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1.
Grit Schuster Elizabeth E Ebert Mark A Stevenson Robert J Corner Cheryl A Johansen 《International journal of health geographics》2011,10(1):8
Background
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) which is closely related to Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus. MVEV is enzootic in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea and epizootic in other parts of Australia. Activity of MVEV in Western Australia (WA) is monitored by detection of seroconversions in flocks of sentinel chickens at selected sample sites throughout WA. 相似文献2.
Sahyun Hong Seung Eun Song Kyung Hwan Oh Seung Hak Kim Seok ju Yoo Hyun Sul Lim Mi Sun Park 《Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives》2011,2(3):198-201
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of Shiga toxin (Stx) gene-positive stool samples from dairy farmer and slaughterhouse workers in Gyeonggi-Do province.Methods
A total of 621 samples from healthy farmers and 198 samples from slaughterhouse workers were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection on stool samples.Results
The PCR product of Stx-encoding genes was detected in 21 (3.4%) of 621 farmers and 15 (7.6%) of 198 slaughterhouse workers’ stool samples. Distribution of the Stx PCR positive workers by age increment revealed an increase in STEC infection with age increment in both workers. Distribution of the Stx PCR positive workers by working years revealed an increase in STEC infection with working years in farmers.Conclusion
These results of the study show that slaughterhouse workers are at higher risk of STEC infection than farmers. In addition, slaughterhouse workers have a more potential source of food contamination of STEC and transmission. 相似文献3.
Samantha L Thomas Sophie Lewis Jim Hyde David Castle Paul Komesaroff 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):420
Background
Previous studies of public perceptions of obesity interventions have been quantitative and based on general population surveys. This study aims to explore the opinions and attitudes of obese individuals towards population and individual interventions for obesity in Australia. 相似文献4.
5.
S. Hirayama K. Terasawa R. Rabeler T. Hirayama T. Inoue Y. Tatsumi M. Purpura R. Jäger 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》2014,27(Z2):284-291
Background
Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioural disorder of childhood, affecting 3–5% of school‐age children. The present study investigated whether the supplementation of soy‐derived phosphatidylserine (PS), a naturally occurring phospholipid, improves ADHD symptoms in children.Methods
Thirty six children, aged 4–14 years, who had not previously received any drug treatment related to ADHD, received placebo (n = 17) or 200 mg day–1 PS (n = 19) for 2 months in a randomised, double‐blind manner. Main outcome measures included: (i) ADHD symptoms based on DSM‐IV‐TR; (ii) short‐term auditory memory and working memory using the Digit Span Test of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; and (iii) mental performance to visual stimuli (GO/NO GO task).Results
PS supplementation resulted in significant improvements in: (i) ADHD (P < 0.01), AD (P < 0.01) and HD (P < 0.01); (ii) short‐term auditory memory (P < 0.05); and (iii) inattention (differentiation and reverse differentiation, P < 0.05) and inattention and impulsivity (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in other measurements and in the placebo group. PS was well‐tolerated and showed no adverse effects.Conclusions
PS significantly improved ADHD symptoms and short‐term auditory memory in children. PS supplementation might be a safe and natural nutritional strategy for improving mental performance in young children suffering from ADHD. 相似文献6.
Christina Frank Udo Buchholz Monika Maaß Arthur Schröder Karl-Hans Bracht Paul-Gerhard Domke Wolfgang Rabsch Gerhard Fell 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):243
Background
During August 2006, a protracted outbreak of Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis infections in a large Hamburg nursing home was investigated. 相似文献7.
Marianne F Weber Emily Banks David P Smith Dianne O'Connell Freddy Sitas 《BMC public health》2009,9(1):144
Background
Limited evidence suggests that people from non-English speaking backgrounds in Australia have lower than average rates of participation in cancer screening programs. The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of bowel, breast and prostate cancer test use by place of birth and years since migration in a large population-based cohort study in Australia. 相似文献8.
Erica Kintz Julii Brainard Lee Hooper Paul Hunter 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(1):57-67
Background
Shiga-toxin E. coli infections remain a public health concern because of the severity of the gastrointestinal illness and associated complications. Transmission pathways are typically elucidated from outbreaks, with foodborne transmission the primary source. However, most STEC cases are sporadic. This systematic review aimed to identify the most common pathways for sporadic STEC transmission and quantify their importance.Methods
We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies of sporadic (non-outbreak) STEC cases that investigated potential risk factors. Searches were run in Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus. Included studies needed to confirm STEC infection and investigate ≥20 cases.Results
31 studies were included, of which 25 were case-control or case-case studies. 62.5% found consumption of undercooked/raw meat associated with STEC infection while 70.4% found contact with animals or their environment a risk factor. Random-effects meta-analysis provided pooled odds ratios and population attributable fraction (PAF). The PAF was 19% for undercooked/raw meat, followed by person to person transmission at 15%. Contact with animals and visiting farm environments had PAFs of 14% and 12% respectively.Conclusions
Out of potential sources for STEC exposure, undercooked meat and contact with animals and their environment were the most frequently found transmission routes. Decreasing the chances of acquiring the bacteria by these methods would additionally cut down on the other major transmission route, person-to-person spread. 相似文献9.
Time to delivery: Transfers for threatened preterm labour and prelabour rupture of membranes in Western Australia
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Jade Hollingworth MBBS BSc Rachel Pietsch MBBS BSc Mathias Epee‐Bekima MD MRCOG FRANZCOG Elizabeth Nathan M.Biostat 《The Australian journal of rural health》2018,26(1):42-47
Objective
To describe the outcomes of patients transferred to King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH) with signs of labour at preterm gestations.Design
A retrospective observational study of the 69 cases transferred to KEMH during 2015.Setting
Patient transfers from all locations across Western Australia (WA) to the sole tertiary perinatal centre in Perth.Participants
Pregnant women within WA with threatened or actual preterm labour (PTL) or preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 23 and 32 weeks gestation.Main outcome measures
The occurrence of delivery during the admission and time‐to‐delivery as well as length of admission and association between clinical factors and time‐to‐delivery.Results
The percentage of the study population delivered during the admission following transfer was 72.5%. Eighty‐six per cent of those who delivered did so within 72 hours of transfer. The median time from transfer to delivery was 1 day. Sixty‐three per cent of those who did not deliver during the admission progressed to 36 weeks gestation. Patients transferred with PPROM were less likely to deliver during the admission compared to those with uterine activity (50% versus 19.6%, P = 0.007) and nulliparas were more likely to deliver (93.5% versus 55.3%, P < 0.001).Conclusion
The majority of women transferred with signs of PTL progress to delivery during the same admission with the highest risk of delivery being the first 72 hours following transfer. If the pregnancy is ongoing at 72 hours, there is a reasonable chance of progression to late preterm gestation supporting the return of woman to their place of origin for antenatal care following discharge. 相似文献10.
No difference in self‐reported frequency of choking between infants introduced to solid foods using a baby‐led weaning or traditional spoon‐feeding approach
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A. Brown 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》2018,31(4):496-504
Background
Baby‐led weaning (BLW) where infants self‐feed family foods during the period that they are introduced to solid foods is growing in popularity. The method may promote healthier eating patterns, although concerns have been raised regarding its safety. The present study therefore explored choking frequency amongst babies who were being introduced to solid foods using a baby‐led or traditional spoon‐fed approach.Methods
In total, 1151 mothers with an infant aged 4–12 months reported how they introduced solid foods to their infant (following a strict BLW, loose BLW or traditional weaning style) and frequency of spoon‐feeding and puree use (percentage of mealtimes). Mothers recalled if their infant had ever choked and, if so, how many times and on what type of food (smooth puree, lumpy puree, finger food and specific food examples).Results
In total, 13.6% of infants (n = 155) had ever choked. No significant association was found between weaning style and ever choking, or the frequency of spoon or puree use and ever choking. For infants who had ever choked, infants following a traditional weaning approach experience significantly more choking episodes for finger foods (F2,147 = 4.417, P = 0.014) and lumpy purees (F2,131 = 6.46, P = 0.002) than infants following a strict or loose baby‐led approach.Conclusions
Baby‐led weaning was not associated with increased risk of choking and the highest frequency of choking on finger foods occurred in those who were given finger foods the least often. However, the limitations of noncausal results, a self‐selecting sample and reliability of recall must be emphasised. 相似文献11.
Heather E. Rasmussen Kara R. Blobaum Elliot D. Jesch Chai Siah Ku Young-Ki Park Fan Lu Timothy P. Carr Ji-Young Lee 《European journal of nutrition》2009,48(7):387-394
Background
Intake of an edible blue-green alga Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kützing (N. Commune) has been shown to lower plasma total cholesterol concentration, but the mechanisms behind the hypocholesterolemic effect have not been elucidated. 相似文献12.
Christian Sonne Rune Dietz Pall S Leifsson Gert Asmund Erik W Born Maja Kirkegaard 《Environmental health : a global access science source》2007,6(1):11
Background
In the Arctic, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) bio-accumulate mercury as they prey on polluted ringed seals (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus). Studies have shown that polar bears from East Greenland are among the most mercury polluted species in the Arctic. It is unknown whether these levels are toxic to liver and kidney tissue. 相似文献13.
Adel A Amran Zaiton Zakaria Faizah Othman Srijit Das Santhana Raj Nor-Anita M M Nordin 《Lipids in health and disease》2010,9(1):44
Background
Piper sarmentosum (P.s) has flavonoid component in its leaves which has antioxidative effect. To date, its effect on atherosclerosis has not been studied histologically. 相似文献14.
Hasan S Siddiqi Malik H Mehmood Najeeb U Rehman Anwar H Gilani 《Lipids in health and disease》2012,11(1):6
Background
This study was undertaken to provide pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Viola odorata Linn. in hypertension and dyslipidemia using the in vivo and in vitro assays. 相似文献15.
Nathalie Nicolay Patricia Garvey Niall Delappe Martin Cormican Paul McKeown 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):568
Background
In Ireland, salmonellosis is the second most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. A new electronic system for reporting (Computerised Infectious Disease Reporting - CIDR) of Salmonella cases was established in 2004. It collates clinical (and/or laboratory) data on confirmed and probable Salmonella cases. The authors studied the completeness and the timeliness of Salmonella notifications in 2008. 相似文献16.
Julius E Oben Judith L Ngondi Claudia N Momo Gabriel A Agbor Caroline S Makamto Sobgui 《Lipids in health and disease》2008,7(1):12
Aim
To evaluate the effects of two formulations, Cissus quadrangularis -only and a Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination, on weight loss in overweight and obese human subjects. 相似文献17.
José Miguel Carrasco Beatriz Pérez-Gómez Maria José García-Mendizábal Virginia Lope Nuria Aragonés Maria João Forjaz Pilar Guallar-Castillón Gonzalo López-Abente Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo Marina Pollán 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):245
Background
In 2002 the oil-tanker Prestige sank off the Galician coast. This study analyzes the effect of this accident on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health in the affected population. 相似文献18.
T. Sathiamoorthi S. Dhanapaul K. Vedhagiri K. Natarajaseenivasan 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2011,19(6):517-525
Aim
The study sought to determine the multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella enterica typhi and paratyphi A isolates in correlation with the presence of virulent markers detected by a PCR-based approach. 相似文献19.
Saf-ur Rehman Mandukhail Nauman Aziz Anwarul-Hassan Gilani 《Lipids in health and disease》2010,9(1):88
Background
The objective of present study was to provide the pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Morinda citrifolia Linn in dyslipidemia using the aqueous-ethanolic extracts of its fruits (Mc.Cr.F), leaves (Mc.Cr.L) and roots (Mc.Cr.R). 相似文献20.
Chris E Rissel Carolyn New Li Ming Wen Dafna Merom Adrian E Bauman Jan Garrard 《The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity》2010,7(1):8