高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点

目的探讨80岁以上老年高血压患者治疗中24h动态血压的特点。方法入选高血压患者按年龄分为三组:高龄老年组(≥80岁,n=88)、老年对照组(60～79岁,n=80)及中年对照组(60岁,n=25),回顾性分析三组患者治疗状态下动态血压参数、动态血压昼夜异常发生率及舒张压60mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)的发生率。结果三组患者服药情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05);全天、日间、夜间平均收缩压差别无统计学意义;平均舒张压高龄老年组均低于老年组及中年组(P均0.01);全天、日间、夜间平均脉压差高龄老年组均高于老年组、中年组(P均0.01);高龄老年组24h动态血压昼夜节律异常的发生率明显高于老年组、中年组(P均0.05);舒张压60mmHg的发生率高龄老年组明显高于老年组及中年组(P均0.01)。结论高龄老年高血压患者治疗状态下有舒张压过低及血压昼夜节律异常。     

老年高血压病及脑卒中患者动态血压分析的探讨

目的　探讨老年高血压病及脑卒中患者动态血压的特点。方法　对 30 7例高血压病患者进行动态血压监测 ,并根据年龄分为 :A组 (对照组n =16 1) ,年龄 <6 0岁 ;B组 (观察组n =14 6 ) ,年龄≥ 6 0岁。两组中又根据是否合并脑卒中 ,进一步分为 4个亚组A1 、B1 组 (无脑卒中 ) ,A2 、B2 组 (脑卒中 )。结果　B组老年高血压患者无论有无脑卒中 ,其血压昼夜节律性明显低于A组 (P <0 .0 5 )。B组脉压 [B1 组昼脉压 5 2 .9mmHg(1mmHg =0 .133kPa) ,夜脉压4 9.4mmHg;B2 组昼脉压 5 3.2mmHg ,夜脉压 5 3mmHg]较A组脉压 (A1 组昼脉压 4 3.6mmHg ,夜脉压 4 0 .3mmHg ;A2组昼脉压 4 7.2mmHg ,夜脉压 4 4mmHg)明显增大 (P <0 .0 5 )。B2 组夜间收缩压 (12 8.1mmHg)明显高于其余 3组 (A1组 117.4mmHg、A2 组 12 1.1mmHg、B1 组 12 0 .7mmHg ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血压昼夜节律降低、动态脉压增大及夜间收缩压增高是老年高血压患者动态血压的特点     

原发性高血压合并脑卒中患者动态血压分析

高血压是心、脑血管疾病的重要病因和危险因素,对原发性高血压(CH)合并脑卒中患者进行动态血压监测,旨在为临床提供更丰富的信息,以采取有效和安全的预防措施.     

高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点

目的探讨高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点。方法选择我院心血管内科及老年医学科住院的高血压患者265例,按年龄分为高龄老年组(年龄≥80岁)94例、老年组(60～79岁)90例和60岁组81例,行动态血压监测,分析其血压节律、3个时段(24h、昼间及夜间)血压均值及血压变异性的特点。结果高龄老年组和老年组杓型血压发生率、24h舒张压、昼间舒张压、昼间平均压、夜间舒张压明显低于60岁组,反杓型血压发生率、24h脉压、昼间脉压、夜间收缩压、夜间脉压明显高于60岁组(P0.05,P0.01);高龄老年组杓型血压发生率及24h、昼间、夜间舒张压明显低于老年组[13.83%vs 26.66%,(66.17±7.39)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)vs (70.39±10.96)mm Hg,(66.90±7.55)mm Hg vs (70.88±11.68)mm Hg,(64.10±8.14)mm Hg vs (68.27±11.86)mm Hg,P0.05,P0.01],24h、夜间脉压明显高于老年组(P0.05,P0.01),昼间收缩压变异明显高于老年组和60岁组,24h收缩压变异高于60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);老年组24h平均压明显低于60岁组(P0.05)。结论高龄老年高血压患者动态血压表现出血压节律异常、脉压增大、血压变异性升高等特点。     

老年高血压合并冠心病患者动态血压特点分析

目的：观察老年高血压合并冠心病患者动态血压特点,探讨动态血压异常与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：220例年龄大于60岁的老年高血压病患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为高血压合并冠心病组（124例）和单纯高血压组（96例）,对两组患者行动态血压监测,记录24h血压水平、血压变异性、脉压及血压昼夜节律。结果：与单纯高血压组比较,高血压合并冠心病组患者24h、白昼、夜间平均收缩压,收缩压变异性[白昼（14.01±4.26）比（17.54±5.51）,夜间（15.05±4.01）比（19.32±3.71）]及脉压[白昼（56.66±7.43）mmHg比（66.32±13.62）mmHg,夜间（55.71±6.62）mmHg比（63.86±7.52）mmHg]均显著升高（P均＜0.05）,非杓型节律比例明显增大（60.32％比82.45％,P＜0.01）。结论：老年高血压合并冠心病患者收缩压、脉压水平高,血压变异性大,昼夜节律异常者比例大,这些异常可能与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生发展有关系。     

原发性高血压患者的昼夜血压特点与年龄及性别的研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者昼夜血压与年龄、性别的关系。方法1 100例原发性高血压患者分为高龄老年组(≥80岁)、老年组(60~79岁)、中老年组(40~59岁)、中青年组(<40岁),分析不同年龄及性别高血压患者的昼夜血压特点。结果夜间血压负荷增高患者的年龄较大(P<0.01)。老年组及高龄老年组的夜间收缩压(SBP)较高,夜间舒张压(DBP)较低(P<0.01)。平均动脉压(MAP)昼夜差值百分比与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.262,P<0.01)。女性患者的夜间DBP较低;夜间血压负荷增高的女性患者夜间SBP较高,夜间DBP较低;非杓型女性患者的夜间SBP、夜间脉压较高(P<0.01)。结论原发性高血压患者的夜间血压、血压昼夜节律与年龄、性别相关。     

老年患者血压变异性影响因素分析

探讨年龄,高血压、平均动脉压和晨峰血压等因素对老年患者血压变异性的影响。方法:325例老年患者根据血压水平分为:高血压组(225例)和非高血压组(100例),对两组患者行动态血压监测,并进行统计分析。结果:与非高血压组相比,老年高血压患者收缩压变异[(10.82±2.72)mmHg比(14.18±2.98)mmHg]和舒张压变异[(8.12±1.83)mmHg比(9.05±1.94)mmHg]明显增加(P均<0.01);但其收缩压的变异性不随年龄增加而增加(t=1.277,P=0.215)。直线相关分析表明晨峰收缩压和收缩压变异呈明显正相关(r=0.342,P<0.05),平均舒张压和舒张压变异呈明显的正相关(r=0.323,P<0.05)。结论:老年高血压患者血压变异是增加的,晨峰血压和平均舒张压是老年收缩压变异的重要影响因素。     

高龄老年高血压患者动态血压和动态心电图特点及临床分析

目的分析高血压患者的24h动态血压、心电图的特点，并结合临床分析，为临床高龄老年高血压防治提供可参考依据。方法共入选老年高血压患者214例，按年龄分为两组，A组：高龄老年组（≥80岁）96例；B组：低龄老年组（60～79岁）118例。采用24h动态血压和24h动态心电图同步监测技术，记录血压和心电图变化，同时采集多次住院病历，观察高血压患者治疗过程中血压控制情况，心律失常以及靶器官损害发生情况。结果高龄老年组的大部分患者血压控制良好。24h动态血压水平两组之间仍有明显差异，高龄老年组心律失常、心脑血管事件次数、糖尿病、体重指数、左心室重量指数等均显著高于低龄老年组。结论与低龄老年组相比，80岁以上的高龄老年高血压患者肾损害明显，其24h动态血压水平与动态心电图改变及肾损害之间密切相关。     

老年隐蔽性高血压患者血压变异性临床特点分析

目的分析老年隐蔽性高血压患者血压变异性特点,为临床干预这类高血压患者提供相应的依据。方法选择健康体检的老年人454例,根据门诊血压测量结果及动态血压监测结果分为持续高血压组156例、隐蔽性高血压组98例和理想血压组200例。比较3组血压变异性特点,并进行统计学分析。结果持续高血压组、隐蔽性高血压组动态血压参数和血压变异性明显高于理想血压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);持续高血压组患者体重指数、空腹血糖、24h收缩压、24h舒张压明显高于隐蔽性高血压组,吸烟比例明显低于隐蔽性高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年隐蔽性高血压患者存在明显的血压变异,这可能是导致患者出现严重靶器官损害的机制之一。     

高血压患者血压晨峰与急性冠状动脉事件的关系

目的探讨高血压患者血压晨峰与急性冠状动脉事件的相关性。方法选择186例高血压患者采用动态血压监测仪记录24 h血压。血压晨峰值≥32.6 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)患者为晨峰组(42例),血压晨峰值32.6 mm Hg为非晨峰组(144例),并对患者进行3年随访。患者同时具备胸痛、心电图动态变化或心肌酶学变化为急性冠状动脉事件(不稳定性心绞痛、急性心肌梗死)诊断标准。比较2组年龄、动态血压参数、急性冠状动脉事件发生率。结果与非晨峰组比较,晨峰组患者血压晨峰值、清晨动脉压、急性冠状动脉事件发生率均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);晨峰组24 h平均动脉压、清晨脉压虽高于非晨峰组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。晨峰组患者血压晨峰值与急性冠状动脉事件发生率呈正相关(r=0.9),非晨峰组患者血压晨峰值与急性冠状动脉事件发生率无相关性(r=0.3)。结论高血压患者血压晨峰与急性冠状动脉事件发生密切相关,可能是冠状动脉事件的独立危险因素。     

The effect of 24 h blood pressure levels on early neurological recovery after stroke

OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of 24 h blood pressure (BP) levels on functional recovery 1 week after stroke and the effect of antihypertensive therapy on 24 h BP levels. DESIGN: Prospective study of patients admitted to hospital over 1 year with first in a lifetime stroke who underwent 24 h BP and casual measurements. Setting. Medical wards in a teaching hospital. Subjects. Of 160 patients, 72 patients admitted to hospital within 24 h of stroke onset were investigated. Patients with conditions and therapy that interfered with autonomic and sympathetic function were excluded. Interventions. All subjects underwent 24 h BP and casual recordings on admission to hospital and at day seven after stroke. The mean 24 h, day and night systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and their differences (nocturnal BP dip) were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups according to whether they were taking antihypertensive therapy during the first week: (i) no therapy, (ii) therapy continued after stroke, and (iii) new therapy introduced. Main outcome measures. Functional recovery (Rankin Scale 0-1) and neurological improvement [Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) >/=3 points] by 1 week of stroke. Change in circadian 24 h BP over 1 week. RESULTS: For each 10 mmHg difference between day and night time DBP, the odds for making a complete recovery were 4.63 (95% CI: 1.57-13.7, P=0.01). For each 10 mmHg difference between day and night SBP, the odds for making an improvement in neurological status was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.16-4.32; P=0.016). Significant falls in 24 h DBP (P=0.01), daytime SBP (P=0.005) and mean arterial BP (MABP) (P=0.04) over 1 week were demonstrated in patients who had just commenced antihypertensive therapy (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: An increase in day to night time BP change is favourable in short-term outcome after acute stroke. Significant falls in BP are more likely in patients started on antihypertensive therapy for the first time. Further research is required to understand the effects of circadian BP rhythm on stroke outcome.     

脉压及平均动脉压对中老年人脑卒中预测价值的队列研究

目的探讨中老年人脉压及平均动脉压水平对脑卒中发病的预测价值。方法对10 867例中老年人群进行基线调查,其中中年组7 635例,老年组3 232例,随访8年,应用Cox回归分析脉压、平均动脉压对脑卒中的预测价值。结果脉压、平均动脉压均为中老年人脑卒中发病的危险因子。校正其他因素及舒张压后,中年人脉压、平均动脉压每增加10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),脑卒中的发病危险分别增加32.4%和100.8%,且平均动脉压与脑卒中发病危险独立于收缩压;老年人脉压每增加10 mm Hg,脑卒中的危险增加9.1%,但不独立于收缩压。结论平均动脉压对中年人脑卒中的预测作用大于脉压,且独立于收缩压。脉压能在平均动脉压、舒张压水平上提供额外的危险分层信息,但不独立于收缩压。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律控制情况及影响因素分析

目的观察治疗中的老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律的控制情况,并分析其影响因素。方法连续收集10年来曾在我科住院的老年高血压患者共638例。根据动态血压监测结果将血压昼夜节律分为杓型、非杓型、反杓型及超杓型,并通过非条件Logistic回归分析血压昼夜节律的影响因素。结果入选病例中,正常血压节律者占23.57%(151/638),异常血压节律者占76.43%(487/638);其中非杓型占48.43%,反杓型占26.49%,超杓型占1.41%。非条件Logistic回归结果提示,年龄≥80岁是异常血压节律的危险因素,而服用利尿剂则降低血压异常节律的危险(P<0.05)。性别、靶器官损害、糖尿病及其他降压药物对血压节律均无影响(P>0.05)。结论在老年高血压患者中应重视血压节律的监测。对异常血压昼夜节律的患者,选用利尿剂可能是较好的治疗措施之一。     

老年人血压水平与冠心病和脑卒中发病关系的研究

目的探讨老年人血压水平与冠心病和脑卒中的发病关系。方法1993年抽样调查社区60岁及以上老人3440例,随访11年,排除基线已患有冠心病或脑卒中者及失访老人,对2 398例研究样本进行研究,其中高血压组1 424例,血压正常组974例。分析基线不同血压组别及不同血压水平与新发冠心病和脑卒中的关系。结果该人群基线高血压组新发冠心病16．9％,脑卒中15．4％,发病率明显高于血压正常组(发病率分别为13．2％,10．1％);且冠心病和脑卒中的发病率均随基线收缩压或舒张压水平的升高而升高;在相同血压水平女性老年人的冠心病发病率高于男性;多因素分析显示,冠心病和脑卒中发病与收缩压水平有关;低龄老人较高龄老人心、脑血管疾病发病率高。结论收缩压是冠心病和脑卒中发病的独立危险因素,积极防治老年收缩期高血压有助于减少冠心病和脑卒中的发病,尤其对低龄老人。     

动态心电图和动态血压同步监测在缺血性脑卒中患者诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨动态心电图和动态血压同步监测在缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)患者诊断中的临床价值。方法选择2016年12月至2018年11月酒泉市金塔县人民医院接诊的46例IS患者进行研究,设定为IS组,并选取同期在我院进行检查的原发性高血压(高血压)患者32例,设定为无IS组(non-ischemic stroke,NIS)组。对所有患者进行动态心电图(dynamic electrocardiogram,DCG)和动态血压(ambulatory blood pressure,ABP)同步监测。比较两组患者昼夜血压变化、异常心电图比例和心率变异性相关指标,对相关参数进行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果与NIS组相比,IS组患者昼夜平均收缩压和血压昼夜节律消失比例均显著升高,日间平均舒张压显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IS组DCG监测到房性期前收缩、房性心动过速、短阵心房颤动、室性期前收缩和ST段改变的比例明显高于NIS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IS组在窦性R-R间期标准差(standard deviation of normal R-R intervals,SDNN)、窦性R-R间期差值的平方根(root mean square of the successive normal sinus R-R interval difference,rMSSD)和每5 min时段窦性R-R间期平均值标准差(standard deviation of the averaged normal sinus R-R intervals for all 5-minute segments over 24 hours,SDANN)等心率变异性指标上明显低于NIS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示昼夜平均收缩压、血压昼夜节律消失、心房颤动与IS呈正相关,日间平均舒张压、SDNN、rMSSD、SDANN与IS呈负相关。结论血压昼夜节律消失、心律失常、心率变异与IS发生关系密切,同步监测高血压患者DCG和ABP对预诊断IS具有较高的临床价值。     

Dialysis unit blood pressure two hours after hemodialysis is useful for predicting home blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure in maintenance hemodialysis patients

This study aimed to determine which BP measurement obtained in the HD unit correlated best with home BP and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). We retrospectively analyzed data from 40 patients that received maintenance HD who had available home BP and ABPM data. Dialysis unit BPs were the averages of pre-, 2hr- (2 h after starting HD), and post-HD BP during a 9-month study. Home BP was defined as the average of morning and evening home BPs. Dialysis unit BP and home BP were compared over the 9-month study period. ABPM was performed once for 24 h in the absence of dialysis during the final 2 weeks of the study period and was compared to the 2-week dialysis unit BP and home BP. There was a significant difference between dialysis unit systolic blood pressure (SBP) and home SBP over the 9-month period. No significant difference was observed between the 2hr-HD SBP and home SBP. When analyzing 2 weeks of dialysis unit BP and home BP, including ABPM, SBPs were significantly different (dialysis unit BP > home BP > ABPM; P = 0.009). Consistent with the 9-month study period, no significant difference was observed between 2hr-HD SBP and home SBP (P = 0.809). The difference between 2hr-HD SBP and ambulatory SBP was not significant (P = 0.113). In conclusion, the 2hr-HD SBP might be useful for predicting home BP and ABPM in HD patients.     

脑梗死患者急性期血压监测与预后的初步研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者急性期动态血压的变化及血压与预后的相关性。方法本研究为前瞻性地对发病48h内入院的53例脑梗死患者进行24 h动态血压监测,持续10天,记录其他影响预后的危险因素,并在21天、3个月做近远期神经功能评分。结果脑梗死患者急性期高血压常见,有自发下降的趋势。在入院4天时,收缩压和舒张压分别下降(8.8±7.9)mm Hg(、4.5±5.0)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,P<0.05),4~10天时血压下降趋势趋于平缓。脑梗死患者急性期血压与远期预后单因素分析显示呈U型曲线关系,血压的最适水平为收缩压140~160mm Hg,舒张压75~80 mm Hg。但在多因素分析中仅收缩压≥160 mm Hg与140~159.9 mm Hg比较是近期(P=0.024)和远期(P=0.046)预后不良的独立危险因素,收缩压每升高10 mm Hg,近期和远期预后不良的危险性分别增加368.2%和137.2%。结论脑梗死患者急性期血压显著升高(收缩压≥160 mm Hg)提示预后不良。     

Ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes and isolated elevation of office central or brachial blood pressure

Disagreements in office brachial and central blood pressure (BP) have resulted in the identification of novel hypertension phenotypes, namely isolated central hypertension (ICH) and isolated brachial hypertension (IBH). This study investigated the relationship of ICH and IBH with ambulatory BP phenotypes among 753 individuals (mean age = 47.6 ± 15.2 years, 48% males) who underwent office and 24‐hours brachial and central BP measures using a Mobil‐O‐Graph PWA monitor. Thresholds for elevated office central and brachial BP were 130/90 and 140/90 mm Hg. Results of multivariable analysis adjusted for potential confounders showed that ICH (n = 25) had 3.71‐fold (95% CI 1.48‐9.32; P = .005) greater risk of masked hypertension than normal brachial/central BP (n = 362), while IBH (n = 20) had 4.65‐fold (95% CI 1.76‐12.25; P = .002) greater risk of white coat hypertension compared with combined brachial/central hypertension (n = 346). These findings suggest that the diagnosis of ICH and IBH might be useful in identifying individuals at higher risk of presenting discordant office and ambulatory BP phenotypes.     

The association of blunted nocturnal blood pressure dip and stroke in a multiethnic population

Nondipping has been defined as a reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) of <10% from awake to sleep. We hypothesized that nondipping might be associated with stroke in minority populations. We monitored BP over a 24 h period with an ambulatory device in 166 cases from a multiethnic population of stroke survivors (63 blacks, 61 non-Hispanic whites, and 42 Caribbean Hispanics, aged 69.5 ± 11 years) and 217 community control subjects (73 blacks, 107 non-Hispanic whites, and 67 Caribbean Hispanics, aged 69 ± 9 years). Prevalence of nondipping was significantly greater among cases than among control subjects (64% v 37%, P < .001). In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for traditional risk factors for stroke, nondipping conferred an increased risk for stroke. Probability of stroke associated with nondipping (odds ratio (OR) 2.5, confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 4.0) was equal to that of traditional risk factors. Nondipping increased the chance of having a stroke in both non-Hispanic whites (OR 4.2, P < .001) and blacks/Caribbean Hispanics (OR 1.9, P = .03). The strength of the contribution of nondipping to stroke risk was similar in all ethnic groups. Nondipping was associated with stroke in both men and women. Given the previous reports that nondipping contributes to stroke risk in European and Asian populations, these data suggest that nondipping may be universally associated with risk for stroke.