共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
Objectives:
(1) To find out the prevalence of dementia in the study population and its social determinants. (2) To explore the family caregivers’ perceptions and their support needs.Materials and Methods - Study Setting:
This study was undertaken in the field practice area of 55 villages of three Primary Health Centres in Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu.Study Design:
An exploratory mixed-methods study design, where a qualitative method (key informant interview) was followed by a quantitative method (survey).Sample Size:
A representative sample of 1300 respondents was selected by two-stage sampling.Analysis:
Manual content analysis was done for qualitative data. Multiple logistic regression was performed on quantitative data.Results:
The prevalence of dementia among study sample was found to be 3.1%. The determinants for dementia were age, sex, socioeconomic status, and previous involvement in family decision making and cardiovascular risk factors. The family caregivers strongly felt that caregiving interferes with their personal and professional life; they also felt that caregiving is an integral part of Indian culture, and the elderly prefer home-based care. Caregivers preferred government owned public health facility for medical care. All the responding caregivers strongly felt that they are not adequately trained in caregiving.Conclusions and Recommendations:
Routine screening of elderly for early identification of dementia and its medical and social risk factors should be initiated in primary health care facility. Care of caregivers should be seen as an integral part of dementia care program. 相似文献2.
Dharmendra Kumar Syed Moied Ahmed Shahna Ali Utpal Ray Ankur Varshney Kashmiri Doley 《Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine》2015,19(11):648-654
Background:
Central venous pressure (CVP) assesses the volume status of patients. However, this technique is not without complications. We, therefore, measured peripheral venous pressure (PVP) to see whether it can replace CVP.Aims:
To evaluate the correlation and agreement between CVP and PVP after passive leg raise (PLR) in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.Setting and Design:
Prospective observational study in Intensive Care Unit.Methods:
Fifty critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation were included in the study. CVP and PVP measurements were taken using a water column manometer. Measurements were taken in the supine position and subsequently after a PLR of 45°.Statistical Analysis:
Pearson''s correlation and Bland–Altman''s analysis.Results:
This study showed a fair correlation between CVP and PVP after a PLR of 45° (correlation coefficient, r = 0.479; P = 0.0004) when the CVP was <10 cmH2O. However, the correlation was good when the CVP was >10 cmH2O. Bland–Altman analysis showed 95% limits of agreement to be −2.912–9.472.Conclusion:
PVP can replace CVP for guiding fluid therapy in critically ill patients. 相似文献3.
Background:
Many patients on peritoneal dialysis experience a poor quality of life because of a high burden of comorbid conditions. Dialysists must pay more attention to reducing a patient''s pain and suffering, both physical and psychological and improve the quality of life for the patients as much as possible. A consensus regarding eligibility for palliative care and the delivery of these inventions does not currently exist.Objective:
The present study aimed to describe the implementation of palliative care for end-stage renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis.Design:
A report on three cases.Materials and Methods:
This study included three outpatients on peritoneal dialysis who received palliative care and died between January 2008 and June 2010.Measurements:
The patients'' comorbidities, nutritional status, and functional status were evaluated using the Charlson comorbidity score, subjective global assessment, and Karnofsky Performance Score index, respectively. The Hamilton depression and Hamilton anxiety scales were also employed. The patients'' clinical manifestations and treatments were reviewed.Results:
Each patient displayed 11-16 symptoms. The Charlson comorbidity scores were from 11 to 13, the subjective global assessment indicated that two patients were class assigned to “C” and one to class “B”, and the mean Karnofsky index was <40. Among these patients, all experienced depression and two experienced anxiety, Low doses of hypertonic glucose solutions, skin care, psychological services, and tranquillizers were intermittently used to alleviate symptoms, after making the decision to terminate dialysis. The patients died 5 days to 2 months after dialysis withdrawal.Conclusion:
The considerable burden associated with comorbid conditions, malnutrition, poor functional status, and serious psychological problems are predictors of poor patient prognoses. Withdrawal of dialysis, palliative care, and psychological interventions can reduce patient distress and improve the quality of life before death, with the care provided. 相似文献4.
Rajesh Padhi Baikuntha Nath Panda Snehalata Jagati Subhas Chandra Patra 《Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine》2014,18(2):83-87
Context:
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in critically ill hence understanding its implications is important.Aims:
This study was carried out to ascertain frequency, predisposing conditions and outcome in critically ill patients with hyponatremia on intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Settings and Design:
This was an observational, prospective study of a series of ICU patients during a 12-month period.Materials and Methods:
The patients were divided into two groups: Hyponatremic (serum sodium < 135 mmol/L) and Eunatremic groups (135-145 mmol/L). Clinical examination included volume status and drug history, biochemistries, clinical diagnosis and cause of hyponatremia.Statistical Analysis Used:
Fisher''s exact test, unpaired t-tests Wilcoxon ranksum tests, profile-likelihood method, log-rank test and Kaplan—Meier curves were used. P < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results:
In the hyponatremic group, the frequency of hyponatremia on ICU admission was 34.3%, most were euvolumic, 58.96%. Females comprised of 36.5%. The mean age was 60.4 ± 17.2. The Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) criteria was met in ninety-one patients (36.25%), peumonia being the leading cause of SIADH. Patients with severe sepsis, elective surgery patients, renal failure and heart failure, cirrhosis of liver and subarachnoid hemorrhage were other more likely etiologic causes (P < 0.05). The hyponatremic group spent a longer time in the ICU (P = 0.02), had longer mechanical ventilator days (P < 0.05) and had an increased mortality rate (P = 0.01).Conclusions:
Hyponatremia present on admission to the ICU is independent risk factors for poor prognosis. 相似文献5.
Radoslaw Zajdel Justyna Zajdel Anna Zwolińska Janusz ?migielski Piotr Beling Tomasz Cegliński Dariusz Nowak 《Archives of Medical Science》2012,8(5):892-898
Introduction
Mobile phone conversation decreases the ability to concentrate and impairs the attention necessary to perform complex activities, such as driving a car. Does the ringing sound of a mobile phone affect the driver''s ability to perform complex sensory-motor activities? We compared a subject''s reaction time while performing a test either with a mobile phone ringing or without.Material and methods
The examination was performed on a PC-based reaction time self-constructed system Reactor. The study group consisted of 42 healthy students. The protocol included instruction, control without phone and a proper session with subject''s mobile phone ringing. The terms of the study were standardised.Results
There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in reaction time in control (597 ms), mobile (633 ms) and instruction session (673 ms). The differences in female subpopulation were also significant (p < 0.01). Women revealed the longest reaction time in instruction session (707 ms), were significantly quicker in mobile (657 ms, p < 0.01) and in control session (612 ms, p < 0.001). In men, the significant difference was recorded only between instruction (622 ms) and control session (573 ms, p < 0.01). The other differences were not significant (p > 0.08). Men proofed to complete significantly quicker than women in instruction (p < 0.01) and in mobile session (p < 0.05). Differences amongst the genders in control session was not significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions
The results obtained proofed the ringing of a phone exerts a significant influence on complex reaction time and quality of performed task. 相似文献6.
Bredy Pierre-Louis Achuta K. Guddati Muhammed Khyzar Hayat Syed Vanessa E. Gorospe Mark Manguerra Chaitali Bagchi Wilbert S. Aronow Chul Ahn 《Archives of Medical Science》2014,10(1):25-32
Introduction
To investigate if decreased exercise capacity is an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in diabetics and nondiabetics.Material and methods
The association of decreased exercise capacity (EC) during a treadmill exercise sestamibi stress test with MACE was investigated in 490 nondiabetics and 404 diabetics. Mean follow-up was 53 months.Results
Nondiabetics with a predicted EC < 85% had a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (34% vs. 19%, p = 0.0002), 2- or 3-vessel obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (31% vs. 13%, p = 0.016), myocardial infarction (MI) (17% vs. 7%, p = 0.0005), stroke (8% vs. 2%, p = 0.002), death (11% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002), and MI or stroke or death at follow-up (32% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) compared to nondiabetics with a predicted EC ≥ 85%. Diabetics with a predicted EC < 85% had a higher prevalence of myocardial ischemia (48% vs. 32%, p = 0.0009), 2- or 3-vessel obstructive CAD (54% vs. 28%, p = 0.001), MI (32% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), stroke (22% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), death (17% vs. 9%, p = 0.031), and MI or stroke or death at follow-up (65% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed decreased EC was an independent and significant risk factor for MACE among nondiabetics (hazard ratio 3.3, p < 0.0001) and diabetics (hazard ratio 2.7, p < 0.0001).Conclusions
Diabetics and nondiabetics with decreased EC were at increased risk for MACE with nondiabetics and decreased EC at similar risk as diabetics with normal EC. 相似文献7.
Purpose
Patients with stroke suffer from physical disabilities, followed by mental instability. Their caregivers also suffer from mental instability. The present study attempted to address the degree and the change of the level of Purpose in Life (PIL) in patients with stroke and caregivers by applying art therapy using colors.Materials and Methods
Twenty-eight stroke patients with a good functional recovery or a moderate disability and their 28 caregivers were selected and evaluated. The period of the study between the stroke and color therapy was more than 6 months. Patients and caregivers were divided into the color therapy (28) and control groups (28). A questionnaire, which measures the level of PIL was conducted separately for patients and caregivers prior to the first session of color therapy (2 hours per week, total 16 sessions). The final examination was performed 5 months after the last color therapy session.Results
There was significant difference between before and after color therapy when the level of PIL was measured both in patients and caregivers (p<0.01). These were the same between the color therapy group, compared with the control group (p<0.01). As color therapy progressed to the late phase, patients and caregivers applied increasing number of colors and color intensity.Conclusion
These results prove that color therapy will improve PIL of the patients with post-stroke disability and caregivers. Furthermore, color therapy would be a useful adjuvant for improving the quality of life of the patients with stroke and their caregivers. 相似文献8.
Bashu Dev Parajuli Gentle S. Shrestha Bishwas Pradhan Roshana Amatya 《Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine》2015,19(2):87-91
Context:
Clinical assessment of severity of illness is an essential component of medical practice to predict the outcome of critically ill-patient. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) model is one of the widely used scoring systems.Aims:
This study was designed to evaluate the Performance of APACHE II and IV scoring systems in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Settings and Design:
A prospective study in 6 bedded ICU, including 76 patients all above 15 years.Subjects and Methods:
APACHE II and APACHE IV scores were calculated based on the worst values in the first 24 h of admission. All enrolled patients were followed, and outcome was recorded as survivors or nonsurvivors.Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS version 17.Results:
The mean APACHE score was significantly higher among nonsurvivors than survivors (P < 0.005). Discrimination for APACHE II and APACHE IV was fair with area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 and 0.79 respectively. The cut-off point with best Youden index for APACHE II was 17 and for APACHE IV was 85. Above cut-off point, mortality was higher for both models (P < 0.005). Hosmer–Lemeshow Chi-square coefficient test showed better calibration for APACHE II than APACHE IV. A positive correlation was seen between the models with Spearman''s correlation coefficient of 0.748 (P < 0.01).Conclusions:
Discrimination was better for APACHE IV than APACHE II model however Calibration was better for APACHE II than APACHE IV model in our study. There was good correlation between the two models observed in our study. 相似文献9.
Aijun Ma Xudong Pan Yubo Xing Mei Wu Yuan Wang Cuiling Ma 《Archives of Medical Science》2014,10(1):47-52
Introduction
Currently there are no reliable biological markers for ischemic stroke. The novel chemokine CXCL16 is known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the real role of CXCL16 in atherosclerotic disorders remains uncertain. The goal of our study was to investigate the associations between serum-soluble CXCL16 level and atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, including large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small artery occlusion (SAO) subtypes, and to explore whether elevation in CXCL16 levels is correlated with the severity of large arterial stenosis.Material and methods
The study recruited 227 subjects, including 74 controls and 153 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke from atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. The etiology of the acute ischemic strokes was classified into LAA (n = 86) subtype and SAO (n = 67) subtype according to the TOAST criteria, and the severity of carotid artery stenosis was assessed by the NASCET criteria. Serum-soluble CXCL16 concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results
Serum CXCL16 concentrations were significantly increased in both LAA (2.36 ng/ml) and SAO subtypes (2.13 ng/ml) when compared to that of the controls (2.04 ng/ml, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), and it was significantly elevated in LAA subtype than in SAO subtype (p < 0.05). However, significant differences in CXCL16 levels between the high-grade stenosis group (2.36 ng/ml) and moderate-grade stenosis group (2.24 ng/ml) of LAA subtype were not found (p > 0.05). A correlation of serum levels of CXCL16 with serum levels of hs-CRP, fibrinogen and lipid parameters was not observed (p > 0.05).Conclusions
Increased serum level of soluble CXCL16 was independently associated with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, particularly LAA subtype. 相似文献10.
Korhan Soylu ?mer Gedikli Alay Ek?i Yonca Avc?o?lu Ay?egül ?dil Soylu Serkan Yüksel G?khan Aksan Okan Gülel ?zcan Y?lmaz 《Archives of Medical Science》2016,12(1):95-100
Introduction
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is an essential marker of inflammation, has been shown to be associated with adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases in the literature. In this study we sought to evaluate the association between NLR and prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (APE).Material and methods
We retrospectively evaluated blood counts and clinical data of 142 patients with the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) from Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital between January 2006 and December 2012. The patients were divided into two groups according to NLR: NLR < 4.4 (low NLR group, n = 71) and NLR ≥ 4.4 (high NLR group, n = 71).Results
Massive embolism (66.2% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (21.1%, 1.4%, p < 0.001) were higher in the high NLR group. In multivariate regression analysis NLR ≥ 5.7, systolic blood pressure (BP) < 90 mm Hg, serum glucose > 126 mg/dl, heart rate > 110 beats/min, and PCO2 < 35 or > 50 mm Hg were predictors of in-hospital mortality. The optimal NLR cutoff value was 5.7 for mortality in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Having an NLR value above 5.7 was found to be associated with a 10.8 times higher mortality rate than an NLR value below 5.7.Conclusions
In patients presenting with APE, NLR value is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and may be used for clinical risk classification. 相似文献11.
Donna M Zulman John D Piette Emily C Jenchura Steven M Asch Ann-Marie Rosland 《Journal of medical Internet research》2013,15(7)
Background
Many patients with chronic conditions are supported by out-of-home informal caregivers—family members, friends, and other individuals who provide care and support without pay—who, if armed with effective consumer health information technology, could inexpensively facilitate their care.Objective
We sought to understand caregivers’ use of, interest in, and perceived barriers to health information technology for out-of-home caregiving.Methods
We conducted 2 sequential Web-based surveys with a national sample of individuals who provide out-of-home caregiving to an adult family member or friend with a chronic illness. We queried respondents about their use of health information technology for out-of-home caregiving and used multivariable regression to investigate caregiver and care-recipient characteristics associated with caregivers’ technology use for caregiving.Results
Among 316 out-of-home caregiver respondents, 34.5% (109/316) reported using health information technology for caregiving activities. The likelihood of a caregiver using technology increased significantly with intensity of caregiving (as measured by number of out-of-home caregiving activities). Compared with very low intensity caregivers, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of technology use was 1.88 (95% CI 1.01-3.50) for low intensity caregivers, 2.39 (95% CI 1.11-5.15) for moderate intensity caregivers, and 3.70 (95% CI 1.62-8.45) for high intensity caregivers. Over 70% (149/207) of technology nonusers reported interest in using technology in the future to support caregiving. The most commonly cited barriers to technology use for caregiving were health system privacy rules that restrict access to care-recipients’ health information and lack of familiarity with programs or websites that facilitate out-of-home caregiving.Conclusions
Health information technology use for out-of-home caregiving is common, especially among individuals who provide more intense caregiving. Health care systems can address the mismatch between caregivers’ interest in and use of technology by modifying privacy policies that impede information exchange. 相似文献12.
Adrian Mas?oń Dariusz Witoński Tadeusz Modrzewski Mateusz Grabicki Marcin Sibiński Andrzej Grzegorzewski 《Archives of Medical Science》2014,10(3):531-536
Introduction
Cartilage lesion with patellar malalignment may be correlated with pain. Situations in which patients with recurrent patellar dislocation are painless between episodes of luxation can be approached with considerable curiosity. We evaluated the distribution of substance-P and S-100 protein expression in soft tissue of the knee in children with recurrent patellar dislocation, in order to evaluate the distribution of nociceptors and determine tissue origins of this situation.Material and methods
Samples were collected from the medial and lateral synovial membrane, medial and lateral patellar retinaculum, Hoffa''s body, patellar ligament, and quadriceps’ aponeurosis in 10 children during the Blauth procedure and 10 adults with idiopathic osteoarthritis during total joint alloplasty. The density of nociceptive fibres was compared in the children and adults using S-100 and substance-P monoclonal antibodies.Results
Statistical differences between groups were demonstrated for S-100 expression in synovial membrane of the medial knee compartment (p < 0.05) and for substance-P expression in the medial patellar retinaculum (p < 0.05) and synovial membrane of the lateral (p < 0.05) and medial (p < 0.05) knee compartment in favour of children.Conclusions
Lack of pain sensations in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation may be associated with non-increased expression of nerve endings in Hoffa''s body. Increased expression of either S-100 protein or substance-P in synovial membrane and the medial retinaculum did not induce pain development in the knee joints of that group of patients. 相似文献13.
Tahir Mehmood Khan Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman Mohamed Azmi Hassali 《Archives of Medical Science》2012,8(4):697-703
Introduction
This study aims to highlight the factors associated with suicidal behavior among patients with depressive disorders.Material and methods
A retrospective (Jan 2002 – Dec 2007) evaluation of medical records was done at the psychiatric clinic at the Penang (Malaysia) Public Hospital. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 13®. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to assess the association among variables. Odds ratios were calculated. Multiple logistic regression was applied to identify the predictors for suicidal behavior.Results
Of 298 patients, 99 patients reported having thoughts of suicide. Overall, female respondents, particularly Chinese, constituted the majority reporting suicidal thoughts (p = 0.01). Cigarette (p < 0.01) and alcohol use (p < 0.01) were found to be associated with suicidal ideation. Among patients with medical comorbidities, diabetics were at a high risk for suicidal thoughts (odds ratio – OR = 1.05, 95% confidence interval – CI 0.45-2.46). In terms of social problems, marital and relationship difficulties were the main risk factors (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.16-3.58). The significant predictors for suicidal behavior were found to be smoking and alcohol use (adjusted R2 = 0.39, F change = 75.55, p < 0.01).Conclusions
Chinese females were found at higher risk of suicidal ideation, as were smokers and alcohol users. The elderly aged 50 and over were also at a higher risk, followed by adolescents and youths aged 15-24 years. Comorbid medical complications and social problems were other factors that may contribute to suicidal ideation among the patients with depressive disorders. 相似文献14.
Priyadarshini Kulkarni Pradeep Kulkarni Ravindra Ghooi Madhura Bhatwadekar Nandini Thatte Vrushali Anavkar 《Indian Journal of Palliative Care》2014,20(1):31-39
Aims:
The aim of the present study is to assess the level and areas of stress among care givers nursing their loved ones suffering from cancer.Setting and Design:
An assessment of care givers’ stress providing care to cancer patients at Cipla Palliative Care Center was conducted. The study involves data collection using a questionnaire and subsequent analysis.Materials and Methods:
A close-ended questionnaire that had seven sections on different aspects of caregivers’ stress was developed and administered to 137 participants and purpose of conducting the survey was explained to their understanding. Caregivers who were willing to participate were asked to read and/or explained the questions and requested to reply as per the scales given. Data was collected in the questionnaires and was quantitatively analyzed.Results:
The study results showed that overall stress level among caregivers is 5.18 ± 0.26 (on a scale of 0-10); of the total, nearly 62% of caregivers were ready to ask for professional help from nurses, medical social workers and counselors to cope up with their stress.Conclusion:
Stress among caregivers ultimately affects quality of care that is being provided to the patient. This is also because they are unprepared to provide care, have inadequate knowledge about care giving along with financial burden, physical and emotional stress. Thus interventions are needed to help caregivers to strengthen their confidence in giving care and come out with better quality of care. 相似文献15.
Ewa H. Mojs Katarzyna Warcho?-Biedermann Maria D. G?owacka Wojciech Strzelecki Beata Ziemska W?odzimierz Samborski 《Archives of Medical Science》2015,11(3):605-611
Introduction
Depression may affect up to 9.8% of adolescents and young adults and is associated with significant life-long consequences. The aim of our study was to assess the association between symptoms of depression and demographic factors such as gender, having brothers or sisters, background (rural/small town or urban permanent place of residence), perceived financial status, current living arrangements, year and major area of study.Material and methods
One thousand one hundred eighty-three students of medical or similar faculties, 71% of whom were females, anonymously answered the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS) and completed a demographic questionnaire.Results
We found that 6.5% of all participants (n = 77) had depression according to Kutcher''s criteria whereas 1.5% of them (n = 18) reported suicidal thoughts. We also observed the influence of such factors as gender (p < 0.009), year (p < 0.001), major area of study (p < 0.034), and financial status (p < 0.000–0.003), on depression scores. Moreover, depressive symptomatology was most frequent in subjects who were only children, in freshmen and in students of psychology (11.5%, 13.2% and 16.7% respectively). However, we did not observe an impact of such agents as students’ permanent place of residence (p = 0.929) or current living arrangements on depressive symptoms (p = 0.940).Conclusions
Susceptibility to depression fluctuates throughout the course of study and depends on factors associated with the study itself such as the student''s major or year of study and other socio-demographic agents, i.e. gender or self-reported financial status. 相似文献16.
Prerana N Shah Vaibhao Dongre Vijay Patil Sarla Pandya Ashish Mungantiwar Amol Choulwar 《Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine》2014,18(5):291-296
Context:
Critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation frequently need sedatives and analgesics to facilitate their care. Dexmedetomidine, a short-acting alpha-2-agonist, possesses anxiolytic, anesthetic, hypnotic, and analgesic properties.Aims:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in comparison to propofol in the management of sedation for post-operative intensive care unit (ICU) patients, as a sedative agent.Settings and Design:
Teaching hospital, A phase III, prospective, open, randomized and comparative.Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients who were ambulatory and who required the post-operative mechanical ventilation or post-operative sedation were enrolled, in which 15 patients received Dexmedetomidine and remaining 15 patients received propofol. All these patients were treated for the period of 8 to 24 h.Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using Student''s t-test and Chi-square test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:
Demographic data were comparable. Pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure were comparable. Depth of sedation and extubation time were similar. To maintain analgesia throughout the study period, patients receiving propofol infusions required significantly more analgesics than patients receiving Dexmedetomidine.Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine appears to be a safe and acceptable ICU sedative agent when both the clinician''s and patient''s perspectives are considered. 相似文献17.
Aleksandra Januszek-Trzci?kowska Ewa Ma?ecka-Tendera Katarzyna Klimek Pawe? Matusik 《Archives of Medical Science》2014,10(5):880-885
Introduction
The study aim was to evaluate risk factors of obesity in Polish children aged 7 to 9 years.Material and methods
A representative group of 2571 children (1268 girls and 1303 boys) was randomly selected according to the European Childhood Obesity Group protocol. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A questionnaire was completed by the children''s parents with respect to behavioural and family-related risk factors of obesity. International Obesity Task Force criteria were used for classification of children''s obesity.Results
Obesity was found in 3.7% of girls and 3.6% of boys. There was a statistically significant association between the prevalence of obesity in girls and their mother''s obesity: OR = 5.06 (1.96–13.05), p < 0.001, father''s obesity: OR = 5.19 (1.96–13.69), p < 0.001, and both parents’ obesity: OR = 5.43 (1.39–21.29), p = 0.01. Obesity in boys was significantly associated with mother''s obesity: OR = 5.6 (2.6–12.02), p < 0.001, father''s obesity: OR = 6.21 (2.89–13.37), p < 0.001, and both parents’ obesity: OR = 7.22 (2.44–31.33), p < 0.001. Skipping or irregular eating of breakfast was a risk factor for obesity in girls with OR = 2.71 (1.33–5.51), p = 0.005. Neither family income nor parents’ education level was related to their offspring''s obesity. TV watching, physical activity level and eating in fast food places were not significant risk factors for obesity.Conclusions
Eating breakfast regularly seems to protect girls from obesity development while low physical activity is not a significant obesity risk factor in this age group for either boys or girls. This finding stresses the more important role of healthy diet than physical activity promotion in obesity prevention in prepubertal children. 相似文献18.
Sushma Bhatnagar Saraswathi Devi NK Vinod PN Jain G Durgaprasad Sanjaykumar H Maroo Ketan R Patel 《Indian Journal of Palliative Care》2014,20(3):182-187
Aim:
To compare the efficacy and safety of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) and oral morphine in Indian patients with breakthrough episodes of cancer pain.Materials and Methods:
In this randomized, open label, active controlled, clinical study, total 186 patients who regularly experienced 1-4 episodes of breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) daily, over the persistent pain controlled by taking oral morphine 60 mg/day or its equivalent were randomized to receive either OTFC 200 mcg or oral morphine 10 mg for the treatment of BTCP for 3 days. Improvement in pain as determined by numerical rating scale (NRS) at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of drug administration and percentage of BTCP episodes showing reduction in pain intensity by >33% at 15 minutes were primary efficacy endpoints. Secondary efficacy endpoints were requirement for rescue analgesia and global assessment by physician and patient. Data of both treatment groups were analysed by appropriate statistical test using software, STATISTICA, version 11.Results:
Patients treated with OTFC experienced significantly greater improvement in pain intensity of breakthrough episodes compared to those treated with oral morphine at all assessment time points (P < 0.0001). 56% of breakthrough pain episodes treated with OTFC showed a greater than 33% reduction in pain intensity from baseline at 15 minutes compared to 39% episodes treated with oral morphine (P < 0.0001). Patient''s and physician''s global assessment favoured OTFC than oral morphine (P < 0.0001). Requirement of rescue analgesia in both the study groups was similar (P > 0.05). Both study drugs were well tolerated.Conclusions:
OTFC was found to provide faster onset of analgesic effect than immediate release oral morphine in management of breakthrough cancer pain. 相似文献19.
Background
Frenkel''s ambulatory activity has been routinely employed by physiotherapists for rehabilitation of gait coordination, however, its immediate influence on blood pressure and heart rate has not been investigated.Objective
To investigate the acute effect of Frenkel''s ambulatory activity on blood pressure and heart rate of chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors.Method
Using a comparative study design, 60 chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors of varying onset of stroke, ≤6, >6–11 and ≥12 months were subjected to a 2-minute Frenkel''s ambulatory activity on marked footsteps (from standard adult described footsteps). Participants were assessed for both blood pressure and heart rate before and after the Frenkel''s ambulatory activity.Results
Blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased (p<0.05) following Frenkel''s ambulatory activity in all the 3 categories of stroke onset above baseline. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) across the onsets in both blood pressure and heart rate responses.Conclusion
The outcome of this study indicated that Frenkel''s ambulatory activity has the propensity to increase blood pressure and heart rate of hemiparetic stroke survivors irrespective of the onset of stroke. We recommend a pre, within and post-activity monitoring of stroke survivors while subjecting them to Frenkel''s ambulatory activity. 相似文献20.
Jieun Jang Sung Phil Chung Incheol Park Je Sung You Hye Sun Lee Jong Woo Park Tae Nyoung Chung Hyun Soo Chung Hahn Shick Lee 《Yonsei medical journal》2014,55(2):410-416