肾移植受者巨细胞病毒感染与抗心磷脂抗体的关系

目的：探讨肾移植受者巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染与抗心磷脂抗体（anticardiolipin antibody,ACA)产生的关系。方法：肾移植受者146例术后采用定性聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测CMV－DNA，同时用酶 联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清抗心磷脂抗体免疫球蛋白G（ACA-IgG），并与正常对照组（n=32)进行比较。结果：肾移植受者146例ACA阳性率为17．1％，与正常对照（6．3％）无明显差异；而CMV感染的肾移植受者ACA阳性率为31．2％，显著高于未感染CMV的受者（7．1％）及正常对照组（6．3％，P＜0．01）。结论：肾移植受者ACA的产生与CMV感染密切相关，可能是CMV导致移植肾慢性血管病变的原因之一。     

Effects of Bailing capsules for renal transplant recipients: a retrospective clinical study

Background The administration of immunosuppressive agents is always an important factor affecting the long-term survival of organ transplantation recipients.The best therapeutic regimen which either decreases the side effects of immune inhibitors or enhances the immunosuppressive efficacy is the goal of transplantation surgeons continue to search.This study investigated the effects of Bailing (Cordyceps sinensis) capsules on renal function and other systems of the body after renal transplantation.Methods Clinical data of 80 renal transplant recipients who were administered Bailing capsules and 100 renal transplant recipients in the control group were retrospectively analyzed to compare the incidences of graft rejection and infection after transplantation.The results of routine blood and urine tests,liver and kidney functions,uric acid (UA),24-hour urine protein (24 h-Upro),as well as 1-and 5-year patient renal allograft survival rates were compared between the two groups.Results The follow-up was 3-5 years.The two groups were not shown to have statistically significant differences in age,gender,cold ischemia time,donor-recipient human leukocyte antigen typing,panel reactive antibodies,lymphocytotoxicity tests,and the application of immunosuppressive agents at the baseline.The two groups were also not significantly different in the incidence of acute injection after transplantation,recovery of renal function,and blood glucose level.The Bailing group was significantly lower than the control in the incidence of infection,serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase,total bilirubin,UA,and 24-hour Upro,but significantly higher than the control group in peripheral red blood cell count and white blood cell count (P＜0.05).One-year and 5-year patient survival rates were 98.7％ and 98.0％,respectively in the Bailing group,95.0％ and 93.0％,respectively,in the control group.One-year and 5-year renal allograft survival rates were 97.5％ and 95.0％,respectively,in the Bailing group,and 92.5％ and 84.0％,respectively,in the control group.The comparison of patient and renal allograft survival rates between the two groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test showed that only the differences in renal allograft survival rates were statistically significant (Log-rank:5 years:patient survival P=-0.420; renal allograft survival P=0.049).Conclusion Bailing capsules were effective in preventing allograft rejection,protecting liver and kidney functions,stimulating hematopoiesis,and reducing the incidence of infection and thus are ideal immunoregulators.     

Rapamycin instead of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine in treatment of post-renal transplantation urothelial carcinoma

Background Malignant tumor is the most common complication occurred in transplant recipients. It is widely recognized that immunosuppressive treatments increase the risk of cancer in transplant recipients. The efficacy and safety of rapamycin （RPM） in combination with low-dose calcineurin inhibitor （CNI） in treating 15 renal allograft recipients which developed urothelial carcinoma were observed.
Methods Immunosuppressive regimen in all recipients was altered with rapamycin to replace mycophenolate mofetil （MMF） or azathioprine （Aza）. The initial loading dosage was 2 mg/d, and the next dosage was 1 mg/d. The dosage of rapamycin was carefully adjusted according to the blood drug level and concentration of the drug was maintained at 4-6 μg/L. In all the 15 patients, the calcineurin inhibitor was reduced down to one third of the original dosage after the rapamycin blood concentration became stable. Surgical treatment and intravesical instillation chemotherapy were carried out in all patients. Recurrence of the tumor was monitored throughout the study. Post-transplant renal function and side effects were also closely monitored.
Results Among the 15 patients, 9 had no tumor recurrence in 2 years, 2 had tumor recurrences twice, and 4 had once. There was no acute rejection observed during RPM treatment. Post-transplant renal function in 11 patients was improved with a decreased creatinine level. Hyperlipoidemia and thrombocytopenia were the most frequent adverse events which responded well to corresponding treatments.
Conclusion Among the renal allograft recipients with urothelial carcinoma, combination of rapamycin and low dose calcineurin inhibitor treatment is effective and safe.     

慢性移植肾肾病的发病机制及中医药治疗进展

肾移植是治疗终末期肾病的有效方法,临床上主要通过运用和调整免疫抑制剂来改善预后,但肾移植患者长期存活率仍然不到50%。慢性移植肾肾病是导致移植肾晚期功能丧失的最主要原因,该病目前缺乏有效的治疗手段。文章从慢性移植肾肾病的发病机制出发,结合目前中医药治疗该病的现状,探求治疗慢性移植肾肾病更有效的方法。     

联合霉酚酸酯、环孢素A和泼尼松应用于肾移植患者免疫抑制治疗

目的研究不同剂量霉酚酸酯（MMF）与环孢素A（CsA）和泼尼松（Pred）联用对肾移植患者免疫抑制作用的疗效与安全性。方法随机将120例肾移植受者分为3组，分别给予MMF2．0g／d（A组）、1.5g／a（B组）及硫唑嘌呤（Aza）100mg／d（C组）。3组患者均同时接受相似剂量的CsA和Pred。观察肾移植术后6个月内急性排斥反应的发生率、移植肾功能和药物的副作用。结果A，B，C组急性排斥反应的发生率分别为8．7％，5．6％和36．8％；A，B组消化道的副作用多见，C组的白细胞减少现象多见，其他副作用3个组的差异无显著性。术后6个月A，B组患者的血清肌酐值明显低于C组。结论不同剂量的MMF与CsA和Pred联合应用，可有效预防术后早期急性排斥反应的发生。MMF除胃肠道的副作用较多外，其他副作用未见增多。     

移植肾亚临床排斥反应早期诊治的临床意义

目的 探讨对移植肾亚临床排斥反应进行早期诊断、早期治疗的临床意义。方法 选择术后3个月无临床症状、肾功能正常的同种异体肾移植患者96例（男54例,女42例）,平均年龄为37．5岁（17～58岁）,以彩色多普勒检查结果为诊断依据。分为正常组和异常组（亚临床排斥组）,异常组给予甲基强的松龙冲击治疗和调整免疫抑制剂的剂量,随访观察两组移植肾的存活率。结果 经过3年的随访,两组病人移植肾的存活率无明显差异性。结论 早期诊断和治疗移植肾亚临床排斥反应。对提高移植肾的长期存活率有重要的临床意义。     

肾移植受者免疫抑制维持治疗期霉酚酸酯剂量与霉酚酸暴露的关系

目的 观察服用霉酚酸酯(MMF)的肾移植受者在免疫抑制维持治疗期霉酚酸(MPA)的暴露水平.方法 60例肾移植受者均采用环孢素A(CsA)、MMF和强的松(Pred)三联免疫抑制方案,于服用MMF后0.5、2、4h采集外周静脉血,通过酶增强免疫分析技术测定血浆MPA浓度,以有限采样法的简化公式计算肾移植受者MPA血药浓度—时间曲线下面积(AUC).根据口服MMF剂量,将患者分为3组:MMF低剂量组(MMF＜1.5 g/d,n=18)、MMF推荐剂量组(MMF=1.5 g/d,n =29)、MMF高剂量组(MMF＞1.5 g/d,n=13).根据MPA AUC值,将患者分为MPA低暴露组(MPA AUC＜30 mg·h·L-1).MPA目标暴露组(MPAAUC =30～60 mg·h·L-1)、MPA高暴露组(MPA AUC＞60 mg.h·L-1).结果 60例肾移植受者MPA AUC平均值为(59.83±19.42)mg·h·L-1;其中,MPA低暴露组3例(5.0％),MPA目标暴露组31例(51.7％),MPA高暴露组26例(43.3％);三组CsA平均用量分别为(166.67±14.43) mg/d、( 137.10 ±41.27) mg/d和(128.85±37.88) mg/d,呈递减趋势,但组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在未监测MPA AUC水平而仅根据临床事件调整MMF用量的情况下,肾移植受者平均MPA暴露水平偏高;MPA药代动力学在不同个体间存在较大的差异,进行MMF的治疗药物监测可能是必要的.     

Rituximab induction therapy in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients

Background  The number of highly sensitized patients is rising, and sensitization can lead to renal transplant failure. The present study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of renal transplantation following induction therapy with rituximab in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

Methods  Seven highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients who underwent rituximab therapy from December 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 38.5 years (range, 21–47 years). The duration of hemodialysis was 3–12 months, with a mean duration of 11 months. For 4 patients, this was the second transplant; the previous graft survival time was 2–11 years, with a mean survival time of 5.8 years. All the female recipients had history of multiple pregnancies, and all patients had previously received blood transfusions. All donors were men, with a mean age of 32.5 years (range, 25–37 years). In 2 of the 7 patients, both class I and class II of panel reactive antibody were high; the remaining 5 patients showed either high in class I or in class II of panel reactive antibody. The mean panel reactive antibody value was 31% for class I and 51% for class II respectively. The donors and the recipients had the same blood type, with low lymphocyte cytotoxicity ranging from 2% to 5%. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch numbers were from 2 to 4. All patients received tacrolimus (0.1 mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1) and mycophenolate mofetil (750 mg twice per day) orally 3 days prior to surgery. All patients received a single dose of 600 mg rituximab (375 mg/m²) infusion on the day before surgery and polyclonal antibody (antithymocyte globulin) on the day of surgery. Postoperative creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, and occurrence of rejection by pathological biopsy confirmation were monitored.

Results  No patient had delayed graft function after surgery. Two patients had acute rejection, one on day 7 and the other on day 13 post-surgery. Diagnosis of acute rejections was based on the clinical assessments and pathological biopsy results. According to the Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology, one of the patients was Ia and the other was IIa; the C4d staining was negative in both patients. One patient received methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide and the other received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy, both leading to successful reversion of the acute rejection. All patients were discharged postoperatively and all had normal renal function during the 7th to 12th month follow-up. Pulmonary infection occurred in 1 patient 4 months after surgery and was successfully cured.

Conclusion  Rituximab induction therapy can reduce the occurrence of postoperative humoral rejection in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients, suggesting that kidney transplantation may be safe and effective for these patients.

     

Coexistence of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalances in patients with allergic asthma

Background  Recent recognition is that Th2 response is insufficient to fully explain the aetiology of asthma. Other CD4⁺ T cells subsets might play a role in asthma. We investigated the relative abundance and activities of Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in patients with allergic asthma.

Methods  Twenty-two patients with mild asthma, 17 patients with moderate to severe asthma and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. All patients were allergic to house dust mites. Plasma total IgE, pulmonary function and Asthma Control Questionnaire were assessed. The proportions of peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines in plasma and in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by enzyme linked, immunosorbent assay.

Results  The frequency of blood Th2 cells and IL-4 levels in plasma and culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were increased in all patients with allergic asthma. The frequency of Th17 cells and the plasma and culture supernatant levels of IL-17 were increased, whereas the frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells and plasma IL-10 levels were decreased in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE levels were positively correlated with the percentage of blood Th2 cells and plasma IL-4 levels. Forced expiratory volume in the first second was negatively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells. However, mean Asthma Control Questionnaire scores were positively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and negatively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells.

Conclusions  Imbalances in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg were found in patients with allergic asthma. Furthermore, elevated Th17 cell responses, the absence of Tregs and an imbalance in Th17/Treg levels were associated with moderate to severe asthma. 

     

肾移植受者他克莫司剂量/浓度个体差异影响因素及其变化规律

目的 探讨肾移植受者他克莫司剂量/浓度个体差异影响因素及其变化规律.方法 观察118例肾移植术后早期(3、7、14、30 d)、103例术后3月、75例术后6月、119例稳定期(≥1年)口服他克莫司+霉酚酸酯+泼尼松三联免疫抑制抗排斥的受者,记录性别、年龄、身高、体质量、他克莫司剂量、激素剂量、腹泻、血脂、肝功、肾功、白蛋白、红细胞比容.测定每个受者CYP3A5和MDR1 3435、2677、1236位点基因多态性及不同时期他克莫司药物浓度.然后以他克莫司浓度/剂量×体表面积为因变量分别进行多元线性回归分析.结果 肾移植术后早期多元线性回归模型拟合度偏低,术后3月明显增高,术后6月进一步增高并逐渐趋于稳定;影响他克莫司剂垦/浓度的因素在术后早期较多且变化剧烈,术后3月以后逐渐趋于稳定.从药物基因组学角度来看,影响他克莫司剂量/浓度的主要因素是MDR1 3435、MDR12677、MDR1 1236且术后早期变化剧烈,CYP3A5作用相对较弱且仅在稳定期入选,稳定期影响他克莫司代谢的主要因素是MDR1 3435.除药物基因组学因素外,年龄、肝功值、白蛋白和红细胞比容与他克莫司浓度/剂量×体表面积呈正相关,是个体差异的重要原因.结论 肾移植术后他克莫司剂量/浓度影响因素的变化规律与肾移植临床特点相吻合.不同时期他克莫司剂量/浓度个体差异的影响因素不同.药物基因组学是影响他克莫司剂量/浓度个体差异的重要因素,临床用药应尽量避免对他克莫司代谢干扰大的药物.年龄、肝功、白蛋白、红细胞比容和激素剂量也是他克莫司剂量/浓度个体差异的重要原因.     

肾移植术后早期应用不同免疫抑制治疗方案的疗效-成本分析

目的　寻找适合国人肾移植受者术后早期的免疫抑制治疗方案。方法　 4 5 3例肾移植受者按不同免疫抑制治疗方案分成国产环孢素A(CyclosporineA ,CsA)组和他克莫司 (Tarclolimus,FK5 0 6 )组 ,并将两组病例临床资料进行统计及比较。结果　FK5 0 6组肝炎携带受者及高危移植受者多于CsA组 (P <0 0 0 1) ;两组病例在年龄、男女比例、体重、住院时间、术后第 10天血肌酐值、术后并发症发生率等方面差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;CsA组治疗费用低于FK5 0 6组 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　肾移植受者术后早期应用国产CsA疗效好、费用低 ;肝炎携带受者及高危移植受者术后早期应用FK5 0 6疗效较佳。     

肾移植的随访体会

目的总结肾移植临床经验,减少并发症,提高远期人、肾存活率。方法随访161例肾移植受者术后3-7年人、肾存活情况及并发症,分析术前、术中、术后并发症对移植受者人、肾存活率的影响。结果人、肾存活率88.75%和86.8%,主要并发症为高脂血症、高血压、慢性移植肾肾病、感染、排斥反应和移植肾功能延迟恢复（DGF）。结论良好术前准备、娴熟的手术技术、严格的术后管理,是手术成功、减少术后外科并发症的关键。     

High versus "low" dose corticosteroids in recipients of cadaveric kidneys: prospective controlled trial

Corticosteroids have the major role in the immunosuppressive treatment of patients who have received renal transplants. Despite their extensive use there is still debate about the appropriate dose that will prevent rejection of the renal allograft with the least morbidity. From March 1979 to November 1981 a randomised controlled trial of high (33 patients) v low oral dose (34 patients) of prednisolone along with azathioprine was conducted in recipients of first cadaveric transplants who had received a blood transfusion within six months of transplantation. The main difference in outcome between the two groups was a high incidence of some infections in the high dose group. Patient mortality, graft survival, transplant function, and number of rejection episodes were indistinguishable in the two groups, but rejection episodes tended to occur later in the high dose group. These findings suggest that the use of lower doses of corticosteroids soon after cadaveric renal transplantation does not jeopardise graft survival and results in lower patient morbidity.     

肾移植术中肾缺血事件的诊断及治疗(附27例报告)

目的 探讨肾移植术中急性移植肾缺血的诊断和治疗.方法 总结27例肾移植术中急性移植肾缺血患者的临床资料.结果 27例肾移植术中肾缺血事件病因:血管痉挛11例,其中肾外动脉痉挛5例,肾内血管痉挛6例;肾血流灌注不足6例,肾动脉狭窄1例.肾动脉血栓2例,肾静脉血栓1例,肾动,静脉扭转3例;肾动脉内膜损伤2例,超急性排斥反应1例.2例肾动/静脉血栓溶栓治疗成功.4例(肾动脉狭窄1例、肾动脉血栓1例、肾动脉内膜损伤2例1术中切取移植肾二次灌注再吻合成功.1例超急性排斥反应,切除术后病理证实.其余病例经抗凝、解痉、升压、调整移植肾位置等治疗缓解.1例术后因急性排斥并移植肾破裂手术切除.余25例中22例人肾存活良好,3例移植.肾因慢性移植物肾病而失功.8例发生肾小管坏死.急性排斥4例,用甲泼尼龙或抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATGl治疗后3例逆转.结论 肾移植术中发生移植肾缺血,及时准确判断原因和及时恢复血供,与移植肾的存活率密切相关.     

舒莱预防肾脏移植物急性排斥反应的随机对照试验研究

目的：探讨白细胞介素2受体单克隆抗体——舒莱（Simulect）对移植肾急性排斥反应的预防作用以及用药的安全性与药物的毒副作用。方法：将我器官移植移植中心1999年3月～2002年10月共46例肾移植受者为研究对象，随机分成舒莱组（23例）和对照组（23例），两组肾移植术后均接受以Neoral为基础的三联免疫抑制剂。舒莱组术前2h和术后4d各给予舒莱20mg静脉滴注。观察急性排斥反应、Neoral、皮质激素和硫唑嘌呤用量及药物的毒副作用。实验室检测血CsA浓度和肝肾功能。结果：研究结果表明，舒莱组无1例发生急性排斥反应，对照组术后8周内发生3例4次急性排斥反应。两组均未发生明显的毒副作用。两组间Neoral用量及血CsA浓度无明显差异。对照组因发生急性排斥反应，8周内皮质激素用药量总量大于舒莱组。结论：舒莱对移植肾急性排斥反应具有明显的预防作用，且用药方法简便，疗程短，无明显的毒副作用。     

供体脾灌注对高度致敏肾移植受者嵌合体形成的影响

目的探讨供体脾灌注对高度致敏肾移植受者稳定期嵌合体形成及移植肾功能的影响。方法对16例高度致敏患者进行配对分组，实验组肾移植术中先予供体脾灌注40min，前瞻性观察脾灌注对患者术后6个月内嵌合体形成、移植肾排斥反应发生及移植肾功能的变化。结果脾灌注后受者外周血中供者来源的有核细胞数量显著增加，受者形成稳定嵌合体的时间较早，例数比对照组更多；肾移植术后脾灌注组排斥反应发生时间较对照组延迟，排斥反应严重程度明显较对照组轻微；术后6个月时，脾灌注组患者血肌酐值低于对照组。结论供体脾灌注可以显著提高高敏肾移植受者外周血中供者来源的有核细胞数量，减轻排斥反应强度，从而促进受者嵌合体的形成，有利于改善稳定期移植肾功能。     

Clinical observation of the effect of tacrolimus（Prograf）against renal allograft rejection in 294 cases

Abstaract Objective:To study the effect of tacrolimus (Prograf ,FK506) in preventingrenal allograft reject-tion.Methods:The curative effect, therapy index,toxicity and side effects of FK506 were observed in 294 renal transplant recipients among whom 268 received FK506 24h after the operation and the other 26 with cyclosporine(CsA) developed actue rejection after transplantation and wee given FK506 to replace methyl-prednisolone(MP) when the latter did not result.All the patients were given oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF,1.0g/d)and meticorten(Pred,30mg/d)24h later after operation.Results:In the 268 recipients previously mentioned,the incidence of acute rejection wsas 10.45%,blycometabolism disorder 9.33% ,ner-vous system disturbance 1.59%,liver function abnormality 2.99%,nephrotoxicity 1.87%,gastrointestinal disorder 17.5%,cytomegalovirus(CMV) viremia 2.99%,and non-CMV pulmonary infection 1.59%(4/268) ,with 1 fatal case for cerebral hemorrhage with normal allograft function and another 2 non-fatal cases in which function loss resulted in removal of the allografts.The blood trough concentrations of FK506 were between 5 and 20μg/L.In thd 26 cases of steroid-resistant rejection,23(88.46%,23/26)were re-versed and the rest 3 required plasma exchange and application of OKT3 before recovery.Conclusion:As a safe and effective immunosuppressant,FK506 can reduce the incidence of allograft rejection in kidney trans-plant recipients with little side effects or toxicity, which is particularly applicable in patients with steroid-re-sistant rejection or CsA nephrotoxicity.Attention should to be paid to glycometabolism disorder due to FK506,however ,the long-term effects of FK506 need further investigation.     

Nosocomial aseptic meningitis associated with administration of OKT3

An outbreak of nosocomial aseptic meningitis involving four renal allograft recipients on the transplant service occurred in July 1986, shortly after the release of the murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 for therapy for acute allograft rejection. No bacteria, fungi, or viruses were isolated from cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid of the four patients. All four had acute allograft rejection treated with OKT3 and developed signs and/or symptoms of meningitis within 72 hours of receiving the drug. To identify potential risk factors, the four patients with aseptic meningitis were compared with 12 patients on the renal transplant service in July 1986 who did not have signs or symptoms of meningitis. The development of aseptic meningitis was strongly associated with administration of OKT3. Because of this association, prospective surveillance of meningitis in patients receiving OKT3 was instituted. From November 1986 to May 1987, three (14%) of 21 patients treated with OKT3 developed aseptic meningitis. The clinical course of aseptic meningitis associated with OKT3 appears to be benign and self-limited. Nonetheless, this observation warrants continued surveillance of OKT3 therapy.     

肾移植术后特异性人类白细胞抗原-Ⅱ类抗体对移植肾长期存活的影响

目的 评价肾移植术后特异性人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-Ⅱ类抗体对移植肾长期存活的影响。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究,通过酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测118例肾移植患者围手术期特异性HLA—Ⅱ类抗体水平,随访观察抗体对移植肾长期存活的影响。结果 （1）生存分析提示HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性组第3、第4年移植肾存活率明显低于抗体阴性组（第3年：78．6％vs84．4％,第4年：71．4％vs80．0％,P=0．002）;排除受者死亡因素后,HLA—Ⅱ类抗体阳性组移植肾存活率仍然低于抗体阴性组（第3年：85．7％vs92．2％,第4年：82．1％vs90．0％,P=0．003）。（2）HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性组患者第3、第4年移植肾功能下降的比例高于抗体阴性组（第3年：39．3％vs33．3％,第4年：46．4％vs38．9％,P=0．001）。（3）HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性组和阴性组比较,晚期急性排斥发生率的差异无统计学意义（10．7％vs13．3％,P〉0．05）。结论 术后特异性HLA-Ⅱ类抗体可能是影响移植肾长期存活的的重要因素之一,移植后HLA-Ⅱ类抗体水平的动态变化可以从一个侧面反映移植肾的预后情况。     

BK多瘤病毒在肾移植受者中的感染特征

目的探讨肾移植受者术后BK多瘤病毒的感染特征和干预时机。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2018年1月在本中心检测尿液 BKV载量≥1.0×104 copy/mL的157例肾移植受者的临床资料,选择69例同期接受移植且尿液BKV载量始终<1.0×104 copy/mL 肾移植受者作为对照。结果157例BKV感染再激活受者中出现尿BKV阳性60例（38.2%）、BKV尿症66例（42.0%）、BKV血 症31例（19.7%）。BKV阳性患者与BKV阴性患者相比,尿隐血阳性率更高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。受者尿液BKV载量 变化率与他克莫司谷值血药浓度变化率呈正相关（r2=0.351, P<0.05）。首次发现BKV再激活时,BKV阳性患者平均eGFR低于 基线水平（eGFR=60 mL/min·1.73 m-2）。干预后至末次随访,尿BKV阳性组平均eGFR可恢复至正常值,BKV尿症组和BKV血症 组肾功能有所改善但均未达到基线水平。结论肾移植术后部分受者尿隐血阳性与BKV再激活状态相关,BKV载量对免疫抑制 剂血药浓度的改变敏感。在BKV复制早期进行干预,适度减少免疫抑制剂剂量,能够有效控制BKV复制、维持移植肾功能。