正畸矫治器用于上颌骨LeFort Ⅰ、Ⅱ型骨折治疗21例

目的：运用正畸矫治器早期治疗复合外伤患者的上颌骨骨折,使上颌骨骨折片尽快复位并获得良好咬合关系。方法：对21例上颌骨骨折患者,于伤后1周内,口内运用正畸托槽和钢丝,口外运用前牵引弓和复合头帽,进行颌间和口外牵引,并进行制动和固定。结果：通过这种方法,20例患者能获得良好咬合关系,骨折片得到较好复位。结论：运用正畸矫治器治疗骨折端错位不明显,失牙少或无失牙的上颌骨骨折,能尽快开始骨折治疗,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

前方牵引对于乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙颌结构的影响

目的探讨前方牵引在乳牙期的应用以及治疗前后的牙颌结构变化。方法选择乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者8名,男5名,女3名,年龄范围4.5-5.5岁,平均年龄5.2岁,患者前牙反(牙合),上颌相对于下颌后缩,乳磨牙末端呈现近中阶梯,不存在明显的功能性下颌移位。应用前方牵引矫治前牙反(牙合),进行正畸前后头影测量分析,统计学分析采用配对t检验。结果对乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前方牵引治疗能够促进上颌骨生长、下颌骨轻度向下向后旋转、面形改善。SNA显著增大,平均增大2.0度。ANB角增大3.0度。治疗后上切牙唇倾,下切牙舌倾。结论 初步结果表明前方牵引治疗乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)十分有效,有利于Ⅲ类骨骼畸形的调整。长期疗效还需要进一步观察。     

前方牵引对于乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错he牙颌结构的影响

目的探讨前方牵引在乳牙期的应用以及治疗前后的牙颌结构变化.方法选择乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者8名,男5名,女3名,年龄范围4.5-5.5岁,平均年龄5.2岁,患者前牙反(牙合),上颌相对于下颌后缩,乳磨牙末端呈现近中阶梯,不存在明显的功能性下颌移位.应用前方牵引矫治前牙反(牙合),进行正畸前后头影测量分析,统计学分析采用配对t检验.结果对乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前方牵引治疗能够促进上颌骨生长、下颌骨轻度向下向后旋转、面形改善.SNA显著增大,平均增大2.0度.ANB角增大3.0度.治疗后上切牙唇倾,下切牙舌倾.结论初步结果表明前方牵引治疗乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)十分有效,有利于Ⅲ类骨骼畸形的调整.长期疗效还需要进一步观察.     

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目的    评价前方牵引器联合Hass快速扩弓器矫治骨性前牙反牙合的临床疗效。方法    选择2008年8月至2010年12月在丹东市玉乾口腔诊所收治的乳牙期或恒牙早期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患儿56例，应用前方牵引器联合Hass快速扩弓器矫治前牙反牙合，比较矫治前后的头影测量数据。结果    矫治后56例骨性前牙反牙合患儿上齿槽座点-鼻根点-下齿槽座点角、Wits值明显增加，上颌骨矢状向有明显的骨性生长，上颌牙槽骨也有明显增长。面中长度、下颌骨长度、下颌骨体长度以及下颌平面与鼻底平面的交角均增加（P < 0.05）。结论    前方牵引器联合Hass快速扩弓器治疗骨性前牙反牙合可以显著改善患儿的侧貌，促进上颌骨的唇向生长。     

前牵引矫治乳牙期严重骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的侧貌变化

目的 探讨上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治乳牙期严重骨性Ⅲ类错<牙合>畸形和矫治前后颌骨软组织侧貌头影测量值的变化.方法 选择乳牙期严重骨性Ⅲ类错胎畸形患儿8名,患儿呈凹面型,前牙或合并后牙反<牙合>,上颌相对下颌后缩,乳磨牙末端呈近中阶梯,不存在功能性下颌移位.上下牙列无牙周疾病,牙体疾病须治疗,之前未做过正畸治疗.应用上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治,正畸前后头影测量,采用配对t检验,统计学分析结果.结果 乳牙期严重骨性Ⅲ类错<牙合>畸形患儿经上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治6个月左右,患儿的上颌N-A增长,上颌前移,N-B缩短,下颌后旋,颌骨面角减小、软组织面角相应减小;骨组织和软组织前下面高增加,乳上切牙唇倾,乳下切牙舌倾;上唇突度增大、倾斜度减小,下唇突度减小、倾斜度减小.结论 上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治乳牙期严重骨性Ⅲ类错<牙合>畸形,凹面型显著改善且呈直面型.颌骨和软组织侧貌发生相应的改变.     

多曲方丝弓技术治疗上颌骨陈旧性骨折后开（牙合）的临床效果

目的探讨多曲方丝弓技术治疗上颌骨陈旧性骨折后开（牙合）的效果。方法应用多曲方丝弓技术对25例上颌骨陈旧性骨折因错位愈合导致的开胎患者进行正畸矫治,观察患者咬合关系的恢复情况。结果25例患者咬合关系和咀嚼功能恢复良好;SN-MP减小,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（t=4．98,P〈0．01）;上下颌（牙合）平面获得重建,下颌骨发生了逆时针旋转,开（牙合）得以解除。结论多曲方丝弓技术是治疗上颌骨陈旧性骨折后开猞的一种快速、有效的非手术治疗方法。     

弹性牵引治疗上颌骨腭骨正中骨折29例报告

目的 :探讨上颌骨腭骨正中骨折的治疗措施。方法 :对29例上颌骨腭骨正中骨折所形成的裂缝,采用橡皮圈牵引复位术+牙弓夹板颌间牵引复位术(或牵引钉颌间牵引复位术),辅以颅颌固定联合治疗。结果:术后纵向裂口逐渐缩小,骨缝基本拉拢,1月左右CT片显示骨折复位愈合情况良好,拆除全部牵引装置,3月后复查CT显示骨折全部Ⅰ期愈合、咬合关系正常。结论:橡皮圈牵引复位术+牙弓夹板颌间牵引复位术(或牵引钉颌间牵引复位术)辅以颅颌固定联合治疗上颌骨腭骨正中骨折,有利于骨折的复位愈合,能较好地恢复硬腭的形态结构,获得良好的咬合关系,恢复咬合功能。是一种价廉物美、值得推广的好方法。     

正颌外科技术在陈旧性颌骨骨折整复术中的应用

目的 :探讨应用正颌外科技术治疗陈旧性颌骨骨折和恢复其正常咬合关系的方法。方法 :对 10例陈旧性颌骨骨折伴有牙合关系紊乱的患者 ,我们参照X -线片中提示骨折部位和畸形类型 ,对头影测量侧位片作VTO并进行模型研究 ,确定截骨部位后将模型移动或分段 ,恢复外伤前的咬合关系 ,并将此关系转移到牙合架上 ,调整牙合架 ,使用自凝塑料制作定位牙合板。术中先截开错位愈合的骨段 ,下颌骨陈旧性骨折的复位一般较为理想 ,上颌骨陈旧骨折常需配合LeFortⅠ型截骨术。结果 :9例患者术后恢复了正常的咬合关系及面型 ,1例术后配合正畸治疗也恢复了满意的效果。结论 :借助正颌外科的设计程序和手术方法 ,较容易也会很准确的将错位愈合的骨段重新复位 ,达到正常的咬合关系 ,为骨段间采用坚强内固定技术奠定了基础 ,并便于术后牵引复位     

上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错

目的评估上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]牙颌结构的变化。方法选择未做过正畸治疗的乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错患儿16例,男9例,女7例,平均年龄6.2岁,前牙反[牙合]或合并后牙反[牙合],上颌后缩,乳磨牙终末平面呈近中阶梯,不存在功能性下颌前移。应用上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治,正畸治疗前后进行头影测量分析,采用配对t检验进行统计学分析。结果经上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治6个月后,凹面型改善,上颌长度增加,上颌前移,SNA平均增大2.0°,ANB增大2.9°,W its值增大了3.6 mm,差异有统计学意义。上前牙轻度唇倾,下切牙轻度舌倾。腭平面、下颌平面、[牙合]平面改变差异无统计学意义。结论上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]疗程短,反[牙合]及凹面型明显改善。     

微型种植体支抗辅助牵引成骨重建上颌骨部分缺损的效果评估

目的：评价正畸技术自制牵引成骨装置及微型种植体支抗辅助弹力牵引重建上颌骨部分缺损的疗效。方法：选择5例上颌骨部分缺损病例,均为男性,年龄19～43岁,平均33.2岁。制作特殊的牵引装置,采用微型种植体支抗辅助支持的弹力牵引方式,进行三焦点式牵引成骨。3个月后,在两侧牵引区植入种植体,进行牙列修复。结果：骨缺损区牵引成骨后成骨良好,形成完整的牙槽嵴,可应用种植和托牙技术进行牙列修复,恢复良好的咬合关系。结论：对上颌骨部分骨缺损病例,可应用正畸技术和牵引成骨技术联合治疗,以恢复颌骨复杂的解剖结构,尤其是牙槽嵴,为牙列修复提供必备的条件。     

颌骨骨折正畸治疗与手术治疗的对比研究

目的：对比正畸治疗与手术治疗颌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法：将5年来我院收治的颌骨骨折病例依据治疗方法分为正畸治疗组和手术治疗组。正畸治疗组中上颌骨骨折病例采用上颌螺旋缩弓器治疗,其中部分患者配合前方牵引治疗,下颌骨骨折及髁突骨折病例采用全口固定矫治器配合颌间牵引治疗;手术治疗组采用钛板内固定、部分配合牙弓夹板及牵引治疗。结果：全部病例颌骨骨折均达到一期愈合,两种治疗方法均有一定的局限性。手术治疗损伤大,费用高,副作用多,咬合关系不能保证。结论：用正畸矫治器治疗颌骨骨折,能弥补手术治疗的不足,丰富了临床治疗手段,治疗后关节、肌肉及咬合功能的形态学及功能恢复方面更为协调。     

An interdisciplinary approach for improved functional and esthetic results in a periodontally compromised adult patient

In contemporary dental care, an increasing number of adult patients are seeking orthodontic treatment. In such adult patients, a combined orthodontic and other specialized therapy often offers the best option for achieving a predictable outcome to solve complex clinical problems. This case report demonstrates a combined therapy with orthodontic, periodontic, and implant-prosthodontic treatments in a 56-year six-month-old female patient with mild diastemata in the maxillary anterior region and a missing left maxillary second premolar caused by a periodontal disease with medium bone loss. The patient had improved her oral hygiene condition through periodontal treatment before orthodontic treatment. The patient was orthodontically treated with a maxillary lingual arch and a maxillary edgewise orthodontic appliance. Active orthodontic treatment was completed in 18 months, and an implant-supported prosthesis was placed with a single crown in the region of the left maxillary second premolar. The treatment outcomes, including the periodontal condition and the dental implant treatment, were stable at two years after the active orthodontic treatment. We demonstrate that combined orthodontic-periodontic-implant-prosthodontic treatment can achieve an improved masticatory function, esthetics, occlusion, and periodontal condition.     

Multidisciplinary treatment approach for crown fracture and crown-root fracture – a case report

Abstract –  The increased incidence of traumatic injuries to anterior teeth is a consequence of leisure activities, where the most common injuries are crown fractures. Treatment of the dental trauma is complex and requires a comprehensive and accurate diagnostic and treatment plan. It is also important to consider the biological, functional, esthetic and economic aspects, as well as the patient's desire. The purpose of this article is to report a case that shows the multidisciplinary approach required to successfully manage the rehabilitation of a maxillary central incisor with a complex crown fracture and a maxillary lateral incisor, that at first presented an oblique crown-root fracture, and after the orthodontic extrusion, suffered a more apical new crown-root fracture.     

改良正畸方法结合颌间牵引治疗复杂颌骨骨折

目的　探讨复杂颌骨骨折的治疗问题。方法　收集 6例上颌骨矢状骨折及 9例上下颌骨陈旧性骨折错位愈合的病例 ,采用改良正畸方法与颌间牵引相结合的治疗方法 ,观察治疗效果。结果　 6例上颌骨矢状骨折病人腭中缝裂隙关闭平均 10天 ,9例上下颌陈旧性颌骨骨折复位时间 2～ 7天 ,上下颌咬合关系基本恢复正常。结论　改良正畸方法结合颌间牵引治疗急性上颌骨矢状骨折及陈旧性颌骨骨折伴错位愈合是一个简单实用的治疗方法。     

Rehabilitation of patients with asymmetrical maxillary deformations]

Observations of 31 patients aged 16-31 years (11 men and 20 women) with asymmetrical maxillary deformations showed that medical rehabilitation of this patient population requires a comprehensive orthodontic and surgical approach. Such an approach leads to good esthetic and functional results without relapses of the deformation. A modified method of maxillary osteotomy was used, taking into consideration the clinical manifestations of asymmetrical deformation. Effective surgical treatment implies thorough planning of the volume of intervention and reliable fixation of osteotomied maxillary complex, which helps rule out secondary deformations of facial skull. Purposeful timely orthodontic treatment essentially accelerates medical rehabilitation.     

Double-archwire mechanics using temporary anchorage devices to relocate ectopically impacted maxillary canines

This case report introduces a novel double archwire mechanics concept using orthodontic mini-implants and a miniplate to relocate ectopically impacted maxillary canines in a 14-year-old female with a Class III subdivision left malocclusion. The objective of this orthodontic treatment was to salvage the maxillary lateral incisors so they could be used for conservative restorations upon completion of the orthodontic treatment and to guide the impacted maxillary canines to their correct anatomical positions. The authors report that an iatrogenic root resorption of the maxillary lateral incisors, which is caused by a direct root contact between teeth during the active relocating procedure, can be minimized by using double-archwire mechanics. The optimal overbite, overjet, and occlusal interdigitation were achieved after the orthodontic treatment. The facial balance was also improved. Active orthodontic treatment lasted 26 months, and the results remained stable for 13 months after the removal of orthodontic appliances. This report also shows that the gingival margins of the relocated maxillary canines can be established without postorthodontic periodontal procedures when effective orthodontic mechanics are utilized to retain the canines in the alveolar bone and minimize any contact of the roots with gingival tissues during active relocation of the impacted maxillary canines.     

可吸收钉板在上颌骨及全面部骨折中的应用

目的　评价可吸收钉板在上颌骨与全面部骨折中的应用。方法　选择2011年6月至2018年7月在武汉大学口腔医院口腔颌面创伤与颞下颌关节外科接受治疗的涉及上颌骨骨折的患者244例。全面部骨折的纳入标准是同时包含上颌骨骨折、颧骨颧弓眶骨骨折和下颌骨骨折。所有患者均主动要求使用可吸收钉板系统进行内固定。对其人口统计学信息、治疗情况和随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果　244例患者的上颌骨骨折部位全部使用可吸收钉板进行内固定，其中男145例，女99例；年龄6～73岁，平均35岁；上颌骨Le FortⅠ型骨折36例，Le Fort Ⅱ型骨折111例，Le Fort Ⅲ骨折型97例。涉及额骨骨折3例，鼻骨-眶-筛骨（NOE）复合体骨折42例，上颌骨矢状骨折37例，全面部骨折36例。全面部骨折患者中，颧骨颧弓眶骨、上颌骨、下颌骨同时使用可吸收钉板固定的有14例；仅颧骨颧弓眶骨、上颌骨同时使用可吸收钉板固定的有6例；仅颧骨颧弓眶骨使用可吸收钉板固定的有14例；另外2例患者的情况与上述三种分类均不符合。所有患者术前均有面部畸形，且出现咬合紊乱。复位和修复全面部骨折的方法按照“由简单到复杂”进行序列复位固定的原则。术后并发症情况：3例轻度错牙合畸形，1例颧骨部分缺损，1例眼球内陷，4例创伤瘢痕，2例眼睑下睑萎缩，2例颞肌萎缩。结论　灵活应用可吸收钉板进行上颌骨及全面部骨折复位固定具有可行性。软组织问题引起的手术后并发症，包括撕裂和不对称，难以避免。     

Conservation of root‐fractured primary teeth—report of a case

A 3.5‐year‐old girl presented to our clinic experiencing pain in her maxillary central incisors following traumatic injury during a fall. Radiographic examination revealed both primary maxillary central incisors with mid‐root and apical third horizontal root fractures, respectively. Splinting with orthodontic brackets and stainless steel wire was performed. At 2 weeks, resorption of the apical fragments in both injured teeth was observed, and after 3 months, almost complete resorption was noted on radiographs. Tooth mobility at this point was back to physiologic levels and the splint was removed. After 2.5 years, the primary maxillary incisors were replaced by permanent incisors demonstrating normal tooth color, position, and root development. Although this case illustrated the favorable prognosis of two primary teeth with root fractures and severely mobile coronal fragments by a conservative approach, more scientific evidences are needed and frequent recalls are necessary when primary root fractures are attempted to be managed with splinting.     

正畸改善上切牙个别缺失的治疗效果

目的探讨正畸关闭间隙法治疗上切牙缺失的适应症，矫治方法及临床效果。方法利用正畸关闭间隙法对９例不同数目上切牙缺失的病例进行矫治。结果９例病例治疗后均达到较理想的临床效果。结论对上切牙缺失的治疗，正畸关闭间隙法能实现最大限度的美观、功能及稳定。