RELATIVE AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL, ETHANOL AND PROTEIN DEFICIENCY ON LIVER HISTOLOGY AND HEPATIC IRON, ZINC, MANGANESE AND COPPER CONTENTS

The present study was performed in order to discern the effectsof propylthiouracil (PTU) on ethanol and/or protein deficiency-mediatedliver histological changes and liver Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn alterationsin male adult Wistar rats. The study was performed on 64 animalsdivided into eight groups, fed with the Lieber-DeCarli control,36% ethanol-2Tenenrife, Canary Islands, Spain protein-and 36%ethanol-2% protein-containing diets, without and with PTU, respectivelyPTU was administered at a concentration of 0.05%, an amountwhich rendered the animals hypothyroid. Two further groups of5 animals each, with and without PTU respectively, were allowedto consume the control diet ad libitum. Animals treated withPTU showed significantly less fibrosis, but more fat, than animalswithout PTU. Liver fibrosis was inversely correlated with liverzinc, liver content of this element being higher in the PTU-treatedand the ethanol or protein deficiency groups PTU also reversedethanol-mediated hepatocyte ballooning and also led to a reductionin nuclear areas.     

Relative and Combined Effects of Ethanol and Protein Deficiency on Zinc,Iron, Copper,and Manganese Contents in Different Organs and Urinary and Fecal Excretion

GONZALEZ-REIMERS, E., A. MARTINEZ-RIERA, F. SANTOLARIA-FERNANDEZ, A. MAS-PASCUAL, F. RODRIGUEZ-MORENO, L. GALINDO-MARTIN, M. MOLINA-PEREZ AND N. BARROS-LOPEZ. Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on zinc, iron, copper, and manganese contents in different organs and urinary and fecal excretion. ALCOHOL 16(1) 7–12, 1998.—The relative contribution of protein deficiency to the altered metabolism of certain trace elements in chronic alcoholics is not well defined, so this study was performed to analyse the relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on liver, bone, muscle, and blood cell content of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, and also on serum levels and urinary and fecal excretion of these elements in four groups of eight animals each that were pair-fed during 8 weeks with a nutritionally adequate diet, a 36% (as energy) ethanol-containing isocaloric diet, a 2% protein isocaloric diet, and a 36% ethanol 2% protein isocaloric diet, respectively, following the Lieber–DeCarli model. Five additional rats were fed ad lib the control diet. Protein malnutrition, but not ethanol, leads to liver zinc depletion. Both ethanol and protein malnutrition cause muscle zinc depletion and increase urinary zinc and manganese excretion, whereas ethanol also increases urinary iron excretion and liver manganese content. No differences were observed regarding copper metabolism.     

帕金森病患者血清中微量元素测定分析

目的 探讨帕金森病(PD)患者血清中微量元素水平与PD的关系.方法 选择PD患者40例作为病例组,另选择年龄、性别等与病例组患者相匹配的40例作为对照组.用石墨炉原子吸收法测定两组受检者血清中锰水平,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱ICP直接测定法测定血清中铮、铜、铁水平.结果 病例组血清中锰水平高于对照组[(0.269±0.326)μmol/L与(0.125±0.054)μmol/L比较,P<0.05],铁水平显著高于对照组[(1.512±0.949)μmol/L与(0.676±0.111)μmol/L比较,P<0.01],两组血清中铜、锌水平比较差异无统计学意义.结论 微量元素与PD的发生、发展有密切联系,其中金属元素铁、锰可能是PD的重要影响因素.     

Chemical Composition of Whole Body,Tissues, and Organs of Young Chickens (Gallus domesticus)

Male and female chicks (Gallus domesticus) were fed a corn–soybean meal diet from hatching to d-22 post-hatching, after which the chicks were killed and then dissected for tissue analysis of dry matter, protein, amino acids, lipid, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn content. The skin and feathers, muscle (red muscle and white muscle), and bone accounted for more than 70% of the body weight and contained greater than 80% of the total body protein and dry matter. These tissues also contained most of the body stores of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn, while liver also contained a substantial portion of Fe, Cu, and Mn. White muscle was substantially lower than red muscle in dry matter, lipid, Fe, Zn, and Mn content, but contained a higher proportion of protein. Whole-body Mn concentration was 4 times higher in chickens than that reported for humans. Muscle and bone accounted for 55% of whole-body Zn in chickens, which is lower than the estimated 90% contribution of these tissues to whole-body Zn in humans.     

硼对鸡肉铜铁锌锰含量的影响

目的 :探讨硼对鸡肉铜、铁、锌、锰含量的影响。方法 :选择 1日龄固始鸡 30 0羽 ,随机分成 4个组 ,分别在饮水中添加硼 (以硼酸作为硼源 ) 0、10 0、2 0 0和 4 0 0mg/L。测定 2 1、2 8、35和 4 2日龄时鸡肉中的铜、铁、锌、锰含量。结果 :各组鸡肉铜含量在 0 5 2～ 0 74 μg/g(湿重 )之间 ;锰含量在 0 31～ 0 4 6 μg/ g(湿重 )之间 ;日龄和组间差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;鸡肉铁含量在 6 2 3～ 10 4 1μg/ g(湿重 )之间 ,锌含量在 9 98～ 19 76 μg/ g(湿重 )之间 ,两者均于第 35和 4 2日龄时显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :说明硼对鸡肉中铜、锰含量没有影响 ,适量的硼 (10 0mg/L)能显著提高鸡肉中铁和锌的含量。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on bone histology and mineral metabolism.

This study was performed to analyze the relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on bone histology and mineral metabolism in 4 groups of 7 animals each which were pair-fed during 8 weeks with 1) a nutritionally adequate diet; 2) a 36% (as energy) ethanol containing isocaloric diet; 3) a 2% protein, isocaloric diet; and 4) a 36% ethanol 2% protein isocaloric diet, respectively, following the Lieber-DeCarli model. Another group of five rats were fed ad libitum the control diet. The first and second lumbar vertebrae were removed after sacrifice, and processed for histomorphometrical analysis of undecalcified bone samples. Blood and 24-h urine were also collected. Protein malnutrition, but not ethanol, leads to osteoporosis and reduced osteoid synthesis, whereas ethanol and protein malnutrition both lead to impaired bone mineral apposition and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion. These changes are accompanied by an increase in serum parathormone and serum 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, a slight hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia; protein deficiency plays an independent role in these alterations, whereas both ethanol and protein deficiency exert independent effects on decreasing serum testosterone levels; this last alteration may contribute to the bone changes mentioned before.     

RELATIVE AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL, ETHANOL AND PROTEIN DEFICIENCY ON MUSCLE

A hypermetabolic state with increased oxygen consumption hasbeen described in alcoholic hepatitis, playing a major rolein ethanol-induced liver damage. Based on its ability to decreaseoxygen consumption, propylthiouracil (PTU) has been proposedas a therapeutic agent in this context. On the other hand, severalmuscle changes have been described in hypothyroidism. Includingboth atrophy and hypertrophy of muscle fibres. The aim of thisexperimental study was to analyse the effects of PTU on thealcohol-induced changes in muscle fibre size and proportion,also taking into account the presence or absence of proteindeficiency. The study was performed on 64 male Wistar rats dividedinto eight groups, fed with: (1) Lieber-DeCarli control diet:(2) an isocaloric 36% ethanol-containing diet; (3) an isocaloric2% protein-containing diet: (4) an isocaloric 36% ethanol 2%protein-containing diet, without and with PTU, respectively.Right gastrocnemius muscle was removed 2 months later and histochemicaland morphometric studies were performed Type lIb fibre atrophywas observed both in the alcoholic and protein-deficient animals,but not in the PTU-treated animals. The combination of proteindeficiency and ethanol led to a more marked type IIb atrophy,with PTU reversing this effect. Malnutrition led to a decreasein type I fibre diameter; ethanol and PTU caused an increasein its size and PTU reversed the effect of protein deficiency.Proportion of type IIb fibres decreased in the three experimentalgroups without PTU with respect to the control, especially inthe alcoholic protein-deficient animals. PTU-treated animals,especially those fed a low-protein diet, showed a more markedreduction in type IIb fibre proportion than that presented bythe groups without PTU. However, an increase in type I fibreproportion was observed in the PTU-treated animals, especiallymarked in those fed a low-protein diet Thus, PTU seems to ameliorateethanol-induced changes on type IIb muscle fibres.     

镉致贫血及铁、锌、铜的预防作用

本文探讨了饲镉小鸡发生贫血的性质、原因及补充铁、锌、铜的预防作用。将1日龄雄性京白鸡依体重随机分为6组:对照组、饲镉组、补铁组、补锌组、补铜组及同时补充铁,锌,铜组。实验3周后,测定血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞计数、红细胞脆性、红细胞形态、红细胞游离原卟啉、血浆铜蓝蛋白及肝脏中各元素的浓度。结果表明:1.饲镉小鸡发生了正细胞低色素性贫血,其原因与镉致红细胞变形、渗透脆性增大及机体缺铁、缺铜有关;2.补充铁或铜预防了镉致贫血,补充锌无预防作用;3.饲镉小鸡产生了生长阻滞,补充铁、锌或铜有预防作用。     

常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓关系的研究

目的 探讨常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)间的关系.方法 孕晚期测定71名孕妇母血、脐血、羊水中微量元素水平,其中IUGR组21例,对照组35例,巨大儿组15例.结果 IUGR组母血清Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cr明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);Cd,Pb,Ni水平明显高于对照组;巨大儿组母血清Fe含量亦明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);三组间Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组脐血清Se,Mn,Cd,Fe,Cu,Mg明显低于对照组;Pb,Ni明显高于对照组;三组间Zn,Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组羊水Zn,Se,Mn,Fe明显低于对照组,三组间Ca,Co无明显差别.结论 常、微量元素与胎儿发育关系密切,Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cu,Cr缺乏可致胎儿宫内发育迟缓,Cd,Pb,Ni升高可致低体重儿.     

锌对热暴露大鼠血浆与肝、肾上腺中锌、铜、铁含量的影响

目的：　测定热暴露大鼠血浆、肝、肾上腺 Ｚｎ 、 Ｃｕ 、 Ｆｅ 含量以探讨锌对热暴露动物某些微量元素的影响。方法：　４８ 只７ ～８ 周龄雄性 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠随机等分为高锌（ Ｈ Ｚ） 、中锌（ Ｍ Ｚ） 和低锌（ Ｌ Ｚ） 三组。每组大鼠再等分为两部分,一部分用于高温暴露,另一部分用于室温对照。每公斤高、中、低锌饲料锌含量测定值（ ｍ ｇ） 分别为９２ ．２ 、４５ ．６ 、２１ ．７ 。三组大鼠在室温下预饲相应饲料１４ｄ 后,将高温暴露大鼠转入高温室（ Ｔｄ Ｂ４０ ．５ ℃, Ｔｗ ｂ３０ ．８ ℃） 连续暴露３ｈ 后,即刻断头取样。用 Ａ Ａ Ｓ 火焰法测定样品中 Ｚｎ 、 Ｃｕ 、 Ｆｅ 含量。结果：　（１） 与室温对照值比,热暴露３ｈ 后,血浆 Ｚｎ 、 Ｆｅ 浓度下降, Ｃｕ 浓度升高,肝 Ｚｎ 和肾上腺 Ｃｕ 含量增加;（２） 在室温对照值之间, Ｈ Ｚ 组血浆锌浓度显著高于 Ｌ Ｚ 组;（３） 在热暴露值之间, Ｈ Ｚ 组肾上腺 Ｃｕ 含量显著或非常显著地高于 Ｍ Ｚ 组与 Ｌ Ｚ 组。结论：　（１） 补锌主要影响热应激大鼠体内微量元素 Ｚｎ与 Ｃｕ 的代谢或分布,而对 Ｆｅ 的影响较小;（２） 高锌（９２ ．２ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 饲料） 摄入可使热应激大鼠血浆 Ｚｎ 浓度升高、肾上腺     

锰对新生鼠肝组织微量元素的影响

目的研究大鼠染锰后对其子代新生鼠肝组织内微量元素的影响。方法 :将妊娠雌性大鼠随机分为 4组 ,腹腔注射氯化锰 ,剂量分别为 0、7.5、1 5和 30 mg/kg,待其自然分娩后采用原子吸收光谱法测定子代新生鼠肝组织内微量元素锰、铜、锌和铁含量。结果 :与对照组相比 ,实验各组肝组织内锰含量明显增高 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;锌含量则低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 ) ;实验各组铜含量与对照组间差异无显著性 ( P>0 .0 5) ;1 5mg/kg和 30 mg/kg组铁含量高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :大鼠孕期染锰 ,使其新生鼠肝组织内锰、锌、铁等微量元素的含量发生明显变化 ,影响了锰、锌、铁在体内的代谢 ,从而对其子代的生长发育可能产生不利影响     

Minerals and trace elements in a collection of wheat landraces from the Canary Islands

Phosphorous, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Se were determined in eighteen wheat landraces from Canary Islands and a commercial cultivar. The mean values obtained were: P (2370 ± 333 mg/kg); Na (102 ± 52 mg/kg); K (4363 ± 386 mg/kg); Ca (351 ± 62 mg/kg); Mg (1163 ± 155 mg/kg); Fe (40.0 ± 5.5 mg/kg); Cu (2.68 ± 0.93 mg/kg); Zn (32.1 ± 2.9 mg/kg); Mn (22.1 ± 3.5 mg/kg); Se (67.7 ± 40.4 μg/kg). There were differences (P < 0.05) in the mineral and trace element between the analyzed cultivars, and between the species and subspecies of wheats. Therefore, the Triticum aestivum species had higher mean P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations, and a lower mean Se concentration, than Triticum turgidum species. The environment and agronomic practices could affect the genetic information of the seeds determining changes in the mineral and trace element composition. The wheat represents an excellent source of Mn (over 100% of recommended dietary intake, RDI), as well as P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se (20–50% of RDI). Many correlations were found between the parameters analyzed emphasizing the Cu–Mg (r = 0.691) and Cu–Mn (r = 0.619) correlations. Linear discriminant analysis allowed a good differentiation of the wheat samples according to the cultivar (89.7% of wheat samples classified correctly).     

牡荆叶茎中Zn Fe Cu Mn微量元素测定

目的:了解牡荆叶、茎中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn 4种微量元素的分布情况。方法:采用硝酸和高氯酸(体积比为4+1)分解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定牡荆叶、茎中微量元素Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn的含量。对各元素进行了加标回收试验,回收率在95.00%~103.70%之间,RSD<4.9%。结果:相关微量元素在牡荆叶、茎中均含量丰富。结论:牡荆茎、叶中Zn、Fe含量差异较大,Cu、Mn含量差异相对较小。     

锌缺乏对孕鼠及其胎鼠体内元素分布的影响

为了解锌缺乏对妊娠大鼠及胎鼠体内元素分布的影响 ,将Wistar妊娠大鼠分为缺锌组、对喂组、补锌组和对照组 ,分别喂饲缺锌 (0 7mg kg)和正常锌 (10 0mg kg)饲料 ,在妊娠第 2 1天时处死孕鼠 ,取其血液、肝、脾、肾、胎盘和胎鼠 ,用原子吸收分光光度法测定锌、铜、铁、锰、钙含量。结果表明 ,缺锌组孕鼠各组织中锌和其他元素含量均显著低于补锌组和对照组 ;而且其血液、肝、脾、肾脏中铜、铁、锰含量显著低于对喂组 ,说明锌和其他元素在肠道吸收和组织分布方面存在协同关系 ,锌缺乏所致的动物摄食量减少不是引起组织中元素含量降低的主要原因。缺锌组胎盘中铁和胎鼠中铁、钙含量则显著高于其他三组 ,反映了锌与铁元素在胎盘可能存在竞争性转运。提示锌缺乏的母体和胎儿各元素在组织中分布不一致。     

The effect of alcoholic beverages on iron and zinc metabolism in the rat

1. Male Wistar rats (approximately 200 g) were given distilled water and a semi-synthetic control diet for 6 d. On day 7, 37 kBq 65Zn were administered intramuscularly and the rats were given distilled water, beer, cider, red wine, whisky or ethanol as their only source of fluid. The wine, whisky and ethanol were diluted so that each of the beverages contained a similar ethanol concentration (approximately 30 g/l). Food and fluid intake, growth rate and whole-body 65Zn were measured regularly over 11 d, after which animals were killed and blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, liver iron stores and the Zn concentration in testes determined. 2. There were no differences in body-weight gain or food intake between groups but fluid intake for the beer group was considerably higher than that for the other groups. 3. There was a significant effect of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed on whole-body 65Zn retention. Rats given whisky had a smaller daily loss of 65Zn than those given water, beer or cider. The ethanol group also showed a lower rate of 65Zn loss compared with the water group. The observed changes in whole-body 65Zn retention could be explained by an adverse influence of ethanol on Zn absorption from the diet. 4. Blood Hb and testes Zn concentration were similar in all groups but the type of liquid consumed influenced liver Fe levels. The cider group had the lowest liver Fe values and the ethanol group the highest values. 5. It is apparent from the present study that ethanol and alcoholic beverages affect Zn and Fe metabolism, but that the effects of ethanol are moderated by other components of the alcoholic beverages.     

Dietary copper primarily affects antioxidant capacity and dietary iron mainly affects iron status in a surface response study of female rats fed varying concentrations of iron, zinc and copper.

This study was designed to examine the interactions among dietary iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) and their effects on Fe status and oxidative stress in female rats. In a three-factor central composite response surface design, rats were assigned to 15 groups and fed modified AIN-93G basal diets with varying amounts of Fe and Zn (7.0, 15.5, 45.8, 135.6, or 300 micrograms/g diet) and Cu (0.5, 1.1, 3.2, 9.2, or 20 micrograms/g diet) for 6 wk. Variations in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were mainly related to dietary Fe. Liver nonheme Fe was directly affected by dietary Fe and was slightly attenuated by interactions between Cu and Zn, and Zn and Fe. Serum ceruloplasmin activity was primarily determined by an interaction between Cu and Zn with substantial moderation by the quadratic effect of dietary Cu. Liver and heart total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Cu/Zn SOD activities were directly affected by dietary Cu. Dietary Fe was the only significant, yet weak, predictor of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and vitamin E content and serum triacylglycerols. Variability in serum Cu was mostly determined by the interaction between Cu and Fe, with modification from the quadratic effect of dietary Cu. Serum Zn varied with dietary Zn with a small negative influence from the interaction between Cu and Fe. In summary, Fe status was minimally influenced by dietary Zn or Cu, and Fe intakes 10-fold greater than required did not induce overt oxidative stress in female rats. In addition, measures of antioxidant capacity were primarily influenced by dietary Cu and were optimal at moderate intakes of this micronutrient.     

个体化饮食干预对初产妇血清及乳汁微量元素水平的影响

目的探讨个体化饮食干预对临产妇血清和产妇乳汁的微量元素水平的影响。方法选取2014年3月—2016年11月在天水市第四人民医院产检分娩的82例初产孕妇为研究对象,初次体检即确诊为缺乏一种或多种微量元素,按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各41例,两组孕妇均接受常规体检和护理,在此基础上,干预组孕妇于整个孕期接受个体化饮食干预护理。对比两组孕妇临产前血清和产后第7d乳汁中微量元素钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和镁(Mg)水平。结果入组前,两组的血清各元素的水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预组临产前血清和产后乳汁Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu水平高于对照组(P0.05),两组Mg水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组临产前血清及产后乳汁与入组时血清各元素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预组临产前血清中Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu水平均高于入组时(P0.05),临产前血清和产后乳汁Mg与入组时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),产后乳汁Ca和Zn高于入组时血清Ca和Zn(P0.05),产后乳汁Fe和Cu低于入组时血清Fe和Cu(P0.05),产前血清和产后乳汁Mg与入组时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);临产前和产后干预组的Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu缺乏改善率高于对照组(P0.05),两组的Mg缺乏改善率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论个体化饮食干预能够提高临产妇血清和产妇乳汁微量元素水平,可预防孕妇产前和产后的Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu等微量元素的缺乏,同时也可为婴儿提供含Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu等微量元素丰富的乳汁,有利于母婴健康,但有必要增加样本量作进一步研究。     

茶叶中微量元素Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn的溶出率及化合态研究

用电感耦合等离子体－光发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＯＥＳ）测定市售茶叶中Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ等微量元素的含量及各元素沸水溶出率,平均溶出率分别为Ｃｒ３９．８％、Ｃｕ４２．５％、Ｆｅ８．６％、Ｍｎ４５．５％、Ｎｉ８７．１％、Ｚｎ７１．０％。溶出率随浸泡次数增加而降低,总溶出量中８０％的Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ及６０％的Ｆｅ在第一次浸泡中溶出。另外测定了６种元素在茶水中的化学形态,其中有机态     

青少年白发与发中微量元素关系研究

目的:探讨青少年白发患者发中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca元素含量变化与青少年白发的相互关系。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度计测定337名北华在校生发中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ca的含量,用x2检验及配对t检验对数据进行统计分析。结果:白发组发中Cu元素的含量明显低于对照组的含量(P<0.05),而Zn元素的含量明显高于对照组的含量(P<0.05),两组发中Fe、Mn、Ca元素的含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:青少年白发与发中Cu、Zn含量的变化密切相关。     

The addition of high manganese to a copper-deficient diet further depresses copper status and growth of cattle

A study was conducted evaluating the effect of long-term Cu deficiency, with or without high Mn, on growth, gene expression and Cu status of beef cattle. Twenty-one Angus calves were born to cows receiving one of the following treatments: (1) 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM (+Cu); (2) no supplemental Cu and 2 mg Mo/kg DM ( - Cu); (3) - Cu diet plus 500 mg supplemental Mn/kg DM ( - Cu+Mn). Calves were weaned at approximately 183 d of age and individually fed throughout the growing and finishing phases. Plasma Cu was lower (P < 0.01) in - Cu calves compared with +Cu calves while high dietary Mn further depressed (P < 0.01) plasma Cu in - Cu+Mn calves v. - Cu calves. Liver Cu concentrations in +Cu calves were greater (P < 0.01) than in - Cu calves, with no differences between - Cu and - Cu+Mn calves. The daily body-weight gain of +Cu calves was greater (P < 0.01) than - Cu calves during the period from birth to weaning, but did not differ during the growing phase. - Cu+Mn calves gained less (P < 0.05) than - Cu calves during the growing phase. DM intake was lower (P < 0.01) in - Cu+Mn calves v. - Cu calves, and did not differ among +Cu and - Cu calves. The relative gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase in the liver was lower (P < 0.05) in - Cu calves compared with +Cu or - Cu+Mn calves. In conclusion, feeding a Cu - deficient diet in combination with high Mn negatively affected the growth and Cu status of beef cattle.