嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎4例临床分析

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG）是以嗜酸细胞浸润为特征的罕见胃肠道疾病,临床和内镜表现无特异性。本文总结分析4例EG患者的病史、临床表现、实验室检查、内镜病理表现及治疗。注意本病的诊断线索,结合内镜病理等检查,同时排除其他疾病是诊断EG的关键,激素是治疗EG的有效药物。     

粪菌移植与肝癌

<正>人体胃肠道栖息着大量的、种类繁多的微生物,其中最主要的是细菌,我们称之为肠道菌群。作为人体最复杂的微生态系统之一,肠道菌群对人类健康有着重要的影响。通过与肠粘膜相互作用,肠道菌群参与机体营养物质的新陈代谢和免疫调节等过程~([1])。不仅如此,肠道菌群和人体疾病的发生发展亦有重要的联系~([2])。肠道菌群失调不仅打破了所处肠道微环境的动态平衡,直接导致肠道疾病,而     

Fecal microbiota transplantation broadening its application beyond intestinal disorders

Intestinal dysbiosis is now known to be a complication in a myriad of diseases.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),as a microbiota-target therapy,is arguably very effective for curing Clostridium difficile infection and has good outcomes in other intestinal diseases.New insights have raised an interest in FMT for the management of extra-intestinal disorders associated with gut microbiota.This review shows that it is an exciting time in the burgeoning science of FMT application in previously unexpected areas,including metabolic diseases,neuropsychiatric disorders,autoimmune diseases,allergic disorders,and tumors.A randomized controlled trial was conducted on FMT in metabolic syndrome by infusing microbiota from lean donors or from self-collected feces,with the resultant findings showing that the lean donor feces group displayed increased insulin sensitivity,along with increased levels of butyrate-producing intestinal microbiota.Case reports of FMT have also shown favorable outcomes in Parkinson's disease,multiple sclerosis,myoclonus dystonia,chronic fatigue syndrome,and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.FMT is a promising approach in the manipulation of the intestinal microbiota and has potential applications in a variety of extra-intestinal conditions associated with intestinal dysbiosis.     

Adult eosinophilic gastroenteritis and hypereosinophilic syndromes

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis （EGE） in the adult is a distinctive pathologically-based disorder characterized by an eosinophil-predominant mucosal inflammatory process. Most often, the disorder is detected during endoscopic investigation for abdominal pain or diarrhea. Other causes of gastric and intestinal mucosal eosinophilia require exclusion, including parasitic infections and drug-induced causes. Occasionally, the muscle wall or serosal surface may be involved. EGE appears to be more readily recognized, in large part, due to an evolution in the imaging methods used to evaluate abdominal pain and diarrhea, in particular, endoscopic imaging and mucosal biopsies. Definition of EGE, however, may be difficult, as the normal ranges of eosinophil numbers in normal and abnormal gastric and intestinal mucosa are not well standardized. Also, the eosinophilic inflammatory process may be either patchy or diffuse and the detection of the eosinophilic infiltrates may vary depending on the method of biopsy fixation. Treatment has traditionally focused on resolution of symptoms, and, in some instances, eosinophil quantification in pre-treatment and posttreatment biopsies. Future evaluation and treatment of EGE may depend on precise serological biomarkers to aid in definition of the long-term natural history of the disorder and its response to pharmacological or biological forms of therapy.     

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（附95例分析）

目的探讨嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的病因、临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析近10年来国内报道嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的文献45篇计95例。结果①有过敏史者8例（占84％）；有过敏诱因者41例（占43．2％）。②临床症状多样化，分型：黏膜病变型占61％，肌层病变型占9．4％，浆膜病变型占29．5％。③外周血嗜酸粒细胞增高者90．5％；骨髓检查及腹水检查阳性率达100％；血沉异常者占8118％；lgE异常者占47．3％；胃镜病理提示有嗜酸粒细胞浸润者92．6%；肠镜病理提示有嗜酸粒细胞浸润者62.5％。④激素治疗66例，治愈率100％；给予抗组胺等对症治疗25例，治愈率88％，两者相比无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论近10年嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎有增多趋势。外周血嗜酸细胞计数、胃肠道多部位活检、骨髓检查、腹水检查、血沉及IgE的检查有利于明确诊断。本病预后良好，对激素治疗敏感，调整饮食及对症治疗效果良好。     

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的临床多样性

目的：分析嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)临床表现多样性,、非特异性以及误诊的主要原因。方法：对4例EG患者的病史、临床表现、生化和特殊检查结果进行分析,结合文献报道,分析EG患者的临床特点和误诊原因。结果EG患者多以消化不良为首发症状,可伴腹泻。随着疾病的发展可出现肠梗阻和／或腹水。症状与嗜酸细胞浸润所累积的部位和深度有关。误诊原因：（1）对EG认识不足,缺乏内镜下足够部位和深度的黏膜活检;（2）对腹水患者未行腹水涂片检查嗜酸细胞;（3）腹腔镜检查不普及。结论 EG多以消化不良为主要表现。内镜表现缺乏特异性。胃肠道黏膜组织病理学检查是诊断的关键。浆膜病变应查腹水嗜酸细胞,腹腔镜检查有助于此类患者的诊断。     

Fecal microbiota transplantation in the metabolic diseases: Current status and perspectives

With the development of microbiology and metabolomics, the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal diseases has been revealed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as a new treatment method, can affect the course of many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, malignant tumor, autoimmune disease and nervous system disease. Although the mechanism of action of FMT is now well understood, there is some controversy in metabolic diseases, so its clinical application may be limited. Microflora transplantation is recommended by clinical medical guidelines and consensus for the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection, and has been gradually promoted for the treatment of other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. However, the initial results are varied, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the donor stools may affect the efficacy of FMT. The success of FMT depends on the microbial diversity and composition of donor feces. Therefore, clinical trials may fail due to the selection of ineffective donors, and not to faulty indication selection for FMT. A new understanding is that FMT not only improves insulin sensitivity, but may also alter the natural course of type 1 diabetes by modulating autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on the main mechanisms and deficiencies of FMT, and explore the optimal design of FMT research, especially in the field of cardiometabolic diseases.     

12例嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎临床分析

目的分析嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（EG）的临床特点、诊断要点和治疗预后，并探讨其误诊原因。方法对12例EG患者的病史、临床表现、实验室检查、内镜表现和治疗随诊情况进行分析。结果黏膜型EG患者常以腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻为主要表现。肌层型以肠梗阻为主要表现，可有腹痛、便秘。浆膜型以腹痛、腹胀、腹水为主要症状，可伴恶心、呕吐等。外周血和骨髓中嗜酸细胞计数明显增高（0．445±0．202，0．327±0．018），以成熟型为主，其变化随症状的有无而增减。血沉、C反应蛋白等指标正常。腹水为渗出液，可见嗜酸细胞。内镜表现多为黏膜片状糜烂、浅溃疡、散在充血斑或出血点，以十二指肠、胃窦、和回肠末端、回盲部最明显．活检可证实大量嗜酸细胞浸润。激素治疗可在1周内迅速缓解症状，并使嗜酸细胞恢复正常。结论EG临床和内镜表现无特异性．外周血嗜酸细胞、腹水嗜酸细胞，尤其是胃肠黏膜组织中嗜酸细胞增多是诊断的关键。     

益生菌增强急性严重肝损伤粪菌移植效果

目的观察小鼠肠道菌群的变化,探讨粪菌结合益生菌移植干预急性严重肝损伤的结局。方法选雄性BALB/c小鼠40只,随机分为空白对照组10只,模型组10只,普通粪菌移植组10只,粪菌+益生菌移植组10只,除空白对照组外,其余各组给予D-氨基半乳糖(3.0 g/kg)腹腔注射制备急性严重肝损伤模型,普通粪菌移植组和粪菌+益生菌移植组在造模同时分别给予普通粪菌液和益生菌+粪菌液灌肠(1次/d),48 h后取血清用于检测丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、总胆红素,取肝组织用于病理学检测。取结肠内容物用于提取DNA进行16S V3-V4区高通量测序,用生物信息学分析技术对测序结果进行可操作分类单元聚类分析,α多样性分析,β多样性分析,线性判别分析找到不同分组小鼠的结肠内容物特征性差异细菌。临床生物化学指标组间差异比较采用t检验,16S V3-V4区测序结果组间差异采用Wilcoxon检验。结果模型组小鼠血清肝脏生物化学指标高于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),模型组肝脏HE染色结果显示肝组织镜下呈严重炎性改变;普通粪菌移植组和粪菌+益生菌移植组较模型组明显减轻,炎症减轻。16S rRNA高通量测序分析结果显示,空白对照组小鼠群菌结构与其他3组的Shannon差异无统计学意义,Observed Species差异有统计学意义,菌群构成差异大,粪菌移植增加小鼠肠道内物种数量。β-多样性分析结果显示,空白对照组与其他3组的组间差异大于疾病组之间的组间差异,粪菌+益生菌移植组改变疾病小鼠肠道菌群结构的差异细菌多为产丁酸盐细菌。结论粪菌+益生菌增强粪菌移植治疗效果,改善肝脏炎症,增加肠道内产丁酸盐细菌数量。     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with eosinophilic infiltration of the gall bladder

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract wall with various gastrointestinal manifestations. Several organs in the digestive tract may be involved by EG, but biliary tract involvements are rare. We report here a case of EG with eosinophilic infiltration of the gall bladder. A 57-year-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of abdominal pain and diarrhea. As ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed thickened gall bladder wall and debris in the neck of gall bladder, we performed cholecystectomy, but his symptoms were not improved. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed multiple erosions, redness and edema in the duodenum and stomach. Biopsy specimens from the duodenum and stomach showed infiltration of eosinophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes. Microscopic findings of resected gall bladder showed eosinophilic infiltration into the all layers of gall bladder wall without vasculitis. Based on these findings, EG with eosinophilic infiltration of the gall bladder was diagnosed. Following oral steroid administration, clinical symptoms were immediately improved. One month after the therapy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not show any findings of gastritis or duodenitis, and there were no eosinophilic infiltrations in biopsy specimens from duodenum and stomach.     

27例嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎临床诊治分析

目的探讨嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)临床表现、内镜、病理特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月~2008年9月的27例住院EG患者的临床资料,对其临床分型及诊治方法进行分析。结果本组27例EG中黏膜型17例、浆膜型4例、黏膜浆膜混合型5例及黏膜肌层混合型1例。85.19%的患者以腹痛为首发症状,内镜检查病变多分布在胃窦、十二指肠降部和回盲部。活体组织病理学检查或腹水细胞学发现大量嗜酸粒细胞浸润。予以糖皮质激素或抗组胺类药物,腹痛症状均在1周内缓解。结论EG主要发生于20~50岁青中年患者,以黏膜型最常见,多以腹痛为主要症状且常规镇痛药物疗效不佳,内镜活体组织病理学检查或腹水细胞学检查有助于明确诊断。糖皮质激素治疗疗效显著。     

20例嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎临床及内镜特点分析

目的 探讨嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎(EG)患者的临床表现及内镜检查对该病的诊治价值.方法 对20例EG患者的临床特点、试验室检查、内镜表现和治疗随诊情况进行分析.结果 20例患者中黏膜型12例、浆膜型2例、混合型6例;EG临床表现以腹痛为主,可伴有腹胀、腹泻、腹水、恶心、呕吐;外周血和骨髓中嗜酸性粒细胞计数明显增多(13.5%～50.6%和7.8%～38.5%).腹水中可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞;内镜表现为黏膜充血水肿、糜烂,病理检查可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;糖皮质激素治疗1～2周内可迅速缓解症状,减量维持,然后逐渐减量至停药;病情可反复,但预后良好.结论 EG患者临床和内镜表现无特异性,外周血和腹水中嗜酸性粒细胞计数明显增多,胃肠黏膜组织中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润是诊断的关键,糖皮质激素治疗效果良好.     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as small bowel obstruction： A case report and review of the literature

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall to a variable depth and symptoms associated with gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the authors experienced a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as small bowel obstruction. A 51-year old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness. Complete blood count showed mild leukocytosis without eosinophilia. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine with ascites. An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of peritonitis due to intestinal obstruction. Segmental resection of the ileum and end to end anastomosis were performed. Histologically, there was a dense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the entire thickness of ileal wall and eosinophilic enteritis was diagnosed. The patient recovered well, and was free from gastrointestinal symptoms at the time when we reported her disease.     

Unusual presentations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis： Case series and review of literature

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis （EG） is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia.Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appearance may vary from normal to mucosal nodularity and ulceration.Gastrointestinal obstruction is unusual and is associated with predominantly muscular disease. We present five unusual cases of EG associated with gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Two cases presented with acute pancreatitis and one had a history of pancreatitis.Four cases responded well to medical therapy and onehad recurrent gastric outlet obstruction that required surgery. Four out of the five cases had endoscopic and histological evidence of esophagitis and two had colitis.Two patients had ascites. These cases reaffirm that EG is a disorder with protean manifestations and may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gastric outletand/or small bowel obstruction is an important though uncommon presentation of EG. It may also presentas esophagitis, gastritis with polypoid lesions, ulcers or erosions, colitis and pancreatitis and may mimic malignancy.     

粪菌移植与慢性肝脏疾病

<正>成人胃肠道粘膜表面积达到300 m2,是人体与外界环境发生相互作用最大的区域。在成人胃肠道中定殖着超过1×10~(14)个微生物。各种不同的环境信号和不同的饮食习惯使肠道微生物群产生大量的代谢产物以及脂多糖/内毒素、胆汁酸、短链脂肪酸、三甲胺等物质。肝脏作为肠道营养物质、细菌产物、毒素以及其他各种代谢产物的接受者和过滤者,经受着这些物质的作用,可能造成许多肝脏疾     

Fecal microbiota transplantation as novel therapy in gastroenterology:A systematic review

AIM:To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).We systematically reviewed FMT used as clinical therapy.METHODS:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library and Conference proceedings from inception to July,2013.Treatment effect of FMT was calculated as the percentage of patients who achieved clinical improvement per patient category,on an intention-to-treat basis.RESULTS:We included 45 studies;34 on Clostridium difficile-infection(CDI),7 on inflammatory bowel disease,1 on metabolic syndrome,1 on constipation,1 on pouchitis and 1 on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).In CDI 90% resolution of diarrhea in 33 case series(n = 867) was reported,and 94% resolution of diarrhea after repeated FMT in a randomized controlled trial(RCT)(n = 16).In ulcerative colitis(UC) remission rates of 0% to 68% were found(n = 106).In Crohn's disease(CD)(n = 6),no benefit was observed.In IBS,70% improvement of symptoms was found(n = 13).100% Reversal of symptoms was observed in constipation(n = 3).In pouchitis,none of the patients(n = 8) achieved remission.One RCT showed significant improvement of insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome(n = 10).Serious adverse events were rare.CONCLUSION:FMT is highly effective in CDI,and holds promise in UC.As for CD,chronic constipation,pouchitis and IBS data are too limited to draw conclusions.FMT increases insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome.