粒/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子对培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 :了解粒 /巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF)对体外培养的人牙周膜成纤维细胞 (PDLFs)生物学活性的影响。方法 :利用体外培养人PDLFs的方法 ,观察不同浓度的GM-CSF对PDLFs的增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性、蛋白质合成量的影响。结果 :GM-CSF在较低浓度时即对PDLFs的增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性、蛋白质合成量有促进作用 ,它们的变化与浓度变化呈一定的相关性。结论 :提示GM-CSF可能通过PDLFs在牙周膜细胞参与牙槽骨改建的过程中起一定的作用。     

核心结合因子α1重组慢病毒感染牙周膜成纤维细胞骨向分化的实验研究

目的 观察含人核心结合因子α1(Core binding factor α1,CBFα1)基因的重组慢病毒感染对人牙周膜成纤维细胞(human periodontal ligament fibroblasts,PDLFs)骨向分化的影响。方法 将PDLFs分为3组:A组为未感染任何病毒的细胞组;B组为加阴性对照病毒感染的细胞组;C组为加CBFα1重组慢病毒感染的细胞组。应用免疫细胞化学的方法检测目的基因CBFα1在PDLFs中的表达,观察碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性和矿化结节形成,评价各组细胞骨向分化的情况。结果 免疫细胞化学检测证实了CBFα1在PDLFs中的有效表达。ALP活性检测和矿化结节染色均证实C组细胞骨向分化能力明显高于对照组。结论 携带CBFα1基因的重组慢病毒可有效感染PDLFs,并促进其骨向分化,感染的CBFα1得到了有效表达。     

三维培养模型中胰岛素样生长因子-I对人牙周膜细胞增殖及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的 了解胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)在三维培养条件下对人牙周膜细胞(hPDLCs)增殖及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响.方法 通过组织块法分离培养hPDLCs.采用旋转细胞培养系统(RCCS)建立三维培养环境.将细胞分为4组,分别为阴性对照组、阳性对照组(三维培养组、IGF-I组)、实验组(三维培养加IGF-I...     

胰岛素样生长因子—Ⅰ对培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞生物学活性？…

胰岛素样生长因子（ＩＧＦ）可通过直接作用于成骨细胞或通过甲状腺素影响骨代谢过程而参与骨的改建。本文利用细胞增养技术观察了ＩＧＦ－Ｉ对培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞（ＰＤＬＦｓ）增殖、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性变化以及蛋白质含量改变的影响。结果显示，ＩＧＦ－Ｉ对ＰＤＬＦｓ有明显的促增殖作用，对ＰＤＬＦｓ的ＡＰＬ活性、蛋白质合成也具有较强的促进作用，表明ＩＧＦ－Ｉ可能通过ＰＤＬＦｓ发挥其调节牙槽骨改建的作用，从     

姜黄素通过调控Wnt通路改善牙周膜干细胞成骨分化能力

目的:探讨姜黄素对人牙周膜干细胞(PDLSCs)成骨分化的影响。方法:取第4~6代的PDLCs进行实验,用CCK-8实验检测姜黄素对PDLCs增殖活性影响,通过检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、矿化结节染色以及ALP、OCN和Runx2等成骨相关基因的表达水平来探讨姜黄素对牙周膜干细胞成骨分化能力的影响,同时检测姜黄素对经典Wnt通路及其配体的影响。结果:姜黄素对PDLSCs的增殖能力无影响。与对照组相比较,姜黄素能增加PDLSCs的ALP活性、上调ALP、OCN和Runx2等成骨相关基因的表达、增加矿化结节数量(P<0.05)。姜黄素能阻断Wnt信号通路,但加入Wnt信号通路激动剂(氯化锂)后,PDLSCs的成骨分化能力显著下降。结论:姜黄素能通过抑制Wnt信号通路,增强牙周膜干细胞成骨分化能力。     

釉基质蛋白影响人牙囊细胞生物学特性的实验研究

目的:观察釉基质蛋白(EMPs)对牙囊细胞(HDFC)增殖及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响。方法:利用酶消化联合组织块培养法获得HDFC。以一定浓度的EMPs作用于牙囊细胞,通过四唑盐比色法和酶动力学方法检测对细胞增殖及ALP活性的变化。结果:EMPs对HDFC具有促增殖作用,其中100mg/L的EMPs的促增殖作用最显著,其促增殖作用可持续至第7天;100mg/L的EMPs可上调ALP活性。结论:EMPs可促进HDFC增殖,影响其ALP活性,可能在牙囊细胞的诱导分化中起重要作用。     

机械牵张应力对成骨细胞增殖和分化影响的初步研究

目的:研究不同力值及加力时间的机械牵张应力对成骨细胞增殖和分化能力的影响。方法:采用Flexcell牵张应力加载系统,对成骨样细胞Saos-2进行不同力值、不同时间的刺激,MTT法检测细胞受力后的增殖变化;ALP试剂盒检测细胞受力后ALP活性的变化;半定量RT-PCR检测骨钙蛋白(OC)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)的mRNA的表达;用茜素红染色观察矿化结节形成。结果:当应变值为12%时,力学刺激对成骨样细胞Saos-2增殖以及ALP活性的促进作用最强(P<0.01)。应变值为12%的力学刺激呈时间依赖性明显上调了成骨样细胞Saos-2的增殖、ALP活性以及骨桥蛋白和骨钙蛋白mRNA的表达(P<0.01);牵张应力刺激组较对照组更加容易形成矿化结节。结论:大小适宜的牵张应力可以促进成骨细胞的增殖以及分化指标如ALP活性、骨桥蛋白和骨钙蛋白mRNA的转录水平、矿化结节的形成等,说明机械牵张应力对于成骨细胞的增殖和分化发挥着重要的调控作用。     

柚皮苷对人牙周膜细胞功能调节的作用

目的:通过研究中药有效成分柚皮苷对人牙周膜细胞(hPDLCs)增殖、矿化成骨及骨保护素(OPG)表达的影响,探讨柚皮苷对人牙周膜细胞增殖及成骨功能的调节作用。方法:采用酶消化结合组织块法,体外原代培养hPDLCs,通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法、酶联免疫吸附法和半定量反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)等方法,测定不同质量浓度(100、10、1.0、0.1、0.01mg/L)柚皮苷作用后,hPDLCs增殖、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、OPG表达的变化,采用SPSS16.0统计包对数据进行统计学处理。结果:原代培养的hPDLCs形态良好,1.0mg/L浓度组的柚皮苷对hPDLCs增殖、ALP活性和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达的促进作用最强,此浓度柚皮苷对细胞OPG mRNA的调节作用在测定时段内呈时间依赖性。结论:柚皮苷有促进hPDLCs增殖及向成骨方向转化的作用。     

小肠黏膜下层对牙周膜干细胞体外增殖、骨向分化的影响

目的 观察小肠黏膜下层 (SIS)与人牙周膜干细胞(PDLSCs)的生物相容性及其作为支架材料对PDLSCs的骨向分化诱导作用。方法 体外分离培养 PDLSCs,分别用四唑盐比色法（MTS）、茜素红染色法、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法观察 SIS 生物材料对PDLSCs增殖活性和骨向分化能力的影响。结果 SIS 显著地刺激体外培养的PDLSCs增殖,诱导了细胞的矿化和提高细胞ALP活性。RT-PCR结果显示SIS诱导后细胞 mRNA 水平表达骨涎蛋白(BSP)和骨钙素（OCN)。结论 体外培养条件下,SIS与PDLSCs有良好的生物相容性,能够诱导PDLSCs骨向分化。     

骨形成蛋白-2和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对人骨髓基质细胞的生物学作用

目的：探讨重组人骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b—FGF)单独或联合作用对人骨髓基质细胞(HBMSC)增殖和分化的影响。方法：利用四唑盐比色法(MTT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)测定法观察不同浓度的rhBMP-2和b—FGF单独或联合作用时HBMSC的增殖和分化情况。结果：rhBMP-2对HBMSC的增殖和ALP表达均有促进作用；b—FGF促进HBMSC增殖，但抑制ALP表达；rhBMP-2和b—FGF联合作用时HBMSC的增殖和ALP活性较单独作用有显著提高。结论：rhBMP-2和b—FGF联合应用时对HBMSC的增殖和向成骨细胞分化具有协同作用。     

Local application of IGF1 on dental pulp mechanically exposed; in vivo study on rabbit

IGF1 (Insulin Growth Factor, 1) was intentionally applied onto pulp tissues, aiming to provoque a dentine regeneration process through the stimulation of the dentinoblasts' potententials. 72 cavities were hence performed on rabbit molars, intentionally exposing the dental pulp. Different concentrations of IGF1 were then applied; The histo and anatomo-pathological observations showed persistent vitality of the pulp without any sign of necrosis, even 6 weeks after the IGF1 application. Dentinoblasts layers (as an indication of the regeneration activity) were counted, according to a pre-established protocol, at days 7, 14, 22, 28 and 42. The type of the applied IGF1, was carefully selected to be "Binding Protein Resistant" (IGF-BPR), so to avoid any inhibition of the IGF1 action by the endogenous binding proteins (Hochscheid and coll). The results were conclusive in indicating the IGF1 as an efficient dental pulp capping product.     

The use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRP) extracts in dental implantology and oral surgery

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), made from autologous blood, is being used to deliver growth factors in high concentration to sites requiring osseous grafting. Growth factors released from the platelets include Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-b) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). These factors signal the local mesenchymal and epithelial cells to migrate, divide, and increase collagen and matrix synthesis. PRP has been suggested for use to increase the rate of bone deposition and quality of bone regeneration when augmenting sites prior to or in conjunction with dental implant placement. There is still lack of scientific evidence to support the use of PRP and PRF in combination with bone grafts during augmentation procedures. Further research is warranted.     

Physiological bases of bone regeneration II. The remodeling process

Bone remodeling is the restructuring process of existing bone, which is in constant resorption and formation. Under normal conditions, this balanced process allows the renewal of 5-10% of bone volume per year. At the microscopic level, bone remodeling is produced in basic multicellular units, where osteoclasts resorb a certain quantity of bone and osteoblasts form the osteoid matrix and mineralize it to fill the previously created cavity. These units contain osteoclasts, macrophages, preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, and are controlled by a series of factors, both general and local, allowing normal bone function and maintaining the bone mass. When this process becomes unbalanced then bone pathology appears, either in excess (osteopetrosis) or deficit (osteoporosis). The purpose of this study is to undertake a revision of current knowledge on the physiological and biological mechanisms of the bone remodeling process; highlighting the role played by the regulating factors, in particular that of the growth factors.     

整联蛋白在骨重建中的作用

骨重建过程是由间充质干细胞、成骨细胞、骨细胞和破骨细胞等多种细胞共同参与完成的细胞生物学反应.作为细胞膜表面重要跨膜蛋白,整联蛋白在该过程中发挥着重要作用.该文对整联蛋白在骨重建中的表达变化和功能作用进行综述,以期为后续研究及临床应用提供理论依据.     

The role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta 1-beta 2-beta 3) during rat craniofacial development

Growth factors seem to be part of a complex cellular signalling language, in which individual growth factors are the equivalents of the letters that compose words. According to this analogy, informational content lies, not in an individual growth factor, but in the entire set of growth factors and others signals to which a cell is exposed. The ways in which growth factors exert their combinatorial effects are becoming clearer as the molecular mechanisms of growth factors actions are being investigated. A number of related extracellular signalling molecules that play widespread roles in regulating development in both invertebrates and vertebrates constitute the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and type beta Transforming Growth Factor (TGF beta). The latest research literature about the role and fate of these Growth factors and their influence in the craniofacial bone growth ad development is reviewed.     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ对培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞生物学活性的影响

目的：研究ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ对培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞（ＰＤＬＦ）生物学活性的影响,方法：接种一定量培养至第５代的人ＰＤＬＦ,用ＭＴＴ法和碱性磷酸酶比色法观察ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ作用下,ＰＤＬＦ的增殖和碱性磷酸酶活性的变化。结果：ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ在实验浓度范围内,对ＰＤＬＦ有较明显的促增殖作用,对ＰＤＬＦ的ＡＬＰ活性具有较强的促进作用。结论：ＩＧＦ－ＩＩ对ＰＤＬＦ的生物学活性有一定的影响,揭示其可能通过ＰＤＬＦ发挥其     

正畸力作用下垂直型骨吸收牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨改建的实验研究

目的：观察正畸力作用下牙周炎大鼠垂直吸收的牙槽骨改建,为牙周炎的临床正畸治疗提供依据。方法：将75只10周龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,正常加力对照组（ A）、牙周炎垂直骨吸收对照组（ B）、牙周炎垂直骨吸收加力实验组（ C）,每组各25只,各组动物分别于加力后8 h,1、7、14、21 d处死,取动物模型上颌左侧第一磨牙近中牙槽骨进行组织学及免疫学检测,所得结果进行对比研究。结果：正畸加力至7d时,实验组大鼠垂直吸收侧牙周膜纤维排列紊乱,出现无细胞结构,结缔组织可见少量炎症细胞,牙槽骨表面还可见功能活跃的多核破骨细胞,与对照组相比较无显著差异,实验组大鼠牙周组织中IGF?1表达达到峰值,光密度值最高,与对照组比较有显著差异（ P＜0．05）;加力至14 d时,实验组大鼠垂直吸收侧牙周组织中RUNX2的表达达到峰值,其光密度值最高,明显高于正常加力对照组,其变化有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：控制牙周炎症和消除咬合创伤后,正畸力能刺激牙周炎大鼠垂直缺损牙槽骨区域的RUNX2和IGF?1的表达增强,合成骨胶原和骨基质的能力增强,从而促进牙槽骨的改建。     

Do dental implants preserve and maintain alveolar bone?

Dental implants have been touted as capable of playing an active role in the maintenance of alveolar bone height, despite the lack of a sound biological basis to support this proposition. This paper reviews the biology of bone loss, the literature concerning alveolar bone remodeling in both the postextraction period and long term, and discusses the literature regarding the influence dental implant placement has on this process. Based on current evidence, implants do not have an active role in the preservation and maintenance of alveolar bone height. Following extraction of a tooth, no external influence has been identified that will prevent loss of bundle bone or alveolar bone remodeling. Additionally, the magnitude of change is patient, site, and time dependant. Further supporting evidence is required before it can be concluded that dental implants are capable of influencing alveolar bone remodeling.     

Histological evaluation of sinus augmentation using platelet rich plasma (PRP): a case series

The use of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in conjunction with autogenous bone graft materials has recently been advocated for use in sinus augmentation surgery as a means of enhancing both quantity and quality of newly forming bone. The use of PRP is based on the premise that autogenous plasma, rich in platelets, contributes large quantities of mitogenic polypeptides such as Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), thereby enhancing osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of PRP to enhance bone formation following sinus augmentation with different bone derivative/substitute materials (DFDBA, FDBA, Xenograft, Bioactive Glass). This study presents histology of trephine-obtained core samples from five clinical cases in which sinus augmentation was performed with PRP combined with bone derivatives/substitutes. Histological evaluation of this case series consistently revealed the presence of residual graft particles surrounded by loose connective tissue, with a limited amount of newly formed bone. The findings suggest that the addition of PRP to bone derivative/substitute materials may not significantly enhance bone formation in the maxillary sinus area.