本刊可以直接使用的英文缩略语北大核心CSCD

计算机体层摄影术(computed tomography,CT)多层螺旋CT(multiple-slice CT,MSCT)多排螺旋CT(multi-detector CT,MDCT)高分辨率CT(high resolution CT,HRCT)容积CT(volumetric computed tomography,VCT)CT血管造影(computed tomographic angiography,CTA)CT静脉造影(CT venography,CTV)磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)扩散(弥散)加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)     

3D-ASL灌注联合MRA、DWI加权成像评价急性脑梗死缺血半暗带的临床价值研究

目的:探讨三维动脉自旋标记(three dimensional arterial spin labeling,3D-ASL)灌注联合磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)、弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)评价急性脑梗死缺血半暗带...     

超声及影像学常用专业术语中英文对照

正CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

正CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

正CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

<正>CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

<正>CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

<正>CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影今后本刊将在文中直接使用以上专业术语的英文缩写,不再注明英文全称。     

超声及影像学专业常用术语中英文对照

CDFI(color Doppler flow imaging)——彩色多普勒血流成像CT(computed tomography)——计算机断层成像CTA——CT血管造影PET(positron emission tomography)——正电子发射计算机断层显像DSA(digital subtraction angiography)——数字减影血管造影技术MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)——磁共振成像MRA(magnetic resonance angiography)——磁共振血管造影今后本刊将在文中直接使用以上专业术语的英文缩写,不再注明英文全称。     

术中超声联合神经导航应用于低级别胶质瘤显微手术

目的 探讨术中超声（IOUS）联合神经导航在低级别胶质瘤（LGG）显微手术中的应用价值。方法 对34例LGG在IOUS联合神经导航辅助下行显微切除手术,术后72 h内复查MRI,评价肿瘤切除程度,观察术后是否出现脑挫伤、脑出血等IOUS相关不良事件及颅内感染、脑血肿等并发症。结果 34例LGG,IOUS联合神经导航肿瘤发现率100%（34/34）,定位肿瘤准确率100%（34/34）。术后72 h内MRI示肿瘤影像学全切除27例（27/34,79.41%）,次全切除3例（3/34,8.82%）,大部分切除4例（4/34,11.76%）。术后出现颅内感染2例,经抗感染治疗后好转;无IOUS相关不良事件发生。结论 IOUS联合神经导航可精确定位LGG,在最大程度上实现安全切除肿瘤。     

磁共振T2Flair像下扩大切除脑胶质母细胞瘤

目的 探究在磁共振T2Flair序列范围下扩大切除脑胶质母细胞瘤并辅助放化疗对患者预后的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2010年9月~2016年1月我科41例在唤醒麻醉下进行颅内胶质母细胞瘤患者,其中17例MRI T2Flair序列范围下扩大切除的脑胶质母细胞瘤的患者,剩余24例作对照组为T1增强像下切除的脑胶质母细胞瘤的患者。所有病例手术过程中应用术中神经导航结合DTI、皮层电刺激、术中超声、术中肿瘤荧光造影等多种辅助手段,术后病理均确诊为胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）。采用德国Brainlab放疗计划系统分别勾画出术前、术后MRI T1增强病灶及T2Flair范围,进行图像融合,比较术前术后体积,明确肿瘤T1增强切除范围及T2Flair切除范围,所有患者随访至2017年1月,术后病人均行同步放疗及辅助化疗。 结果 对照组24例病例T1增强病灶均全部切除,术后无患者出现神经功能障碍。另外17例T2Flair像扩大切除患者中,7例T2Flair切除0~10%,4例T2Flair切除10%~25%,6例T2Flair切除25%以上;所有病人随访至2017年1月,17例T2Flair切除GBM患者,中位生存时间为30.45月,对照组24例病例切除GBM患者,中位生存时间为15.37月,两组有统计学差异（χ2=6.16,P=0.013）。T2Flair切除范围0~10%组,10%~25%组,25%以上组,各组中位生存时间分别20.16月,45月,33月,组间无明显统计学差异。 结论 唤醒麻醉下应用术中神经导航结合DTI、皮层电刺激、术中超声、术中肿瘤荧光造影等多种辅助手段有效保障了颅内GBM患者的手术安全性,提高了T1增强像的病灶全切率,可以最大安全范围完成了T2Flair的扩大切除;T2Flair的扩大全切除可明显延长GBM患者的生存期,但并非T2Flair像切除越多越好,切除程度之间无明显生存差异。       

神经导航联合脑皮质电图监测在切除脑功能区胶质瘤中的应用

目的 探讨神经导航联合脑皮质电图监测在脑功能区肿瘤手术中的作用和意义.方法 脑功能区脑胶质瘤患者36例,在神经导航联合脑皮质电图监测下进行显微外科手术,观察其手术效果及并发症发生率.结果 神经导航注册精度位(2.0±0.5)mm,利用导航设计的皮瓣与骨瓣完全符合手术要求;术中肿瘤全切除31例,次全切除5例,术后神经功能改善,无明显并发症,无死亡.结论 术中电生理技术能对导航确定的功能区进行再确认,解决术中脑移位及功能构建问题,有助于提高肿瘤全切除率及减少并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects and significance of neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring in resection of eloquent brain glioma. Methods Thirty-six cases with intracranial tumors accepted microneurosurgery resection under neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring. The clinical data and postoperative outcome were analyzed. Results The mean registration error was (2.0 ±0. 5)mm in all operations and all skin flaps and bone windows designed by neuronavigation could fit the operation demands. Total resectin of the tumor was achieved in 31 cases and subtotal resection in 5 cases. Neurological symptoms improved and no severe complications or death happened in all patients. Conclusion Neuronavigation combined with electrocorticography monitoring can accurately locate the eloquent glioma and retrieve the brain shift. This method is a real-time technique and has functional test ability. It can improve the total removal rate and decrease the mortality and disabled rate.     

弥散张量成像对基底节区胶质瘤手术的临床意义

目的探讨弥散张量成像（DTI）对指导手术切除基底节区胶质瘤及降低致残率的临床意义。 方法收集2009~2014年间我科收治的48例基底节区胶质瘤患者,术前行MRI+DTI,用纤维束示踪方法重建出锥体束,明确肿瘤和锥体束的三维空间结构关系,以避开锥体束设计手术入路,按纤维束受肿瘤侵袭程度指导手术切除肿瘤范围,术后评估神经功能状况。同时选取同期30例基底节区胶质瘤未行DTI的手术患者作为对照组,了解两者两组全切率及术后4周KPS评分的差异。 结果对照组镜下全切19例,次全切7例,部分切除4例,全切率63.3%;DTI组镜下全切29例,次全切13例,部分切除6例,镜下全切率60.4%,两组镜下全切率比较,P>0.05,差别无统计学差异;对照组KPS评分为77.67±19.09分;DTI组KPS评分为87.29±14.84分,两组KPS评分比较,P < 0.05,差别有统计学意义。 结论术前DTI检查对指导手术切除基底节区胶质瘤有重要临床意义,起到降低患者致残率和提高术后生存质量的作用,但无提高肿瘤全切率。       

术中超声对颅脑深部占位病变的应用价值

目的 探讨术中超声在颅脑深部占位病变手术中的应用价值.方法 48例颅脑深部占位病变患者在手术切除前后及术中应用实时超声对病灶进行定位及定性诊断,指导临床医师选择合适的手术路径,评价肿瘤的切除程度.结果 32例颅脑深部恶性占位病变患者在边界不清晰、病变周围存在水肿带及病变内有血流信号等方面的检出率分别为53.2%、50.0%及37.5%,16例良性占位病变患者仅4例发现异常血流信号而被诊断,两组检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).16例良性病变患者均于术中超声引导下一次性成功切除,切除率为100%;32例恶性占位病变患者中,17例边界清晰的恶性占位病变均定位准确且完全切除;15例边界不清的恶性占位病变患者中,经术中超声判断存在残留5例,完全切除6例,无法判断4例.术中超声判断颅脑深部恶性占位病变完全切除率为87.5%(28/32).术后经MRI诊断及再次手术病理证实残留3例,术后半年内肿瘤再次复发者2例.术中超声定位引导下肿瘤总体完全切除率为91.6%(44/48).结论 术中超声对颅脑深部占位病变可进行初步定性诊断,并可对病灶准确定位,指导临床医师选择合适的手术方式,提高颅脑深部肿瘤的切除准确率.     

神经导航辅助显微手术治疗脑中央沟周围肿瘤

目的　评价神经导航辅助显微手术在治疗脑中央沟周围肿瘤中的应用价值。方法　在 2 6例脑中央沟周围肿瘤的显微手术中 ,应用神经导航系统实时指导手术操作。对神经导航系统的精确性、治疗效果进行分析。结果　 2 6例平均坐标误差为 ( 2 71± 1 0 3 )mm ,肿瘤全切除 19例 ,次全切除 6例 ,大部切除 1例。术后 1周神经功能改善或无变化 2 1例 ,加重 5例 ,无手术死亡。结论　在脑中央沟周围肿瘤的显微手术中 ,神经导航系统可实时指导手术操作 ,有助于提高肿瘤全切除率 ,减轻对脑组织的损伤 ,降低神经功能缺失等并发症 ,效果满意     

Intraoperative visualization of the pyramidal tract by diffusion-tensor-imaging-based fiber tracking

Functional neuronavigation allows intraoperative visualization of cortical eloquent brain areas. Major white matter tracts, such as the pyramidal tract, can be delineated by diffusion-tensor-imaging based fiber tracking. These tractography data were integrated into 3-D datasets applied for neuronavigation by rigid registration of the diffusion images with standard anatomical image data so that their course could be superimposed onto the surgical field during resection of gliomas. Intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging was used to compensate for the effects of brain shift, which amounted up to 8 mm. Despite image distortion of echo planar images, which was identified by non-linear registration techniques, navigation was reliable. In none of the 19 patients new postoperative neurological deficits were encountered. Intraoperative visualization of major white matter tracts allows save resection of gliomas near eloquent brain areas. A possible shifting of the pyramidal tract has to be taken into account after major tumor parts are resected.     

听神经瘤显微外科手术中的听觉功能保护

目的:探讨显微外科手术治疗听神经瘤听觉功能的保护以及影响术后听力的因素。方法:对53例听神经瘤患者施行枕后乙状窦后入路显微外科手术,比较术前术后患者的听力。结果:本组病例肿瘤手术全切48例(90.6%),次全切除5例(9.4%),听神经解剖保留47例(88.7%)。术后2周保留有效听力10例(71.4%),有效听力丧失但保留可测听力27例,听力完全丧失16例。2 cm肿瘤术后保留有效听力5例(45.5%),2 cm肿瘤术后保留有效听力6例(14.3%)。结论:肿瘤的大小与听力保留有相关性,手术入路的选择、手术操作的经验和技巧是成功切除肿瘤和保存神经功能的关键。     

神经影像导航辅助下的颞叶前部显微切除术治疗顽固性颞叶癫痫

目的：探讨神经影像导航辅助下的颞叶前部显微切除术对顽固性颞叶癫痫的治疗效果。方法：诊断明确的顽固性颞叶癫痫病人18例，术前行脑电图、SPECT及MRI检查，明确病侧颞叶。用StealthStation神经导航系统及术中皮层脑电图，在显微镜下行颞叶前部及海马全切除术。结果：14例术后无发作，脑电图检查未见痫样放电；4例发作次数减少，其中2例脑电图见对侧颞叶痫样放电。术后患者神经功能保持良好，未出现明显后遗症。结论：神经影像导航辅助下的颞叶前部及海马显微切除术是治疗顽固性颞叶癫痫的有效方法；对于诊断明确的颞叶癫痫应尽早手术，以免癫痫频繁发作造成对侧的继发性损伤。     

Intraoperative application of yellow fluorescence in resection of intramedullary spinal canal ependymoma

BackgroundSpinal ependymoma is the most common intramedullary tumor in adults. This study was performed to evaluate whether intraoperative yellow fluorescence use enhances our ability to identify the tumor margin and residual tumor tissue in intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma resection. We also evaluated patients’ clinical conditions at a 3-month follow-up.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 56 patients with intramedullary ependymoma. Thirty minutes before anesthesia, the patients received intravenous sodium fluorescein injections. Tumor resection was performed under two illumination modes, traditional white light and yellow fluorescence, and the residual tumor tissue was detected. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3 months postoperatively to observe the tumor resection outcome and residual tumor tissue. The McCormick spinal cord function grade was evaluated preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsThe total resection rate was 100.0% in all patients. Nine patients had no significant fluorescence imaging. After 3 months, patients with a spinal function grade of I to IV showed significant spinal function improvement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no residual tumor tissue or recurrence.ConclusionSodium fluorescein aids in total excision of intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma and intraoperative residual tumor tissue identification. At the 3-month follow-up, the patients’ functional outcome in the fluorescein group was good.