Biomarker assessment for early infarct size estimation in ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundHigh-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) represents the biomarker of choice for infarct size (IS) estimation in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, admission values of hs-cTnT are only weakly associated with IS. The aim of this study was to investigate the incremental value of different biomarkers measured on admission for IS estimation in STEMI patients.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we included 161 consecutive STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The following biomarkers were assessed on admission: hs-cTnT, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). IS was determined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 3 (Interquartile range [IQR] 2 to 4) days after the index event.ResultsPatients with large IS (>19% of left ventricular myocardium) showed significantly higher levels of admission hs-cTnT (399.6 vs. 53.4 ng/L, p < .001), NT-pro-BNP (140 vs. 86 ng/L, p = .008) and NLR (6.4 vs. 4.1, p < .001). The combination of hs-cTnT, NT-pro-BNP and NLR on admission resulted in a significantly higher area under the curve (0.78; 95% CI 0.704 to 0.838, (p = .01)) for the prediction of large IS than admission hs-cTnT alone (0.69; 95% CI 0.619 to 0.767).ConclusionsIn STEMI patients undergoing pPCI, a comprehensive biomarker approach on admission including hs-cTnT, NT-pro-BNP and NLR was significantly better for immediate infarct severity estimation as compared to hs-cTnT alone.     

Aborted myocardial infarction in intracoronary compared with standard intravenous abciximab administration in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Backgound

Abciximab reduces major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intracoronary (IC) abciximab bolus application might be more effective than a standard intravenous (IV) bolus. So far the occurrence of aborted MI, a new therapeutic target of effective treatment in STEMI, has not been evaluated in IC versus IV abciximab administration in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

Methods

To investigate the extent of aborted MI, 154 patients undergoing primary PCI were randomized to either IC (n = 77) or IV (n = 77) bolus abciximab administration with subsequent 12-hour intravenous infusion. For assessment of infarct size and extent of microvascular obstruction, all patients underwent late enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Aborted MI was defined by major (≥ 50%) ST-segment resolution and a lack of subsequent cardiac enzyme rise ≥ 2 the upper normal limit. We also assessed the occurrence of true aborted MI defined as the absence of myocardial necrosis in MRI.

Results

The incidence of aborted MI was significantly higher in the IC group (p = 0.04); true aborted MI was only observed in the IC abciximab group (p = 0.01). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, IC abciximab application was a significant independent predictor of true aborted MI (p = 0.03). Aborted MI patients had an excellent prognosis at 6-month follow-up with no MACE as compared to 24 events in patients with non-aborted MI.

Conclusions

IC bolus application of abciximab in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI results in a higher incidence of aborted MI and subsequent improved clinical outcome.     

New data on early management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

The advances in the early treatment of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction have resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. Early pharmacologic therapy with antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy coupled with rapid and complete mechanical or pharmacologic reperfusion has been shown to reduce infarct size, improve left ventricular function, and reduce morbidity and mortality. Primary angioplasty, if done by an experienced team in a timely manner, has been found to be superior to fibrinolytic therapy and superior to facilitated angioplasty. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend the goal of a door-to-balloon time of less than 90 minutes. National efforts to reduce delays and to improve access to timely therapy will significantly reduce mortality even further.     

STEMI患者早期接受β受体阻滞剂治疗的相关因素

【】目的 本研究初步探讨STEMI患者院内早期接受β受体阻滞剂(BBs)治疗的相关因素。方法 2015.6-2015.9期间于我院CCU纳入符合入选标准的STEMI患者186例。比较早期治疗组(24小时内接受BBs)与延迟治疗组(＞24小时接受BBs)临床资料;进一步采用Logistic回归分析早期治疗组的相关因素。结果1)早期治疗组148例(80%),延迟治疗组38例。2)早期治疗组患者年龄小(57.51±10.45 vs. 61.61±10.69,P=0.033)、多合并高血压病史(59.46% vs. 34.21%,P=0.005)、入院时具有较高SBP(135.63±23.99 vs. 119.32±21.40, P=0.000)、较快HR(83.53±16.55 vs. 76.87±15.53,P=0.026)、killip分级(p=0.032)、心梗部位(P=0.000)、肌酐水平(74.85±23.83 vs. 87.26±19.71,P=0.003)及eGFR(107.55±31.21 vs. 86.84±30.54,P=0.000)。3)采用二分类Logistic回归方法分析显示合并高血压病史、入院SBP、入院HR、eGFR是早期接受BBs治疗的相关因素;而下后壁心肌梗死患者不易早期接受BBs。结论 高血压病史、入院SBP、入院HR、eGFR是STEMI患者院内早期接受β受体阻滞剂治疗的相关因素。     

Limitation of myocardial infarct size and preservation of left ventricular function by early administration of APSAC in myocardial infarction

In cases of acute myocardial infarction (MI), it has been shown that preserving left ventricular function and limiting infarct size with early reperfusion of the occluded artery by means of a thrombolytic agent could eventually result in a reduced mortality rate. The aim of the APSIM study (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex [APSAC] dans l'infarctus du Myocarde) was to demonstrate that early administration of APSAC in patients with recent acute MI could limit the infarct size and preserve left ventricular systolic function. In all, 231 patients with a first acute MI were randomly allocated to either APSAC (30 U over 5 minutes) or to conventional heparin therapy (5,000 IU in bolus injection) within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms. Of these patients, 112 received APSAC and 119 received heparin within a mean period of 188 +/- 62 minutes after the onset of symptoms. The patency rate of the infarct-related artery was 77% in the APSAC group and 36% in the heparin group (p less than 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction determined from contrast angiography was significantly higher in the APSAC than in the heparin group. This was true for the entire population (0.53 +/- 0.13 vs 0.47 +/- 0.13, p = 0.002) as well as for the subgroups of anterior and inferior wall infarctions (0.47 +/- 0.13 vs 0.4 +/- 0.16, p = 0.004 and 0.56 +/- 0.11 vs 0.51 +/- 0.09, p = 0.02). At 3 weeks, the difference remained significant for patients with anterior MI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

性别对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的:评价性别对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者院内和长期预后的影响。方法:连续入选793例发病后24h内至北京市19家医院就诊的STEMI患者,中位随访5.7年,根据性别分为两组,比较两组临床特点和院内预后及长期随访情况。结果:与男性相比,女性年龄较大、既往有高血压、糖尿病、心力衰竭病史者较多,吸烟者少,入院时合并肾功能不全、Killip II级以上者比例增高,女性患者舒张压偏低,从症状发作到医院时间较长、接受急诊再灌注治疗比例较低(P<0.05)。院内死亡(10.7%vs.4.1%,P=0.001)、恶性心律失常(14.9%vs.7.9%,P=0.007)、主要心血管事件(MACE)(31.8%vs.22.1%,P=0.01)和6年全因死亡(21.6%比13.8%,P=0.03)均显著增高。多因素分析显示校正年龄后性别不是STEMI患者院内死亡(OR=1.482,95%CI:0.716~3.070,P=0.289)和6年全因死亡(RR=0.948,95%CI:0.465~1.933,P=0.883)的独立危险因素。结论:女性STEMI患者院内和长期随访病死率高与年龄大、危险因素及合并症多、再灌注治疗比例低有关,性别不是影响STEMI患者院内和长期预后的独立危险因素。     

Effects of the early administration of heparin in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty.

BACKGROUND: The effect of adjunctive heparin for primary angioplasty in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is not well established, so the authors investigated the effect of early heparin administration in the emergency room (ER) on initial patency of the infarct-related artery (IRA) and on the clinical outcome in STEMI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and twenty consecutive patients who presented with STEMI less than 12 h from pain onset and who were eligible for primary percutaneous coronary intervention were allocated to an early heparin group (heparin administered in ER) or a late heparin group (heparin administered after angiography). In the early heparin group, unfractionated heparin (60 U/kg bolus IV, then 14 U . kg(-1) . h(-1) IV infusion) or enoxaparin (1 mg/kg bolus SC) were administered 144+/-95 min before angioplasty. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the early heparin group (n=56) and the late heparin group (n=64). However, initial Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade in the IRA was significantly different between the 2 groups (frequency of TIMI 0/1/2/3; 48/4/7/41% vs 70/8/11/11%, early vs late respectively, p=0.002). TIMI 2 or 3 flow was significantly more frequent in the early heparin group than in the late heparin group (48% vs 22%, p=0.002). However, no significant differences were noted between the 2 groups in terms of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (7% vs 11%, p=0.472) and TIMI major bleeding (2% vs 3%, p=0.639). CONCLUSIONS: In STEMI patients, early heparin therapy administered in the ER improves coronary patency, despite not reaching clinical benefit.     

胰岛素抵抗对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者院内预后的影响

目的:评估胰岛素抵抗(IR)对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者院内预后的影响。方法:入选148例STEMI患者,分为胰岛素抵抗组(IR组)和非胰岛素抵抗组(NIR组),比较两组的临床特点和院内预后。结果:IR组合并高血压较NIR组多,且入院时血压也较高。IR组患者冠脉狭窄程度较NIR组严重,心功能不全发生率、住院期间脑血管意外、院内死亡率也显著增高。结论:STEMI合并IR患者冠脉病变程度严重、住院死亡及脑血管意外发生率较NIR患者显著增高,提示IR是预测STEMI患者院内预后的重要因素之一。     

Impact of early tirofiban administration on myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing infarct-related artery stenting

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The timing of GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor administration may be important in achieving early epicardial and myocardial reperfusion. We evaluated the effect of early tirofiban on myocardial salvage and cardiovascular outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing infarct-related artery stenting. METHODS: Patients (n = 66) with a first AMI presenting <6 h from onset of symptoms were randomized to either early administration of tirofiban in the emergency room (n = 32) or later administration in the catheterization laboratory (n = 34) (tirofiban bolus dose of 10 microg/kg, followed by 0.15 microg/kg for 24 h). The primary end-point was the degree of myocardial salvage, determined by means of serial scintigraphic studies with technetium-99m sestamibi. Thirty-day major adverse cardiac events were also assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patient characteristics or in their presentation. The mean door-to-balloon time was similar in both groups (43 +/- 12 and 53 +/- 9 min, p = 0.08). The early and late treatment groups received tirofiban 18 +/- 4 and 52 +/- 10 min after admission, respectively. Angiographic analysis revealed a higher initial frequency of TIMI grade 3 flow in the early group (31% vs. 12%, p = 0.04). Procedural success was achieved in all patients. Myocardial risk area were comparable between early and late treatment groups (35.6 +/- 12.2% vs. 39.3 +/- 14.0%, p = 0.6). Scintigraphic outcomes demonstrated a significant reduction in the final infarction size (11.8 +/- 5.2% vs. 22.4 +/- 6.2%, p = 0.01), and improvement in salvage index (0.68 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.18, p = 0.003) in favor of the early tirofiban group. The thirty-day composite end-point of death, recurrent MI or rehospitalization also favored the early group (6% early, 15% late, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Early tirofiban administration enhanced the degree of myocardial salvage and clinical outcome in patients with AMI undergoing infarct-related artery stenting.