心房颤动导管消融术后电复律即刻成功预测因素分析

目的:对影响心房颤动导管消融术后3个月内复发患者直流电复律成功率的因素进行回顾性研究。方法:连续入选2010年11月至2011年11月,在北京安贞医院心内科二病房行持续性心房颤动导管消融术,且在术后3个月内因持续性房性心律失常住院行电复律的患者。禁食状态下,地西泮静脉注射镇静,行双向同步直流电复律,除颤电极片置于心尖区及胸骨旁右侧,能量依次采用50～200J。结果:共入选63例患者,年龄33～69岁,平均心房颤动病史14.6个月,左心房直径(42.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数(62.9±5.3)%。复发持续性心律失常中46%为心房扑动,54%为心房颤动,共进行97次电复律。患者即刻复律成功率为77%,其中80%一次放电复律成功。在年龄、性别、合并疾病、左心室射血分数、术前是否服用心律平等方面,即刻复律成功组与即刻失败组相比,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析示年龄、左心房扩大心房颤动持续时间与电复律即刻成功率显著相关。进行Logistic回归分析校正上述因素后发现,术前心房颤动持续时间(OR=0.957,95%CI:0.921～0.994,P=0.023)和术前服用胺碘酮是复律成功率的独立预测因素。即刻成功的定义是复律后维持窦性心律>24 h。结论:心房颤动导管消融术后早期复发的患者,术前心房颤动持续时间和术前服用胺碘酮是电复律即刻成功的独立预测因素。     

左房机械功能对持续性心房颤动电复律术后疗效的影响

目的探讨左房机械功能对持续性心房颤动(简称房颤)电复律术后疗效影响。方法选择30例持续性房颤成功电复律患者,应用超声心动图测定其电复律术后48 h静息时窦性心律(简称窦律)下最大二尖瓣口面积、A波速度峰值(PMA),E波速度峰值(PME),计算左房射血力,测量左房内径,随访2个月,分析左房机械功能指标与持续性房颤电复律术后复发的关系。结果有11例(36.7%)患者电复律术后2个月复发,复发组左房射血力较窦律维持组明显下降[(8.5±2.4)×10-5N vs(11.4±3.6)×10-5N,P=0.020〗;复发组6例左房机械功能低下,较窦律维持组(5例)显著升高(54.5%vs 26.3%,χ2=4.9,P=0.042)。而复发组左房内径有增大的趋势(37.3±4.1mm vs 34.4±4.2 mm,P=0.077)。结论左房机械功能低下是持续性房颤电复律术后近期复发的危险因素。     

整夜完全睡眠剥夺对某部队军人动态血压的影响

目的探讨急性睡眠剥夺对驻军某部队军人动态血压各项指标的影响及可能的发生机制。方法选择驻军某部队60名健康军人进行横断面研究,采用24 h整夜完全睡眠剥夺方法。在睡眠剥夺过程中应用动态血压记录仪监测血压等各项指标。睡眠剥夺后检测儿茶酚胺(多巴胺、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素)、肾素、血管紧张素和醛固酮水平。恢复1周后再次检测血儿茶酚胺水平作为对照。结果睡眠剥夺后:(1)夜间血压负荷增高,夜间收缩压负荷为55.3%±37.0%,夜间舒张压负荷为26.5%±28.8%;(2)血儿茶酚胺水平升高,与恢复期比较差异有统计学意义[多巴胺(8.76±2.63)μg/L比(7.44±2.54)μg/L,肾上腺素(31.91±11.79)μg/L比(25.58±8.51)μg/L,去甲肾上腺素(2.12±1.03)μg/L比(1.27±0.47)μg/L]。肾上腺素水平与平均心率呈正相关(r=0.446,P<0.05)。肾素、血管紧张素和醛固酮水平升高[肾素(3.33±2.00)nmol.L-1.h-1,血管紧张素Ⅱ(67.98±27.46)ng/L,醛固酮(495.58±70.04)pmol/L]。结论急性整夜完全睡眠剥夺可导致健康成年男性夜间血压负荷增高,昼夜节律消失,是高血压发生的危险因素,可能会增加心血管事件的风险。睡眠剥夺后血儿茶酚胺、肾素、血管紧张素和醛固酮水平升高,提示儿茶酚胺与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统可能共同参与动态血压的调节。     

特发性持续性心房颤动患者基质金属蛋白酶-9的水平及对复律的影响

选取56例特发性持续性心房颤动(IPAF)患者为IPAF组,60例体检健康者为对照组,检测两组的基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的含量。IPAF组患者使用胺碘酮和电复律转复窦性心律并随访3个月。结果:IPAF组MMP-9水平明显高于对照组(198.64±36.21ng/mlvs83.19±24.25ng/ml,P<0.05)。19例心房颤动复发组MMP-9水平明显高于维持窦性心律组(231.33±42.1ng/ml,151.4±31.2ng/ml,P<0.05)。结论:心房颤动患者MMP-9水平增高,且与复律是否成功相关。     

老年血液透析患者血压升高的机制及促红细胞生成素的影响

目的　探讨老年血液透析患者血压升高的机制以及基因重组促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO ,EPO)对维持性血液透析患者血管活性介质的影响。　方法　 5 2例老年血液透析患者 ,合并高血压者 2 3例 (HBP组 ) ,正常血压者 2 9例 (NBP组 )。检测血中血管活性介质 :内皮素 (ET)、肾素活性 (PRA)、醛固酮 (PA)、血管紧张素Ⅰ (AⅠ )、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )、多巴胺 (DA)、肾上腺素 (E)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE)。NBP组中 15例静脉 1次注射EPO 30 0 0U(EPO组 ) ,14例作为对照 (NS组 )静脉注射生理盐水。均于注射后第 1、3、6、9、12、18、2 4、30、4 4h动态检测血中EPO和上述血管活性介质。　结果　 (1)与NBP组较比 ,HBP组DA (346 0 6± 137 12 )pmol/L、E (6 0 0 0 0± 4 36 36 )pmol/L和NE(4789 90± 1892 31)pmol/L明显增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )与NS组相比 ,EPO组ET一过性升高 ,而DA、E和NE进行性升高 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　老年血液透析患者血压升高和EPO引起的血压升高的机制可能与血中DA、E和NE增多有关。     

心房颤动导管消融术后早期复发的直流电复律临床分析

目的对心房颤动(简称房颤)导管消融术后1个月内复发行直流电复律的患者的临床特征进行前瞻性研究。方法丙泊酚镇静、禁食状态下,单向波同步电复律,电极板置于心尖-胸骨旁右侧,能量依次采用300,360,360J。结果共入选23例患者,年龄58±13岁,房颤病史6.8±5.0年,左房直径41.9±9.8mm,左室射血分数0.58±0.11。复发心律失常中12例为心房扑动,10例为房颤,1例为房性心动过速。共进行27次电复律,19次(70.4%)即刻复律成功,其中15次1次放电复律成功。1例复律后出现窦性心动过缓伴交界心律,1例丙泊酚镇静时出现呼吸暂停。随访8.5±3.7个月,52.2%的患者为窦性心律。即刻复律成功组其远期成功率为64.7%,即刻复律失败的远期均不成功,两组间有显著性差异(P=0.014)。1次放电即可成功者远期成功率为69.2%,需要多次放电的患者远期成功率为20.0%,两组间有显著性差异(P=0.036)。结论直流电复律可安全有效地用于房颤导管消融术后早期复发的患者,即刻电复律成功是远期成功的预测因素,复律时需要多次放电的远期成功率低。     

血浆脑利钠肽与房颤病人复律和复发的临床研究

目的研究阵发性或持续性房颤(Af)病人转复窦性心律时,血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平及其临床意义。方法选取62例心功能(1~3)级病人,采用放免法测定房颤及窦性心律时病人血浆中BNP的浓度,观察两组BNP水平、房颤发作次数。结果病人房颤发生时BNP浓度为(88.36±22.32)pg/mL,比复律后窦性心律时(57.48±20.32)pg/mL明显增高(P<0.05),高BNP水平病人组房颤发生次数较低BNP水平病人多。多因素分析显示血浆BNP水平与Af持续时间是转律后窦性心律维持的独立影响因子。结论血BNP浓度增高是发生心房颤动的预告因子,高水平的BNP更容易复发房颤,血浆BNP水平低或Af持续时间短者转律后窦性心律较易维持。     

高敏C反应蛋白对心房颤动患者电复律后再发的预测

目的通过检测患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,探讨其对非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者电复律后再发的预测价值。方法非瓣膜性持续性房颤经电复律的患者126例,男性73例,女性53例,平均年龄(64±10)岁,在电复律前,测定hs-CRP,依据hs-CRP水平将患者分为3组,低水平组41例,hs-CRP<2.0 mg/L,中等水平组47例,hs-CRP 2.0~3.0 mg/L,高水平组38例,hs-CRP>3.0 mg/L。随访6个月,复查24 h动态心电图,观察房颤的复发情况。结果3组在年龄、房颤时间、左心房大小、心功能方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6个月随访时,低水平组房颤的复发率7.3%,远低于中等水平组的21.3%和高水平组的36.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),中等水平组房颤的复发率低于高水平组(P<0.05),Cox回归分析显示,hs-CRP水平与电复律后,房颤再发呈显著正相关(OR=3.22,95%CI:1.58~13.41)。结论非瓣膜性持续性房颤电复律后,hs-CRP水平与房颤的中期再发有关,hs-CRP可以作为房颤电复律后再发的独立预测因子。     

心房颤动患者脑钠素的变化及其与肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统的关系

目的:探讨持续性心房颤动患者的血脑钠素(BNP)水平的改变及其与肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统的关系.方法:对108例符合入选标准的住院患者分为持续性心房颤动组(55例)和对照组(53例),对2组患者的血BNP、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮水平进行检测,并行经胸超声心动图检查,测量左心房前后径.结果:2组血BNP分别为(79.65±16.23)/μg/L、(50.12±15.97)μg/L(均P＜0.01),多元线性逐步回归分析表明:左房内径、血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度是高血BNP水平的独立预测因素.结论:持续性心房颤动患者血BNP水平明显升高,与心房颤动患者的结构重构及肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统密切相关.     

盐敏感性高血压病患者血浆心钠素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮水平测定及苯那普利治疗的初步观察

目的　探讨心钠素 (ANP)和肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统 (RAAS)在盐敏感性高血压病发病中的作用及苯那普利的降压作用和ANP的关系。方法　采用改良的Sullivan急性口服盐水负荷试验的方法将 64例高血压病患者分为盐敏感性 (SS ,3 0例 )和非盐敏感性 (NSS ,3 4例 )高血压病组 ,测定盐负荷前与盐负荷期间血浆ANP、血管紧张素Ⅱ (AⅡ )和醛固酮 (ALD)水平。 3 0例正常人为对照组。SS组患者采用自身对照的方法予以口服安慰剂和苯那普利( 10mg/d～ 2 0mg/d) ,观察治疗前后血压及血浆ANP水平的变化。 结果　 ( 1)基础血浆ANP水平 ,SS组显著低于NSS组 ,NSS组显著低于正常组 [分别为SS( 110 2 8± 15 40 )pmol/L ,NSS( 14 5 52± 2 6 53 ) pmol/L和对照组 ( 197 74± 2 6 2 0 )pmol/L ,P均 <0 0 1]。盐负荷期SS组和NSS组血浆ANP水平均明显增高 [分别为 ( 13 3 56± 3 4 0 3 ) pmol/L和 ( 169 2 0± 3 5 91)pmol/L ,P均 <0 0 5]。增高的百分数两组间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5)。但SS组血浆ANP仍低于正常水平。 ( 2 )基础血浆AⅡ和ALD水平在SS组与NSS组间无明显差异 (P均 >0 0 5)。盐负荷期SS组和NSS组血浆AⅡ和ALD水平无明显改变 (P均 >0 0 5)。 ( 3 )SS组于苯那普利治疗后血压明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆A     

Oral amiodarone increases the efficacy of direct-current cardioversion in restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: Direct current cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation is one of the most widely used and effective treatments for the restoration of sinus rhythm, but may be hampered by a low success rate and a high percentage of early recurrence. Pre-treatment with amiodarone or a glucose-insulin-potassium solution could improve the efficacy of electrical cardioversion by reversing the partially depolarized diastolic potential of the subsidiary pacemakers in atrial fibrillation. In a controlled randomized study, we assessed the effectiveness of electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation after pre-treatment with amiodarone or potassium infusion and the efficacy of amiodarone in maintaining sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-two patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (>2 weeks duration) were prospectively randomized into three matched groups: A (n=31, oral amiodarone 400 mg. day(-1)1 month before and 200 mg. day(-1)2 months after cardioversion), B (n=31, 180 mg. day(-1)oral diltiazem 1 month before and 2 months after cardioversion and 80 mmol potassium, 50 UI insulin in 500 ml 30% glucose solution 24 h before cardioversion) and C (n=30, control patients, 180 mg. day(-1)oral diltiazem 1 month before and 2 months after cardioversion). Before cardioversion all patients were under 4 weeks effective oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin). Before electrical cardioversion, the rate of spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm was higher in group A (25%) than groups B (6%) or C (3%) (P<0.005). Electrical cardioversion was more successful in group A (88%) than groups B (56%) or C (65%) (P<0.05), while the electrical thresholds for effective cardioversion were lower in group B than the other groups (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after cardioversion, the early recurrence of atrial fibrillation was similar in the three groups (P=ns), while at 2 months the recurrence rate was lower in group A (32%) than groups B (56%) or C (52%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment with low-dose oral amiodarone, compared with oral diltiazem or glucose-insulin-potassium treatments, induces a significantly high percentage of instances of spontaneous conversion, increases electrical cardioversion efficacy and reduces atrial fibrillation recurrence.     

心房颤动患者复律后心房顿抑与脑利钠肽的研究

目的:通过对心房颤动(房颤)患者复律后心房超声检查及血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)的检测,探讨心房顿抑与BNP的关系。方法:将76例房颤患者分为阵发性房颤组(40例)和持续性房颤组(36例),另入选对照组患者20例。在房颤复律后2h、1d、1周和1个月时经胸壁超声心动图(TTE)检查测定舒张晚期血流速度(A峰)和心房充盈分数(AFF),以A峰<50cm/s作为心房顿抑的标准,并测定上述时间点及复律前血浆BNP。结果:阵发性房颤组复律后2h心房顿抑的发生率为45.0%,复律后A峰和AFF至1周时恢复正常;持续性房颤组复律后2h左房顿抑的发生率为61.6%,A峰和AFF至1个月时恢复正常。2组复律后1d和1周时BNP与A峰有显著的相关性,在房颤复律后1d和1周时仍然存在心房顿抑的患者BNP显著高于无顿抑发生的患者(P<0.01),心房顿抑消失后,BNP迅速下降。结论:房颤复律后1d和1周时血浆BNP水平与跨二尖瓣A峰有相关性,较高的血浆BNP可能提示心房顿抑的持续存在,有助于了解左心房功能恢复情况。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、胺碘酮联用对预防心房颤动的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦联用胺碘酮在持续性心房颤动转复后维持窦性心律的作用及对左心房功能的影响。方法98例持续性心房颤动(持续超过7d)患者,药物或电复律后随机分为两组,Ⅰ组50例给予胺碘酮0.2g,1次/d;Ⅱ组48例给予厄贝沙坦150mg,1次/d,胺碘酮0.2g,1次/d;两组均连服6个月。分别于治疗后第1周、2周、1个月、2个月、4个月及6个月复查心电图或动态心电图,观察心房颤动复发情况;复律后次日及6个月后做超声心动图(UCG)检查,观察左心房功能变化。结果共87例完成治疗。随访6个月,心房颤动复发Ⅰ组为34.9%(15/43),Ⅱ组为13.6%(6/44),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅱ组复律后次日及治疗6个月后,超声测量左心房内径由(42±12)mm缩小为(34±11)mm,治疗前与治疗6个月后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而Ⅰ组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦联用胺碘酮在持续性心房颤动转复后维持窦性心律,较单用胺碘酮更有效,长期服用厄贝沙坦可逆转左心房扩大,降低左心房压,有利于消除心房颤动复发的基础。     

Oral vitamin C administration reduces early recurrence rates after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and attenuates associated inflammation

BACKGROUND: Inflammation and oxidative stress have been recently implicated in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to examine the potential benefit of vitamin C on the early recurrence rates and on inflammatory indices after successful cardioversion of persistent AF, as well as to investigate the time course of changes in these indices post-cardioversion. METHODS: We prospectively studied 44 consecutive patients after successful electrical cardioversion of persistent AF. All patients received standard treatment and were randomised in one to one fashion to either oral vitamin C administration or no additional therapy. We followed-up the patients for 7 days performing successive measurements of white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and ferritin levels. RESULTS: One week after successful cardioversion, AF recurred in 4.5% of patients in the vitamin C group and in 36.3% of patients in the control group (p=0.024). Compared to baseline values, inflammatory indices decreased after cardioversion in patients receiving vitamin C but did not change significantly in the control group. A significant variance was found in the serial measurements of WBC counts (F=5.86, p=0.001) and of fibrinogen levels (F=4.10, p=0.0084) in the two groups. In the vitamin C group CRP levels were lower on the seventh day (p<0.05). CRP and fibrinogen levels were higher in patients who relapsed into AF compared to patients who maintained sinus rhythm (F=2.77, p=0.044 and F=3.51, p=0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that vitamin C reduces the early recurrence rates after cardioversion of persistent AF and attenuates the associated low-level inflammation. These effects indicate that therapeutic approaches targeting at inflammation and oxidative stress may exert favourable effects on atrial electrical remodeling.     

Concomitant recovery of atrial mechanical and endocrine function after cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate left atrial mechanical function recovery and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release following successful cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by functional deterioration, loss of atrial contraction, and elevation of plasma ANP levels. The response of ANP release toward atrial mechanical function after cardioversion of AF has not been fully examined. METHODS: We examined 29 patients with successfully cardioverted persistent AF in whom sinus rhythm was maintained for at least 30 days after cardioversion. We assessed mechanical function of the left atrium at 24 h and 7 and 30 days after cardioversion and evaluated plasma ANP level at the same time. Atrial mechanical function was assessed during echocardiographic examination by means of the peak velocity of the transmitral A-wave, early transmitral to atrial flow velocity ratio, and atrial filling fraction (AFF). The plasma ANP level was determined by the radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS: Plasma ANP levels were significantly reduced from 59.4 +/- 16.6 pg/ml to 31.1 +/- 9.2 pg/ml at 24 h after successful cardioversion. Within 30 days, we noted progressive improvement of atrial systolic function (increase in AFF from 21% to 31%, p < 0.05). At the same time, plasma ANP levels gradually increased from 31.1 +/- 9.2 pg/ml at 24 h to 36.9 +/- 12.8 pg/ml on day 30 following cardioversion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma ANP levels significantly decreased in patients with persistent AF after successful cardioversion. In the 30 days after cardioversion, gradual elevation of plasma ANP concentration was observed concomitantly with an increase of AFF. Plasma ANP release after successful cardioversion of persistent AF might be due to recovery of atrial mechanical function.     

Increase in QT/QTc dispersion after low energy cardioversion of chronic persistent atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: The effects of atrial internal cardioversion on QT interval and QT dispersion (parameters associated with increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias) are unknown. We investigated changes in QT interval, QTc and QT dispersion immediately after shock delivery for internal cardioversion in patients with chronic persistent atrial fibrillation. METHOD: Twenty-two patients with chronic persistent atrial fibrillation (mean duration, 17+/-23 months) underwent transvenous low-energy internal atrial cardioversion with a step-up protocol of shocks delivered between catheters in the right atrium and coronary sinus. (successful shock, 7.2+/-4.2 J). RR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, QT dispersion, and QTc dispersion were all measured on three consecutive beats (at 75 mm/s on at least 9 of 12 leads) and then averaged both before and after (1) the last unsuccessful shock, and (2) sinus rhythm restoration. RESULTS: All parameters remained similar in the minute before and after the last unsuccessful shock. At 1 min after the successful shock, abrupt increases in QT dispersion (+43.8% vs. pre-shock; P<0.001 at least significant difference analysis) and QTc dispersion (+30.0%; P<0.05) were observed, followed by a gradual return to pre-shock values at 15 min. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly suggest the likely existence of a brief period of increased electrical vulnerability immediately after restoration of sinus rhythm by internal cardioversion. Particular caution should therefore be applied whenever class III antiarrhythmic drugs are administered immediately after successful internal atrial cardioversion.     

血浆脑钠肽在心房纤颤患者中应用的临床意义分析

目的 观察心房纤颤(房颤)对血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平的影响并探讨其临床意义.方法 采用美国博适-Triag干式快速定量(心力衰竭/心肌梗死)诊断仪床旁测定86例心功能正常房颤患者及30例无器质性心脏病窦性心律患者BNP水平.对房颤患者进行药物复律,测定复律前后血浆BNP水平.结果 房颤患者BNP水平显著高于无器质性心脏病窦性心律患者(P＜0.01).房颤组中,复律成功组复律后的BNP水平显著下降(P＜0.01);复律成功组复律前BNP水平明显低于未复律成功组(P＜0.01).结论 房颤是影响BNP分泌的重要因素,BNP水平是预测房颤复律效果的重要指标,复律后BNP水平显著下降.     

Does flecainide regain its antiarrhythmic activity after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that presumed reversion of electrical remodeling after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) restores the efficacy of flecainide. BACKGROUND: Flecainide loses its efficacy to cardiovert when AF has been present for more than 24 hours. Most probably, the loss is caused by atrial electrical remodeling. Studies suggest electrical remodeling is completely reversible within 4 days after restoration of sinus rhythm (SR). METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients with persistent AF (median duration 3 months) were included in this prospective study. After failure of pharmacologic cardioversion by flecainide 2 mg/kg IV (maximum 150 mg in 10 minutes) and subsequent successful electrical cardioversion, we performed intense transtelephonic rhythm monitoring three times daily for 1 month. In case of AF recurrence, a second cardioversion by flecainide was attempted as soon as possible. RESULTS: AF recurred in 123 patients (68%). Successful cardioversion by flecainide occurred only when SR had been maintained for more than 4 days (7/51 patients [14%]). Failure to cardiovert was associated with a prolonged duration of the recurrent AF episode and concurrent digoxin use. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that successful cardioversion was determined by digoxin use (odds ratio [OR] 0.093, P = .047) and by the interaction between the duration of SR and the (inverse) duration of recurrent AF (OR 6.499, P < .001). When flecainide was administered within 10 hours after AF onset and the duration of SR was greater than 4 days, the success rate was 58%. CONCLUSIONS: Flecainide recovers its antiarrhythmic action after cardioversion of AF. However, successful pharmacologic cardioversion occurs only after SR has lasted at least 4 days and is expected only for recurrences having duration of a few hours. Immediate pharmacologic cardioversion of AF recurrence may be a worthwhile strategy for management of persistent AF.     

老年高血压患者心房颤动急性发作后血栓前状态的改变

目的观察老年高血压患者心房颤动(房颤)急性发作时及药物复律后血栓前状态的改变。方法老年高血压患者急性房颤发作29例(急性房颤组),发作48 h内成功复律,未予抗凝治疗,复律后窦性心律维持时间>1个月。分别于复律前,复律后1、7、14、30天检测血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体水平,组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)活性和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI 1)活性。另选高血压合并窦性心律患者30例(窦性心律组),高血压合并永久性房颤,且未予华法林抗凝治疗者30例(慢性房颤组),健康体检者30例(健康对照组),分别检测上述指标。结果急性房颤组和慢性房颤组患者Fib、D-二聚体水平显著高于窦性心律组和健康对照组。急性房颤组患者复律后Fib水平于第7天降至窦性心律组水平,D-二聚体浓度于第7天升至最高峰,其后逐渐下降,但直至复律后第30天仍高于窦性心律组。急性房颤组患者复律前及复律后t-PA及PAI-1活性与健康对照组和窦性心律组比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论老年高血压患者房颤急性发作时存在血栓前状态,并且在复律后仍可持续1个月。     

Factors predicting success rate and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after first electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) after elective cardioversion is high. HYPOTHESIS: The study aimed to identify clinical predictors for successful electrical cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm after a first electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent AF without concomitant antiarrhythmic drugs of class I and III. METHODS: Consecutive outpatients (n = 166) with persistent AF for > 1 month, scheduled for elective cardioversion, were prospectively included in the study. A clinical investigation, echocardiographic assay, and Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) before and ECG 4 weeks after cardioversion, were performed in all patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 68 years (range 45-83) and duration of AF was 5 (1-48) months. Sinus rhythm was established in 124 (75%) patients. In multivariate analysis, only duration of AF < 6 months (p < 0.04, odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 4.7) and patients weight (p < 0.03, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.8 for weight < 80 kg) were identified as independent predictors of successful cardioversion. At 4 weeks after cardioversion, only 46 (37%) of 124 patients maintained sinus rhythm. Independent factors for maintenance of sinus rhythm, in multivariate analysis, were AF <3 months (p < 0.04, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.6), treatment with beta blockers (p < 0.00001, OR 7.0, 95% CI 3.0 to 16.3) or verapamil/diltiazem (p < 0.04, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 12.1), and right atrial dimension < 37 mm (p < 0.02, OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 25.4). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with persistent AF, the patient's weight and the duration of AF are independent predictors for a successful cardioversion. Short duration of AF, treatment with beta blockers or verapamil/diltiazem, and right atrial area/dimension are independent predictors for maintenance of sinus rhythm.