneic peripheral stem cell (PBSC) collection in healthy donors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical data of allogeneic PBSC collection in 175 donors from 2007 to 2017 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. This study analyzed factors associated with the CD34+ cell yield such as the characteristics of donors, including age, laboratory results before apheresis, and data of procedures on the first day. The CD34+ cell dose of ≥ 4.0 × 10⁶/kg have recently been the accepted minimum recommended dose in allogeneic HSCT settings, and this was the target dose in our study.ResultsThe factors associated with the CD34+ cell yield were age (p = 0.007), baseline platelet (PLT) (p = 0.014), and pre-collection hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) (p = 0.001) by multivariate analysis. This study represented that age, baseline platelet count, and pre-collection HPC count are important predictive factors as shown in other previous studies.ConclusionOur data suggest that young age, high baseline platelet counts and high HPC counts before collection might be useful for identifying successful mobilizers.     

The effect of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor dose and administration interval after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation on early engraftment of neutrophil and platelet

BackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the treatments for hematologic malignancies. Numerous factors affect the HSCT outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of post‐HSCT administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (post‐G‐CSF) on early neutrophil and platelet engraftment in allogeneic HSCT (allo‐HSCT).Material & methodsThe study was performed on 76 patients diagnosed with AML and ALL. All patients underwent allo‐HSCT at Taleghani stem cell transplantation center, Tehran, Iran, from February 2016 to December 2018. Chemotherapy regimens based on patients'' conditions were selected between myeloablative and reduced‐intensity regimens.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that the number of administered G‐CSF units after HSCT was a time‐dependent variable. Statistical analysis before day +11 reported that patients who received G‐CSF <14 units had three times better early neutrophil engraftment than those with G‐CSF ≥14 (CI 95%, AHR = 3.03, p:0.002). CD3+ cells count <318.5 × 10⁶/kg was associated with fast platelet engraftment (CI 95%, AHR 2.28, p:0.01).ConclusionIn this study, post‐G‐CSF stimulation was associated with early engraftment in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Administration of G‐CSF beyond 14 units resulted in adverse effects on neutrophil early engraftment. It also appeared that with a reduction in CD3+ cell counts, the likelihood of GVHD decreases, and platelet engraftment occurs earlier. Further investigations in the future are required to determine the factors affecting the process of early engraftment.     

Postoperative complications associated with transfusion of platelets and plasma in cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: Studies in cardiac surgery have reported increased postoperative morbidity and mortality after allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Whether platelet (PLT) and/or plasma transfusions are a marker for more concomitant RBC transfusions or are independently associated with complications after cardiac surgery is unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from two randomized controlled studies were combined to analyze the effects of PLT and/or plasma transfusions on postoperative infections, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), all‐cause mortality, and mortality in the presence or absence of infections in the postoperative period. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, plasma units and not RBC transfusions were associated with all‐cause mortality. White blood cell (WBC)‐containing RBC transfusions and PLT transfusions were associated with mortality occurring in the presence of or after infections. The number of (WBC‐containing) RBC transfusions was also significantly associated with postoperative infections and with ICU stay for 4 or more days. CONCLUSION: Although it is difficult to separate the effects of blood components, we found that in cardiac surgery, perioperative plasma transfusions are independently associated with all‐cause mortality. WBC‐containing RBC transfusions and PLT transfusions are independently associated with mortality in the presence of infections in the postoperative period. Future transfusion studies in cardiac surgery should concomitantly consider the possible adverse effects of all the various transfused blood components.     

Acute bleeding complications in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with prophylactic platelet transfusion triggers of 10 x 10(9) and 20 x 10(9) per L

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic platelet (PLT) transfusions are given as a standard care in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This retrospective analysis evaluates utilization of blood transfusions, risk of bleeding, and survival in 480 HSCT patients at 10 x 10(9) and 20 x 10(9) per L prophylactic trigger levels. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 224 patients received prophylactic PLT transfusions at 20 x 10(9) per L threshold (1997-1998, SP1); 256 patients had prophylaxis at 10 x 10(9) per L (1999-2001, SP2). Bleeding scores were assigned daily. RESULTS: A slight reduction in PLT transfusions per patient in SP2 compared with SP1 was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-1.33; p = 0.416), yet a significantly higher proportion of patients in SP2 had PLT counts less than or equal to 10 x 10(9) per L compared to SP1 (p < 0.001). In patients who bled, however, there was no excess exposure to low PLT counts before bleeding started. A substantial number of patients who bled received PLT transfusions above the goal before bleeding started (82.9% in SP2, 41.5% in SP1) because of medical complications that associated with increased risk of bleeding. Bleeding incidence was similar in both study periods (21.9% in SP1, 16.4% in SP2; p = 0.526). Bleeding was significantly associated with reduced survival in both study periods. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who bled were usually placed on a higher threshold before the onset of their major bleeding event and were not exposed to additional risk of bleeding from thrombocytopenia. Similarity in bleeding incidence between study periods appears to associate with adjustments to high-risk conditions and may not reflect consequences of the lower transfusion threshold.     

小儿急性阑尾炎患者血小板参数检测的临床意义

目的通过分析小儿急性阑尾炎患者血小板各项参数的变化情况,探讨血小板指标在该疾病诊断中的临床意义,为该疾病的诊断提供更多实验室依据。方法选择52例急性阑尾炎患儿及49例健康对照者,采用Sysmex2100全自动血液分析仪检测血小板参数,包括血小板计数（plateletcount,PLT）、平均血小板体积（meanplateletvolume,MPV）、血小板分布宽度（plateletdistributionwidth,PDW）及外周血细胞计数。采用SPSS17．0软件对检测结果及各参数间相关性进行统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,阑尾炎患者组WBC及PLT明显升高,而MPV和PDW降低,差异均具有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。相关性分析结果显示MPV与PDW（r=0．974,P〈0．01）,以及PLT与WBC（r=0．451,P〈0．01）均呈正相关关系,PLT分别与MPV和PDW（r=-0．610,r=-0．621,P均〈0．01）,WBC分别与PDW和MPV（r=-0．335,r=-0．364,P均〈0．05）均呈负相关。结论急性阑尾炎患儿外周血存在PLT增高、而MPV和PDW降低的血小板模式,用这些参数联合其他炎性指标建立诊断模型可能对小儿急性阑尾炎具有较大的实验室诊断价值。     

前置胎盘剖宫产术中不同输血方式对血常规及母婴结局的影响

目的比较不同输血方式在前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用价值。方法收集2013年2月至2016年1月于本院行剖宫产分娩的82例前置胎盘孕妇的临床资料,按照输血方式分为自体组(自体贮血式输血,n=42)与异体组(异体输血,n=40),记录两组手术前后血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板计数(PLT)、红细胞比容(Hct)、白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)等血常规指标的变化,比较两组产后出血量,自体、异体输血量,观察两组妊娠结局,统计输血并发症。结果 (1)自体组累计出血量、异体输血量均低于异体组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)术后,两组PLT、WBC上升,RBC、Hb、Hct降低,自体组术后Hb、PLT、Hct水平均高于异体组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)两组出生后1min、5min新生儿阿普加评分(Apgar)及脐动脉血pH值对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)自体组总并发症发生率低于异体组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在前置胎盘产妇剖宫产术中采用预存式自体输血方案,对产妇母婴结局无负面影响,同时可降低输血并发症发生率,安全可行,经济性高。     

造血干细胞移植与血小板输注

背景:血小板输注被认为是对致死性出血最为有效的治疗措施,已成为治疗造血干细胞移植后血小板减少的标准方法。关于血小板输注临床应用的相关研究资料相对缺乏,各医院间实际情况变化较大。目的:对52例造血干细胞移植患者移植期间血小板输注的情况进行回顾性分析。方法:将出现活动性出血所进行的血小板输注归为治疗性输注,在没有出血表现的情况下进行的血小板输注定义为预防性输注。根据24h血小板回收率和出血改善情况来评价不同血小板输注性质、自体或异基因移植类型等因素对血小板输注疗效的影响。结果与结论:预防性和治疗性血小板输注有效率分别为63.6%和55.6%;接受造血干细胞移植患者血小板输注有效率和平均血小板升高值分别为60.9%和26.8×109L-1。而自体造血干细胞移植组和异基因造血干细胞移植组间预防性和治疗性输注的疗效无差别。回归分析中,凝血功能异常被认为是影响血小板输注疗效的独立风险因素。     

供,受者感染乙型肝炎病毒对造血干细胞移植的影响

目的 分析血液病患移植前供、受感染乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）对造血干细胞移植（ＨＳＣＴ０临床结果的影响。方法 对我院１９８６年１０月￣１９９８年１２月间进行ＨＳＣＴ前供、受感染ＨＢＶ的２６例患临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 ①移植后３例患发生ＶＯＤ,发生率（１１．５％）明显高于供、受无ＨＢＶ感染的患（１．４％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）;②５例输注ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）供造血干细胞患２例发生乙型肝炎;     

末梢血与静脉血对化疗后骨髓抑制期白血病患者WBC、HB、PLT结果的对比分析

目的比较白血病患者化疗后骨髓抑制期末梢血与静脉血中白细胞（WBC）、血红蛋白（HB）、血小板（PLT）检测结果有无差别。方法采集2012年4月2013年4月我院血液科层流病房96名化疗后骨髓抑制期患者的末梢血和静脉血,用XT-2000i全血细胞分析仪测定白细胞（WBC）、血红蛋白（HB）、血小板（PLT）,统计分析两种检测手段的差异。结果末梢血的白细胞（WBC）检测结果为：1．106±0．684×10^9／L,静脉血检测结果为：0．918±0．780×10^9／L,末梢血白细胞检测值高于静脉血结果,两者具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;末梢血中血红蛋白（HB）、血小板（PLT）检测结果分别为：69．875±15．437g／L,70．646±20．737×10^9／L,静脉血检测结果分别为：70．177±15．225g／L,70．583±20．625×10^9／L,两组血标本检测结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论为准确的判断白血病患者化疗后骨髓抑制的程度,血常规检测应以静脉血为佳,而不能采用末梢血检测以代替。     

The transfusion of neutrophil-specific antibodies causes leukopenia and a broad spectrum of pulmonary reactions

BACKGROUND: Antibodies to neutrophil-specific antigens are the best characterized cause of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). CASE REPORT: A double-apheresis platelet (PLT) component was divided and transfused into two patients. One experienced chills, rigors, and dyspnea and the other experienced chills and headache. Transient leukopenia developed in both patients. RESULTS: Evaluation of donor plasma revealed an anti-HNA-2a and no HLA Class I antibodies. The donor had donated 26 previous apheresis PLT components. The 27 donations resulted in 39 separate transfusions and 12 transfusion reactions in 9 patients. Five reactions occurred immediately after the transfusion, 10 within 1 hour, and all within 2.5 hours. Nine of the reactions involved symptoms or signs of pulmonary dysfunction. The symptoms were mild to moderate in nature. None of the inpatients required intensive care transfer nor did any outpatients require hospital admission. Recipient white blood cell (WBC) counts were measured within 8 hours after 38 of 39 transfusions. Leukopenia occurred in 9 of 12 (75%) transfusions with reactions and in 9 of 26 (35%) transfusions without. The reactions did not correlate with pretransfusion WBC count. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil antibodies cause a wide variety of transfusion reactions that do not necessarily meet the definition of TRALI. Donors of blood products causing even mild pulmonary reactions or leukopenia should be tested for neutrophil-specific antibodies.     

造血干细胞移植与血小板输注

背景：血小板输注被认为是对致死性出血最为有效的治疗措施,已成为治疗造血干细胞移植后血小板减少的标准方法。关于血小板输注临床应用的相关研究资料相对缺乏,各医院间实际情况变化较大。目的：对52例造血干细胞移植患者移植期间血小板输注的情况进行回顾性分析。方法：将出现活动性出血所进行的血小板输注归为治疗性输注,在没有出血表现的情况下进行的血小板输注定义为预防性输注。根据24h血小板回收率和出血改善情况来评价不同血小板输注性质、自体或异基因移植类型等因素对血小板输注疗效的影响。结果与结论：预防性和治疗性血小板输注有效率分别为63.6%和55.6%;接受造血干细胞移植患者血小板输注有效率和平均血小板升高值分别为60.9%和26.8×109L-1。而自体造血干细胞移植组和异基因造血干细胞移植组间预防性和治疗性输注的疗效无差别。回归分析中,凝血功能异常被认为是影响血小板输注疗效的独立风险因素。     

Predictive value of NLR and PLR in missed miscarriage

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in missed miscarriage.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, a total of 400 women (involving 200 with missed early miscarriage and 200 with normal pregnancy but terminate by artificial abortion) were included. General clinical data and complete blood count (CBC) such as white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), platelet (PLT), red blood cell distribution width‐standard deviation (RDW‐SD), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count were collected, and the NLR and PLR were calculated for both groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to calculate the predictive value.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the WBC, RBC, PLT, RDW‐SD, PDW, neutrophil, lymphocyte, NLR, and PLR between the two groups (p > 0.05).But MPV was lower in the missed early miscarriage group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and the area under the working curve (AUC) of ROC was 0.58, specificity and sensitivity was 69% and 47%, respectively.ConclusionNLR and PLR were not the suitable indictor for missed miscarriage, but MPV should be a concern in the first trimester.     

伊马替尼治疗Ph~+急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床研究

目的 探讨伊马替尼联合化疗和异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗Ph~+急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph~+-ALL)的疗效及转归.方法 总结我院2006年1月至2009年3月的初诊Ph~+-ALL患者30例.诱导化疗均采用CDOLP方案,其中16例化疗不敏感者联合伊马替尼治疗.11例进行allo-HSCT,19例采用大剂量的阿糖胞苷、甲氨蝶呤、环磷酰胺巩同治疗.维持化疗采用VP方案联合伊马替尼.结果 30例患者中17例WBC>30×10~9/L;29例细胞免疫学标记为B系表达;1例为T系表达;24例伴附加染色体异常.诱导化疗总完全缓解(CR)率96.7%,中位CR时间9(2～20)个月.1年和3年总体生存(OS)率分别为(64.7±9.8)%和(30.0±12.4)%;1年和3年无事件生存(EFS)率分别为(28.8±9.5)%和(19.2±10.1)%.30例中13例bcr-abl融合基因持续转阴,持续ber-abl阴性者较持续阳性及复发者OS率高(70.7%对61.3%,P=0.267)、EFS率高(61.7%对17.3%,P=0.01).移植与化疗患者中位生存时间分别为18(5～36)个月和14(4～22)个月;移植组比化疗组OS率高(71.6%对58.8%,P=0.189)、EFS率高(36.4%对21.8%,P=0.045).高白细胞组患者和非高白细胞组患者中位生存时间分别为10(4～18)个月和29(5～36)个月.高白细胞组比非高白细胞组OS率低(46.9%对83.1%,P=0.003)、EFS率低(15.5%对50.8%,P=0.009).结论 伊马替尼能够显著提高Ph~+-ALL患者的CR率和ber-abl融合基因的转阴率,延长非移植患者的缓解期.伊马替尼联合allo-HSCT有望提高Ph~+ -ALL患者的治愈率.     

Recipient‐derived HPA‐1a antibodies: a cause of prolonged thrombocytopenia after unrelated donor stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: Patients with human platelet antigen (HPA) specific antibodies in cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and platelet (PLT) refractoriness derive clinical benefit from the use of HPA‐selected PLTs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study describes three patients with underlying diagnoses of acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and myelodysplasia, respectively, who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with unrelated donors matched at the HLA‐A, B, C, Dr, and DQ loci but who failed to achieve an adequate PLT count. Investigation using PLT immunofluorescence test, monoclonal antibody immobilization of PLT antigens assay, and genotyping revealed the presence of recipient‐derived HPA‐1a antibodies. RESULTS: In two patients, anti‐HPA‐1a was detected post‐BMT and in the third patient, anti‐HPA‐1a was detected during pre‐BMT chemotherapy. Despite apparent 100% engraftment of donor cells, the patients' PLT counts failed to recover 9‐10 months posttransplant. The patients remained PLT‐transfusion dependent and failed to achieve satisfactory increments following random donor or HLA‐matched PLT transfusions. After the identification of HPA‐1a antibodies, the patients were supported by HPA‐1a(‐) PLTs and satisfactory posttransfusion PLT increments were obtained. These cases illustrate that HPA‐1a antibodies may remain detectable for 10 months following apparently successful donor engraftment and the disappearance of recipient‐derived HLA antibodies. The prolonged persistence of recipient‐derived PLT‐specific antibodies following BMT has to our knowledge not been described previously. CONCLUSION: HPA‐1a antibodies were associated with protracted PLT‐transfusion dependence and significant hemorrhagic complications. Appropriate and timely laboratory investigation for HPA‐specific antibodiesfollowed by transfusion support with HPA‐selected PLTs provided the cornerstone of the hemostatic management in these cases.     

非血缘HLA相合供者造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的临床分析

本研究旨在评价HLA不全相合的亲属供者或HLA相合非血缘供者造血干细胞移植在治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效和安全性。在2005年11月至2011年5月期间采用非血缘供者或者单倍体相合供者造血干细胞移植治疗SAA患者20例,其中亲缘HLA不合单倍体相合供者14例,非血缘HLA相合供者6例。预处理采用氟达拉滨(FLU)、环磷酰胺(CTX)和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)方案,移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防方案为经典的环孢素A(CsA)联合短程甲氨蝶呤(MTX)及霉酚酸酯(MMF)。对单倍体相合供者采集经G-CSF动员的骨髓及外周血干细胞联合应用;非血缘供者单纯采集外周血干细胞。结果表明:所有患者均获供者型造血重建,粒细胞植活中位时间14(11-20)d,血小板植活中位时间17(13-31)d,2例取得完全供者植入后2个月发生排斥,其中1例进行母亲单倍体相合供者二次移植,达到完全供者持久植入;移植后发生Ⅱ度急性GVHD 4例,慢性GVHD发生7例,其中1例为慢性广泛性GVHD;14例无病生存,所有存活患者最少随访时间在8个月以上,中位随访时间为48个月,血象完全恢复,Kaplan-Meier计算的累积无病生存率为68.9%。结论:采用FLU、CTX和抗淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白进行预处理,用HLA不全相合的亲属供者或HLA相合非血缘供者造血干细胞移植治疗SAA,植入率高,感染发生率降低,获得良好的长期生存疗效。