谷胱甘肽对锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究谷胱甘肽(GSH)对锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法将48只清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组,即空白对照组(生理盐水)、拮抗组(1 mmol/kg GSH)、低剂量染毒组(15 mg/kg MnCl2.4H2O)、高剂量染毒组(30mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O)、低剂量染毒拮抗组(15 mg/kgMnCl2.4H2O和1 mmol/kgGSH)和高剂量染毒拮抗组(30 mg/kg MnCl2.4H2O和1 mmol/kgGSH),每组8只。采用化学比色法检测血清和睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,并对睾丸组织进行病理学检查。结果与空白对照组比较,高剂量染毒组血清和睾丸组织SOD、CAT及GSH-Px活力均下降(P<0.01);低剂量染毒组血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力和睾丸SOD活力均下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);高剂量染毒拮抗组血清和睾丸组织SOD和CAT活力明显下降(P<0.01)。与相同剂量的单纯锰染毒组比较,低剂量染毒拮抗组血清和睾丸组织SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均恢复至对照组水平;高剂量染毒拮抗组血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均明显上升(P<0.01),睾丸组织SOD和GSH-Px活力明显上升(P<0.01)。病理检查可见低剂量染毒组和高剂量染毒组睾丸生精小管呈现不同程度的变性,生精上皮变薄,管腔内精子较少或缺如。低剂量染毒拮抗组睾丸病理学的改变基本恢复正常;高剂量染毒拮抗组睾丸仍然可见变性的生精小管,管腔内精子较少见。结论GSH可拮抗锰染毒大鼠抗氧化能力的降低,对机体起一定的保护作用。     

牛黄及胆红素对三氯乙烯染毒小鼠脂质过氧化的拮抗作用

目的研究牛黄、胆红素对三氯乙烯(TCE)染毒ICR小鼠所致的脂质过氧化的拮抗作用。方法用TCE灌胃染毒ICR小鼠制造脂质过氧化模型,然后分别以牛黄、胆红素灌胃,测定ICR小鼠肝、肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)。结果与阴性对照组比,TCE处理组肝、肾组织GSH Px、SOD、CAT活力降低,MDA含量增加,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);牛黄、胆红素染毒与TCE处理组比较,肝、肾组织GSH Px、SOD、CAT活力显著增强(P<0.05),脂质过氧化产物MDA含量减少。结论牛黄和胆红素均能较好地拮抗TCE所引起的ICR小鼠脂质过氧化。     

羊睾丸提取液对铅染毒小鼠睾丸氧化损伤的拮抗作用

目的 探讨羊睾丸提取液对铅染毒小鼠睾丸氧化损伤的拮抗作用.方法 将30只健康清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照(蒸馏水)组、模型组和羊睾丸拮抗组.模型组采用0.4％乙酸铅溶液灌胃染毒(染毒剂量为30 mg/kg,染毒容量为10 ml/kg),同时,腹腔注射蒸馏水0.5 ml;羊睾丸拮抗组采用0.4％乙酸铅灌胃染毒,同时,腹腔注射羊睾丸提取液0.5 ml.每天染毒1次,连续21d.检测血清中睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及黄体生成素(LH)含量;检测睾丸组织匀浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量;检测附睾精子密度、精子活率和活精子百分率.结果 与模型组比较,对照组和羊睾丸拮抗组小鼠血清T含量和睾丸组织匀浆中T-AOC、T-SOD 、CAT、GSH-Px活力及精子密度、精子活率、活精子百分率均较高,MDA含量均较低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而羊睾丸拮抗组小鼠血清T含量和睾丸组织匀浆中T-AOC、T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力及精子密度、精子活率、活精子百分率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义.各组小鼠血清FSH和LH含量间比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 羊睾丸提取液可拮抗铅染毒致小鼠睾丸的氧化损伤作用.     

中低剂量双酚A对小鼠肝、肾氧化损伤作用的实验研究

目的研究双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)对小鼠的氧化损伤作用,探讨中低剂量双酚A致小鼠肝肾氧化损伤机制。方法将60只4周龄昆明(KM)雄性小鼠按体重随机分为6组,分别予以不同剂量BPA(0.0004、0.004、0.04、10、50 mg/kg)玉米油溶液灌胃,每天染毒一次,连续染毒30 d。处死后取肝肾脏组织制备匀浆液,采用WST-1法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,用紫外分光法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,化学比色法测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,比色法测定丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以分光光度法测定羟自由基含量,用化学比色法测定过氧化氢以及超氧阴离子自由基的含量。结果与对照组比较,除0.0004 mg/kg剂量组肾O2-外,各剂量组自由基及丙二醛含量显著升高,且随染毒剂量的增加而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而抗氧化酶活性,除0.0004 mg/kg剂量组肾SOD外,各剂量组肝、肾SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性随染毒剂量增加而下降。结论中低剂量BPA明显致小鼠的肝肾抗氧化酶活性降低、MDA及氧自由基含量增加,从而导致氧化损伤。     

3种黄酮类化合物对铝染毒大鼠肝肾抗氧化系统的保护作用

目的探讨黄酮类化合物对铝染毒大鼠肝肾抗氧化系统的保护作用。方法将64只健康SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为8组,分别为阴性对照组、三氯化铝染毒组和100、200 mg/kg芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组,每组8只。采用灌胃方式进行染毒,每天1次,其中,阴性对照组连续12周给予1.0 ml/d生理盐水;前4周三氯化铝染毒组和各剂量芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组分别给予281.40 mg/kg三氯化铝溶液;后8周分别给予1 ml生理盐水及相应剂量的黄酮类化合物。测定大鼠肝、肾组织中的丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、ATP酶(ATPase)活力。结果与阴性对照组相比,三氯化铝染毒组大鼠肝、肾组织中的MDA含量升高,而SOD、GSH-Px活力及Na~+K~+-ATP酶、Mg~(2+)-ATP酶、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活力均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与三氯化铝染毒组比较,200 mg/kg芦丁拮抗组大鼠肝组织中的SOD活力以及200 mg/kg芦丁、葛根素拮抗组和各剂量水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肝组织中的GSH-Px活力均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而各剂量芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肝组织中的MDA含量均无明显变化。与三氯化铝染毒组比较,各剂量芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肾组织中的MDA含量均较低,而200mg/kg芦丁拮抗组大鼠肾组织中的SOD、GSH-Px活力升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与三氯化铝染毒组比较,200mg/kg芦丁、水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肝组织中的Na~+K~+-ATP酶活力及200 mg/kg芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肝组织中的Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活力以及200 mg/kg葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组和各剂量芦丁拮抗组大鼠肝组织中的Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活力均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与三氯化铝染毒组比较,200 mg/kg芦丁、水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肾组织中的Na~+K~+-ATP酶活力及200 mg/kg葛根素、水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肾组织中的Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活力以及200 mg/kg芦丁拮抗组和各剂量水飞蓟素拮抗组大鼠肾组织中的Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活力均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且随着芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素处理剂量的升高,三氯化铝染毒大鼠肝、肾组织中的MDA含量均呈下降趋势,而SOD、GSH-Px活力和Na~+K~+-ATP酶、Mg~(2+)-ATP酶、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活力均呈上升趋势。结论黄酮类化合物(芦丁、葛根素、水飞蓟素)在一定剂量范围内对铝染毒大鼠肝肾组织抗氧化系统具有保护作用,可以有效地减轻铝造成的肝肾损伤。     

金属硫蛋白对镍铬联合染毒小鼠肝脏损伤的拮抗作用

目的研究硫酸镍+重铬酸钾联合染毒对小鼠肝脏损伤的影响及金属硫蛋白(MT)的拮抗作用。方法将50只健康SPF级昆明小鼠按体重随机分为5组,分别为溶剂对照组(生理盐水)、镍铬(1.0 mg/kg硫酸镍+0.5 mg/kg重铬酸钾)联合染毒组和低、中、高剂量MT保护(1.0 mg/kg硫酸镍+0.5 mg/kg重铬酸+5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/kg MT)组,每组10只,雌雄各半。采取灌胃方式进行染毒,染毒容量为10 ml/kg,每天1次,连续染毒21 d。检测小鼠丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活力及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果与溶剂对照组比较,镍铬联合染毒组小鼠血清AST、ALT、GGT的活力均增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。各剂量MT保护组小鼠血清AST、ALT、GGT的活力均低于镍铬联合染毒组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且随着MT染毒剂量的升高,MT保护组小鼠血清AST、ALT、GGT的活性均呈下降趋势。与溶剂对照组比较,镍铬联合染毒组小鼠肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活力和GSH含量均下降,而MDA含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与镍铬联合染毒组比较,各剂量MT保护组小鼠肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活力和GSH含量均升高,而MDA含量均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且随着MT染毒剂量的升高,MT保护组小鼠肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活力和GSH含量均呈上升趋势,而MDA含量呈下降趋势。结论 MT对镍铬联合染毒所致小鼠肝脏损伤有较好的拮抗作用,其作用机制可能与MT抗氧化作用有关。     

杞枣口服液铅毒性干预作用的动物实验研究

目的为客观评价某公司生产的杞枣口服液是否具有拮抗铅毒性的功效，是否对发育期铅染毒小鼠的重要脏体比和一些特征性生化指标具有保护作用，特进行本动物学实验。方法实验动物采用刚离乳的雄性昆明小鼠103只，随机分成8组，按照实验具体要求每天固定时间喂食给药。实验期3周，断头处死，采血并分离脑、肾、肝脏组织。测量血红蛋白、脑组织脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷眺甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）和一氧化氮（NO），计算脏体比。结果杞枣口服液可有效拮抗铅毒性，对发育期铅染毒小鼠的脏体比、血红蛋白、MDA、SOD、GSH、NO等指标具有保护作用。钙、锌（明确的铅拮抗剂）也具有一定的拮抗铅毒性作用．对GSH的影响优于口服液。但在重要的小鼠脏体比和SOD二项指标中未能证明其有效。口服液的剂量不同所表现的拮抗作用程度也不同，口服液高剂量组干预效果较好（MDA指标除外）。结论在本实验条件下，该杞枣口服液具有拮抗铅毒性的功效，对发育期铅染毒小鼠具有保护作用。     

番茄红素对铅染毒小鼠脂质过氧化的保护作用

目的:观察染铅小鼠抗氧化系统的改变及番茄红素对抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法:小鼠经饮水铅染毒(醋酸铅)造成铅中毒模型后给予番茄红素,4周后处死,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:给予番茄红素的小鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH—Px活力上升,MDA含量降低,与中毒模型组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:铅中毒可引起小鼠过氧化损伤,番茄红素可以提高小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,减轻铅中毒引起的脂质过氧化。     

亚急性1,2-二氯乙烷染毒致小鼠肝组织氧化损伤的研究

本研究的目的是探讨亚急性1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)中毒致肝脏氧化损伤情况,为阐明1,2-DCE中毒性肝损伤的机制提供参考依据。将昆明种小鼠随机分成对照组和不同剂量1,2-DCE染毒组(0.35、0.7、1.2 mg/L),采用静式吸入方式染毒1周;然后,取血和肝组织,分别检测血中总胆红素(TB)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、GSH含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果中、高剂量染毒组小鼠的血浆中TB含量显著高于对照组小鼠;而中、高剂量染毒组小鼠的肝组织中GSH-Px活性和GSH含量及高剂量组的SOD活性显著低于对照组,高剂量染毒组小鼠的肝组织中MDA含量显著高于对照组。提示亚急性1,2-DCE中毒可引起肝组织的氧化性损伤。     

康泰仙对小鼠肝脑组织SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、MDA影响的实验研究

目的通过测定小鼠肝脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量来研究康泰仙(KOTAIS)对小鼠抗衰老的作用。方法采用D-半乳糖制作的衰老模型,将小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、药物低、中、高剂量组。连续给药灌胃60d后,检测肝脑组织中的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、MDA指标。结果各剂量组能提高小鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活性,并能降MDA的含量,以低、中剂量组尤其明显。结论康泰仙(KOTAIS)具有较好的消除自由基、抗衰老的作用。     

乙醇对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化和ATP酶活力的影响

目的探讨乙醇对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化和ATP酶活力的影响及意义。方法将60只小鼠随机分为高、中、低3个染毒剂量组和1个对照组。3个染毒剂量组分别以不同剂量经口染毒3d后,对各组肝组织进行过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及Na^＋K^＋ -ATP酶活力、Ca^2＋ -Mg^2＋ -ATP酶活力的测定。结果与对照组比较,乙醇染毒组小鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH—Px活力明显下降、MDA浓度显著增高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;与对照组比较,高、中剂量染毒组ATP酶活力呈显著下降趋势,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论乙醇所致对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化增强和A11P酶活力的下降,可能是乙醇导致肝功能损伤的机制之一。     

Effect of dietary n-3 and n-6 oils with and without food restriction on activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in livers of cyclophosphamide treated autoimmune-prone NZB/W female mice

OBJECTIVE: Cyclophosphamide (CTX), an alkylating agent, is extensively used in the treatment of lupus nephritis, but its administration has been associated with free radical mediated oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO) and food restriction (FR) on the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation following CTX administration in autoimmune-prone NZB/W female mice. METHODS: Autoimmune-prone NZB/W female mice were fed either ad libitum (AL) or food restricted (60% of AL intake), semipurified diets containing 5% CO or 5% FO supplemented with equal levels of antioxidants and injected with either phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or CTX (50 mg/kg body weight) every 10 days. Proteinuria was measured biweekly. The treatment was stopped at 10 months and diets were continued until the mice were killed at 12 months. Fatty acid composition, activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were analyzed in liver homogenates, and anti-DNA antibodies were analyzed in the serum. RESULTS: Mice in the FO/AL dietary group exhibited significantly higher liver catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities compared to the CO/AL dietary group. CTX significantly decreased SOD and GSH-Px activity in the FO/AL group and CAT and GSH-Px in the CO/AL group. In AL fed mice given CTX, activities of CAT, GSH-Px and GST were significantly higher in mice fed FO diets than in mice fed CO diets. FR increased the activity of enzymes in both the CO and FO diet groups. In FR mice, CTX decreased CAT and GSH-Px activity in both the CO and FO dietary groups, but glutathione S-transferase (GST) only in the CO group. The decrease in SOD activity was not significant in either of the restricted groups. CTX significantly increased generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both AL groups. FR significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in both the CO and FO groups, with or without CTX. CTX decreased serum anti-DNA antibody levels in both the CO and FO dietary groups. FR also decreased antibody titer in both the CO and FO dietary groups, and it was decreased further with CTX treatment. FO fed animals had higher levels of n-3 fatty acids, whereas CO fed animals had high levels of n-6 fatty acids. CTX significantly increased 20:4 and decreased 18:1 in CO/AL fed animals, whereas it increased 18:1 and decreased 22:6 in FO/AL fed animals. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained in the present study suggests that FO and, more significantly, FO combined with FR can have a beneficial effect in hepatic tissues subjected to CTX induced oxidative stress by regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the study also indicates that n-3 and n-6 dietary lipids are susceptible to lipid peroxidation, particularly in the presence of a prooxidant like CTX, and that FR is beneficial in decreasing lipid peroxidation. The study also suggests that FO and CTX can have additive effects in preventing kidney disease in NZB/W mice.     

碱性电解水对D-半乳糖致小鼠血液和肝、肾、脑组织脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的探讨碱性电解水对D-半乳糖致小鼠血液和肝、肾、脑组织脂质过氧化作用的影响。方法将45只成年雄性清洁级昆明小鼠随机分为3组,分别为对照组(皮下注射生理盐水及饮用自来水18周)、D-半乳糖染毒组(皮下注射100mg/kgD-半乳糖,1次/d,同时饮用自来水18周)、D-半乳糖+碱性电解水组(皮下注射100mg/kgD-半乳糖,1次/天,连续18周,并于前6周饮用自来水,后12周饮用碱性电解水),每组15只。于末次暴露后1h,处死动物,取血液、肝脏、肾脏和大脑。采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量。采用DTNB法测定还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。采用改良DTNB直接法测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。采用Sohal法测定脂褐素含量。结果与对照组相比,D-半乳糖染毒组各组织中MDA、脂褐素含量增加,GSH含量下降,GSH-Px和SOD活力下降;与染毒组相比,D-半乳糖+碱性电解水组各组织中MDA、脂褐素含量下降,GSH含量增加,GSH-Px和SOD活力增加。结论碱性电解水对D-半乳糖所致的脂质过氧化作用有一定的拮抗作用。     

丙溴磷对组织脂质过氧化影响的实验研究

目的探讨丙溴磷对组织脂质过氧化的影响及意义。方法 将家兔分为2个剂量组并经皮肤给予丙溴磷染毒,于染毒前和染毒后5d、10d,分别测定各组大脑、肝、肾组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和维生素E(Vit E)浓度。结果 染毒后家兔大脑、肝、肾组织中GSH-Px、SOD明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),Vit E浓度显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),并呈一定的剂量—效应关系。结论 家兔大脑及肝组织脂质过氧化增强,可能是丙溴磷中毒导致其大脑、肝、肾功能受损的原因之一。     

Preventive effect of vitamin E on iron-induced oxidative damage in rabbit

Although iron (Fe), plays an important role in different oxidative steps during the metabolism of the human body, it can cause free radical damage. Iron ions seem to play a major role in initiation and promotion reactions of intracellular lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin E has a protective effect on oxidative changes in erythrocytes induced by Fe treatment. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1400 +/- 50 g were used in the study. The animals were divided into three groups. The first group (n:10) was given 500 mg/kg iron-dextran through intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The second group was given 500 mg/kg iron-dextran+100 mg/kg vitamin E(ip). The third group constituted the control group and received a saline solution injection. The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutatione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were determined. Erythrocyte SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased and MDA level was increased in iron-dextran treated animals compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The activities of the three antioxidant enzymes were increased and MDA level was decreased in iron-dextran and vitamin E treated group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that lipid peroxidation occurs after iron overload in the blood. In the light of our findings, vitamin E administration can prevent the toxic oxidative effects induced by iron-dependent free radical damage in erythrocytes.     

番茄红素对小鼠前胃癌的保护作用

目的:观察番茄红素对小鼠前胃组织癌变过程的影响及其作用机制。方法:昆明小鼠随机分成4组,番茄红素组分别饲喂高、中、低不同剂量的番茄红素饲料,模型组饲喂正常饲料,2周后灌喂含苯并(a)芘的色拉油,24周后处死全部动物,观察小鼠前胃癌形成情况,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:与模型组相比,番茄红素高剂量组成瘤率和瘤直径显著减小,MDA含量降低,CAT、GSH-Px活力明显升高,高、中剂量组SOD、T-AOC活性升高。结论:番茄红素具有抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其作用机制可能与提高抗氧化酶活力,降低脂质过氧化产物有关。     

Intake of purple grape juice as a hepatoprotective agent in Wistar rats

Grape juice is a source of polyphenols, as catechin, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and others. Some health benefits have been attributed to these compounds (e.g., antioxidant and antitumorigenic properties). In this study, we investigated the possible antioxidant activity of two different grape juices: organic purple grape juice and conventional purple grape juice. The antioxidant activity of both grape juices was evaluated by an animal model of three groups: control and organic and conventional juices. After 30 days, all animals were sacrificed, and blood and liver were collected to evaluate lipid peroxidation level (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS] assay), protein oxidative level (carbonyl assay), and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The group treated with organic grape juice showed the highest SOD and CAT activities in both plasma and liver when compared with the conventional and control groups (P < .05). In plasma, we observed a positive correlation among SOD and CAT activities, resveratrol, and all anthocyanin contents, suggesting that these polyphenols may be, at least in part, responsible for this increased antioxidant defense. The grape juices were capable of reducing carbonyl and lipid peroxidation levels in plasma and liver. However, in plasma, the organic group showed lower carbonyl and TBARS levels when compared to the conventional grape juice group (P < .05). Our findings suggest that the intake of purple grape juice, especially of organic juice, induces a better antioxidant capacity when compared to conventional juice and that this may be an important issue for further investigations in the area of biochemical functional foods.     

番茄红素对镉中毒大鼠体内抗氧化酶活力影响

目的　观察番茄红素 (lycopene,LP)对镉 (Cd)中毒大鼠抗氧化酶系统的影响。 方法　大鼠饲喂CdCl2 和番茄红素 ,4周后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活力、丙二醛 (MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量。结果　与模型组相比 ,番茄红素组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH -Px活力上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以拮抗镉的毒性 ,提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,抑制镉中毒所致的脂质过氧化。     

Acute effect of single-dose cadmium treatment on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats

We investigated the acute effect of single-dose cadmium (Cd) treatment on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of rats following an ovariectomy operation. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were used and were divided into four groups: I, control (n=7); II, cadmium (Cd, n=7); III, ovariectomized (Ovx, n=7); and IV, ovariectomized+cadmium (Ovx-Cd, n=7). Fourteen of the rats were ovariectomized. Twelve weeks later, cadmium chloride (CdCl(2), 5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. as a single dose to the Cd and Ovx-Cd groups. Twenty-four hours after the injection, all rats were sacrificed and had their liver and kidney tissues removed for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. SOD activity showed a significant decrease (P<0.001) in both organs of Ovx and Cd rats in comparison to controls. CAT activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the liver of Ovx and Cd groups but not in the kidneys of both groups compared to control values. MDA concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in both organs of Ovx and Cd rats than those values observed in the control group. Similar patterns of changes were observed in the Ovx-Cd rats, but the increase in the MDA levels and the decrease in the antioxidant enzymes for the Ovx-Cd group were higher than those of the Ovx and Cd groups. Based on the data, it can be stated that cadmium increases the effect of ovariectomy on lipid peroxidation, impairs the antioxidant defense system, and induces oxidative stress.