经内镜移植软骨块修复颞下颌关节面缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨经关节镜移植自体耳廓软骨块修复颞下颌关节骨软骨缺损的可行性与修复机制。方法 于12只猕猴获取一定量的自体耳廓软骨块,经关节镜植入关节骨软骨缺损区;4周、12周和24周后经组织学观察、免疫组织化学染色评价修复情况。结果 术后8周,关节面缺损区基本与正常组织平齐。随着时间的推动,修复区软骨细胞数量逐渐减少,代之以成纤维细胞构成的胶原纤维;免疫组织化学染色II型胶原呈现弱阳性。结论 软骨块移植可修复颞下颌关节软骨损,但修复组织为纤维软骨样组织,随时间推移,逐渐成为纤维组织。     

组织工程技术修复颞下颌关节软骨的影响因素

组织工程技术为修复颞下颌关节软骨疾病开辟了新的途径,组织工程化软骨在修复软骨缺损研究中已显示出良好的应用前景。本文就影响组织工程技术修复颞下颌关节软骨的相关影响因素,即机械生物力学、生长因子、支架材料等的研究进展作一综述。     

外泌体在颞下颌关节软骨再生中的应用前景

颞下颌关节(TMJ)骨性关节炎是由各种原因导致的软骨细胞死亡、软骨基质降解以及软骨下骨破坏所引起.基于间充质干细胞(MSC)的细胞疗法为TMJ软骨再生带来了新的希望,MSC外泌体介导的软骨组织再生技术可以克服MSC扩增时的去分化、植入后再生效率低下以及免疫排斥反应等缺点.本综述介绍了TMJ的结构特点、软骨退化机制、MS...     

滑膜组织的成软骨功能

滑膜组织位于可动关节的关节腔的内面，覆盖除关节软骨以外的关节内结构的表面，分泌滑液，在保持关节的润滑、减少关节运动时的摩擦、营养关节软骨及排除代谢废物过程中发挥重要作用。近来发现，滑膜组织具有软骨化生能力，在关节损伤后的修复及适应性改建过程中起到重要作用。本文对此进行概述。     

颞下颌关节面骨软骨缺损自然修复过程的实验观察

目的 分析猕猴颞下颌关节功能面骨软骨全层缺损后的自然修复能力以及修复组织的性质。方法 12只猕猴24侧关节,于关节镜下在关键结节后斜面和／或髁突前斜面进行钻孔,造成直径3mm、深度5mm,同时穿透关节软骨全层和软骨下皮质骨,并深入骨髓腔的圆柱形缺损。术后4周、8周、12周和24周对修复组织进行大体形态学、组织学、免疫组织化学检查。结果 4周即出现损伤区纤维组织部分修复;随时间推移,损伤区仍为纤维组织修复;12周后缺损区基本与正常周围组织平齐,局部出现钙化组织。免疫组化染色Ⅱ型胶原染色不明显,I型胶原有不同程度的染色。理论 单纯软骨下骨钻孔术能修复关节面骨软骨的全层缺损,只是修复组织为大量的纤维组织和少量纤维软骨样组织的混合体,与正常关节骨有差别。     

髁突软骨急性损伤自然修复的实验研究

目的观察兔髁突软骨不同程度急性损伤后的修复能力、修复组织的性质及其细胞来源。方法选用成年雄性大白兔４４只，随机分成４组。第一组：单纯髁突软骨全层损伤组，将实验动物的髁突前斜面去除直径２ｍｍ的全层关节软骨；第二组：伴有软骨下骨皮质穿通的髁突软骨全层损伤组，在实验动物的髁突前斜面形成一直径２ｍｍ同时穿透关节软骨全层和软骨下骨皮质的缺损；第三组：空白手术对照组；第四组：正常对照组。结果单纯髁突软骨损伤组损伤区形成纤维组织性部分修复；伴有软骨下骨皮质穿透的髁突软骨全层损伤后，４～８周时损伤区有软骨组织形成，此后，逐渐变成致密骨组织。结论髁突软骨急性损伤后最终不能形成软骨组织修复。修复细胞来源于骨髓的未分化间充质细胞。     

下颌髁突软骨潮标的研究进展

潮标作为成熟关节软骨中钙化软骨与未钙化软骨的交界结构,在关节老龄化改变、关节软骨生长改建、退行性变、创伤修复中具有重要意义.颞下颌关节髁突软骨潮标才被人们所认识.本文就潮标的形态结构与功能、骨关节病中的潮标和髁突软骨中的潮标等研究进展作一综述.     

髁状突软骨缺损自身修复能力的实验研究

本实验研究以家兔作为实验对象，在家兔的左侧颞颌关节髁状突造成４×５ｍｍ２大小的全层软骨缺损，分别于术后２，４，８，１２和１６周处死动物，对缺损区的修复组织进行组织学和组织化学观察。结果表明：造成髁状突软骨缺损术后４至８周修复组织一度趋向透明软骨形成，但在术后８周以后开始退变，１６周时修复组织为纤维组织，纤维软骨组织或薄层无增殖能力的软骨，而不是透明软骨。由此说明：单纯髁状突软骨层切除术后其组织结构不能恢复正常。     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病2例报告

结合2例颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的临床表现,X线、CT和MRI特征,以及术中所见,分析发生于颞下颌关节的滑膜软骨瘤病的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法.2例患者术前均有关节区疼痛、肿胀,无开口受限.X线片见颞下颌关节间隙增宽,其中1例CT显示颞下窝关节面骨质破坏并硬化,MRI可见关节腔内多发小结节状影.术后未出现咬合紊乱及开口受限.颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病少见,临床表现无特异性,好发于关节上腔,钙化性游离体是其影像学特征,组织病理学常见软骨结构样小体,伴周围组织慢性炎症及纤维增生,一般需手术治疗.     

软骨细胞移植修复髁突软骨损伤的实验研究

目的 研究软骨细胞移植修复髁突软骨损伤后的效果及修复组织的性质。方法 选用成年雄性白免５３只,分成５组。第１组：细胞移植组;第２组：单纯胶原膜植入组;第３组：在实验动物有髁突前斜面形成直径２ｍｍ的全层损伤后,未植入任何物品;第４组：空白手术对照组;第５组：正常对照组。结果 细胞移植组动物的髁突软骨损伤区形成软骨组织修复。结论 异体兔髁突软骨细胞移植能够形成类似正常的关节软骨修复髁突软骨缺损。     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形