纳米羟基磷灰石对托槽粘接剂抗菌性及粘接强度的影响

目的：研究纳米羟基磷灰石及二氧化钛对托槽粘接剂的抗菌性能及粘接强度的影响。方法在纳米二氧化钛改性的托槽粘接剂（Grengloo）中加入质量分数0%、10%、20%、30%的纳米羟基磷灰石,于离体前磨牙上粘接托槽,测量拉伸粘接强度与粘接剂残留量。粘接树脂制成的圆片试样与菌悬液共培养48 h ,测定细菌活性与代谢。结果2%二氧化钛不影响粘接剂的粘接强度且可提高粘接剂的抗菌性。10％纳米羟基磷灰石使粘接剂的粘接强度明显降低。四组粘接剂残留指数差异无统计学意义。纳米羟基磷灰石无明显抗菌性。结论纳米羟基磷灰石不能明显提高Grengloo托槽粘接剂的抗菌性,随着其含量的增加粘接强度明显降低。     

2种粘接剂粘接托槽首次脱落率的临床评价

目的比较树脂类Grengloo粘接剂和玻璃离子类GC Fuji LC粘接剂粘接托槽的首次脱落率。方法固定正畸病例96例,采用自身对照法在口内左右侧随机使用Grengloo和GC粘接剂粘接托槽,记录托槽首次脱落情况。结果两种粘接剂托槽的总体首次脱落率Grengloo组高于GC组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.269,P=0.001）。组内比较：Grengloo组（χ2=76.816,P〈0.001）和GC组（χ2=48.538,P〈0.001）上颌、下颌颊面管脱落率的差异均有统计学意义,下颌均高于上颌;Grengloo组（χ2=11.045,P=0.010）、GC组（χ2=4.485,P=0.034）下颌前磨牙脱落率均高于上颌前磨牙,差异有统计学意义。组间比较：下颌颊面管脱落率GC组低于Grengloo组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.757,P=0.002）。其他组内组间比较差异均无统计学意义。结论下牙托槽的粘接脱落率较上牙高,尤其在磨牙区;GC与Grengloo粘接剂都能够满足临床粘接需要,GC粘接剂尤其适合后牙区托槽粘接。     

三种非金属托槽抗剪切强度比较

目的 比较京津釉质粘接剂粘接三种非金属托糟的抗剪切强度，评估托槽去除后牙面残留粘接剂指数（adhesive remnant indexes，ARI），为临床合理选择非金属托槽提供指导。方法 60颗人类前磨牙随机均分为三组，用京津釉质粘接剂分别粘接陶瓷托槽、有机玻璃托槽和聚碳酸酯托槽，测定并记录其抗剪切强度和托槽去除后牙面残留粘接剂指数。结果 三种托槽的抗剪切强度和ARI记分情况均不全相同（P〈0.05），组间比较发现陶瓷托槽组与另两组间差别显著（P〈0．01），而有机玻璃组与聚碳酸酯组间无显著差别（P〉0．05）。结论 在应用京津釉质粘接剂粘接托槽时，陶瓷托槽的粘接强度足可以满足正畸临床矫治要求，而有机玻璃托槽和聚碳酸酯托槽的粘接强度较低以至不能满足正畸临床矫治要求，应谨慎使用。     

两种正畸粘接系统对金属和陶瓷托槽粘接强度的影响

目的:评价传统正畸粘接系统和自酸蚀粘接系统分别对金属托槽和陶瓷托槽的粘接强度。方法:将100颗人前磨牙均分为4组:金属托槽/传统粘接系统组(1组)、金属托槽/自酸蚀粘接系统组(2组)、陶瓷托槽/传统粘接系统组(3组)、陶瓷托槽/自酸蚀粘接系统组(4组),使用Transbond XT树脂糊剂将托槽粘接在牙面上,测量各组的抗剪切粘接强度,并评价其剩余粘接剂指数,对结果进行单因素方差分析。结果:统计学分析表明金属托槽的抗剪切粘接强度高于陶瓷托槽,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1组和2组平均抗剪切粘接强度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3组和4组间的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组剩余粘接剂指数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但各组的粘接强度与剩余粘接剂指数有平行相关性(P<0.05)。结论:金属托槽的粘接强度高于陶瓷托槽;自酸蚀粘接系统与传统粘接系统都可满足正畸临床粘接托槽的需求;大部分样本的粘接失败发生在托槽/粘接剂界面或粘接剂内部破坏,表明牙釉质受损的几率较低,且粘接强度和剩余粘接剂指数之间存在统计学相关性。     

两种底板设计的国产陶瓷托槽拉伸粘接强度的研究

目的评价两种不同底板设计的国产多晶体氧化铝陶瓷托槽拉伸粘接强度是否满足临床使用的需要。方法实验组为国产沟槽底板（3条横沟）和网格底板（3×3网格）陶瓷托槽,对照组为临床常用多晶体氧化铝陶瓷托槽CrystalineIV。30颗离体下颌双尖牙随机分为3组,每组10颗,使用37%液体磷酸和京津釉质粘接剂,分别粘接上述三种托槽,在0.9%生理盐水中室温保存24h。使用WDW3050型微机控制电子万能试验机检测拉伸粘接强度。托槽脱落后记录粘接剂残留指数,陶瓷托槽的折断数目和釉质表面出现肉眼可见缺损的牙齿数目。结果国产沟槽底板陶瓷托槽的拉伸粘接强度显著低于网格底板和CrystalineIV,后两者间的差异无显著性意义。三种陶瓷托槽的主要去除部位均在粘接剂内,所有样本未出现陶瓷托槽折断和肉眼可见的釉质缺损。结论国产沟槽底板陶瓷托槽不能获得临床所需的拉伸粘接强度,网格底板的陶瓷托槽更具开发前景。     

不同正畸粘接系统在托槽再粘接中的应用评价

目的：检测使用不同正畸粘接系统再粘接托槽对其剪切粘接强度的影响,以探讨提高临床再粘接效率的方法。方法：选择60颗正畸减数的恒双尖牙,依据不同粘接系统随机分为3组：津京釉质粘接剂（A组）、TransbondXT光固化粘接系统（B组）及Transbond自酸蚀粘接系统（C组）。所有样本均先用津京釉质粘接剂粘接托槽,24h后去除托槽重新粘接新托槽,测量3组托槽再粘接的剪切强度及粘接剂残留指数（AdhesiveRemnantIndex,ARI）。结果：3组托槽再粘接剪切强度分别为（8．615±2．460）MPa、（8．807±1．801）MPa及（8．144±3．023）MPa,组间剪切强度差异无显著性;ARI评分表明：C组牙面上残留的粘接剂明显少于其他两组。结论：采用自酸蚀粘接系统再粘接托槽的剪切强度与其它两种粘接系统相当,并且去除托槽后牙面残留粘接剂较少。     

热冷循环对托槽抗剪切强度影响的研究

目的 比较冷热循环前后两种粘接剂抗剪切粘接强度，从而研究冷热循环实验对粘接剂抗剪切强度的影响。方法 90颗因正畸需要而拔除的人类前磨牙按照粘接剂（超强粘接剂和京津釉质粘合剂）和储存条件（室温蒸馏水中、37℃人工唾液中、冷热循环实验）的不同随机均分为6组，粘接金属方丝弓托槽，测定并记录抗剪切粘接强度和牙面残留粘接剂指数。结果 方差分析显示两种粘接剂粘接强度无明显差剐，但冷热循环后粘接强度均明显降低（P〈0．01）；牙面残留粘接剂指数无明显差别。结论 冷热循环实验可明显降低托槽抗剪切粘接强度，体外粘接强度研究应进行冷热循环实验。     

含纳米抗菌无机填料树脂粘接剂的合成及相关性能研究

目的 合成含纳米抗菌无机填料的新型树脂粘接剂,并探讨其粘接强度、力学性能、体外抗菌性能等。方法 制备长链烷基季铵盐修饰的纳米抗菌二氧化硅填料,并以0%、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%及10%的质量分数添加到树脂粘接剂中,生成新型纳米抗菌树脂粘接剂。以0%组作为对照组,用牙本质剪切试验来测试粘接强度;用三点弯曲试验来测试力学性能;建立人牙菌斑生物膜体外模型,通过菌落计数、乳酸代谢分析及活/死细菌染色等手段来评价新型树脂粘接剂对牙菌斑生物膜的影响。结果 加入5.0%的纳米抗菌无机填料时,树脂粘接剂的牙本质粘接强度为28.9 MPa,弯曲强度及弹性模量分别为86.6 MPa和4.2 GPa,与对照组比较,粘接强度及力学性能明显提高（P<0.05）;当抗菌无机填料含量达到2.5%时,新型抗菌树脂粘接剂对牙菌斑生物膜代谢产生明显抑制作用,显示了良好的抗菌性能（P<0.05）。结论 含一定质量分数（5.0%）新型纳米抗菌无机填料的树脂粘接剂具有较强的粘接强度、力学性能及抗菌功能,为进一步临床应用打下基础。     

含氟牙釉质粘接剂渗入酸蚀后牙面钉突长度的研究

托槽直接粘接技术中重要的一环是酸蚀牙釉质表面 ,会使牙釉质表面脱钙 ,增加患龋的危险性[1] 。近年来 ,国外正畸界推出了多种含氟粘接剂 ,期望通过其缓慢释放的氟离子的作用 ,达到预防龋齿的目的。已有研究表明 ,与传统的不含氟粘接剂相比 ,含氟粘接剂能使托槽周围的牙釉质脱钙明显减少。但有些研究认为氟化钙颗粒的形成可能会影响托槽的粘接强度[2 ] 。作者对含氟粘接剂与不含氟粘接剂剪切强度的研究表明 ,两者差异并无显著性[3 ] 。本项研究旨在通过测试该二种粘接剂渗入酸蚀后牙釉质表面形成的树脂钉突长度 ,进一步研究含氟粘接剂的粘接强度。1 材料与方法 :随机获取上海籍 12～ 14岁正畸患者的新鲜离体前磨牙 30颗 ,均分为 3组。 10颗以 3Ｍ公司ＣｏｎｃｉｓｅＴＭ牙釉质粘接剂粘接托槽 ,作为对照组 (Ｃ组 ) ;10颗以可见光固化ＦｌｕｏｒｏＢｏｎｄＴＭ封闭剂及ＣｏｎｃｉｓｅＴＭ牙釉质粘接剂粘接托槽 ,为Ａ组 ;10颗以化学固化ＦｌｕｏｒｏＢｏｎｄＴＭ 封闭剂及ＣｏｎｃｉｓｅＴＭ牙釉质粘接剂粘接托槽 ,为Ｂ组。清洁离体牙颊面 ,吹干 ,以 37%磷酸酸蚀 1/2牙颊面 6 0ｓ ,另 1/2不作酸蚀 ,分别...     

2种不同底板结构及粘结剂对托槽粘结强度的影响

目的:采用临床常用的2种化学固化型粘接剂,对网底和激光底面托槽粘接强度进行比较研究。方法:收集80颗新鲜人类前磨牙随机分为8组。A、B组选用京津釉质粘结剂,C、D组选用Unitek自凝粘接剂;A、C组采用网底托槽,B、D组采用激光底面托槽。分别测定A1、B1、C1、D1组的抗剪切强度和A2、B2、C2、D2组的抗张强度,统计每个托槽上的粘接剂残留量。结果:网底托槽的抗剪切强度略大于激光底面托槽,有统计学意义(P<0.05);2种托槽的抗张强度、2种粘接剂的粘结强度、以及粘接剂残留量积分的差别均无统计学意义。结论:2种粘接剂的粘结强度及2种托槽的粘结强度均差别不大,都能很好的满足临床粘结要求,但在使用激光底面托槽时应尽量避免使用剪切力。     

锶强化生物活性玻璃牙釉质粘合树脂的抗菌性能与机械性能测试

目的通过向正畸牙釉质粘合树脂中添加锶强化生物活性玻璃,并对其抗菌性能及机械性能进行测试,寻求合适的添加比例,为正畸临床应用提供理论依据。方法分别将质量分数为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的锶强化生物活性玻璃掺入到牙釉质粘合树脂中作为实验组,分别为1、2、3、4及5组,未掺入锶强化生物活性玻璃的牙釉质粘合树脂作为对照组,即0组。采用抑菌环法和贴膜法对以上各组进行抑菌活性测试;应用万能试验机对以上各组的剪切强度进行测试,观察并记录托槽脱落后牙面牙釉质粘合树脂残留指数(adhesive resin residual,ARI)。结果各实验组及对照组均未出现抑菌环,实验组4和5组的抗菌率达到99.9%,具有强抗细菌作用。实验各组的剪切强度与对照组相比,均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。实验各组之间比较,随掺入比例增加,剪切强度呈现降低趋势,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。实验各组剪切强度均在临床可接受的剪切强度范围内,能够满足正畸临床要求。实验各组及对照组牙面均有牙釉质粘合树脂残留,ARI计分均在2~4分之间,各组间ARI计分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论掺入4%质量分数的锶强化生物活性玻璃的正畸牙釉质粘合树脂既表现出强抗菌作用,剪切强度又能够达到正畸临床需要,并对釉质表面粘合树脂的残留量无影响。     

Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with newly developed antibacterial self-etch adhesive

Because the enamel adjacent to brackets may be affected by microorganisms, an antibacterial adhesive may be a useful choice to prevent and reduce demineralization. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the (1) shear bond strength of a self-etch and an antibacterial self-etch adhesive for orthodontic metal brackets and (2) bond failure interface of a self-etch and an antibacterial self-etch adhesive using a modified adhesive remnant index (ARI). Twenty-four defect-free premolars were randomly assigned into two groups. The teeth received the following treatments-group 1: Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer + Transbond XT; group 2: antibacterial dentin bonding system (ABF) + Transbond XT. All samples were stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Shear debonding tests were performed at a crosshead speed of five mm/min. The results in megapascals were (median, minimum, maximum) group 1: 8.53, 4.59, 12.63; group 2: 9.79, 4.01, 22.10, respectively. Mann-Whitney test revealed that the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P = .2, P > .05). Failed brackets were examined by an optical microscope at 16x magnification to determine the bond failure interface using a modified ARI. The predominant mode of failure for both groups was at the bracket-adhesive interface. ABF may have sufficient mechanical properties and also an antibacterial effect that makes it a good choice for orthodontic bonding.     

6种正畸粘结剂粘结强度的比较研究

目的 比较使用6种不同粘结剂在模拟口腔环境的体外实验中,抗剪切力的大小及托槽表面粘结接剂残余量。 方法 选择健康前磨牙60颗,随机分为6组,分别使用6种正畸托槽粘结剂：4款光固化型树脂粘结剂,1款光固化型玻璃离子粘结剂和1款化学固化牙釉质粘合树脂。6种粘结剂严格按说明操作粘结托槽,置于37 ℃的人工唾液中24 h后,用万能测力仪以1 mm/min的速度,记录托槽脱落的剪切力值,算出粘结剂的抗剪切力强度,结果用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。在10倍放大镜下观察托槽的底板上残留粘结剂量,并进行ARI评分,将结果进行Kruskall-wallis H检验。 结果 Transbond XT光固化型树脂粘结剂组,Medicept光固化型树脂粘结剂组以及西湖巴尔公司产的光固化型树脂粘结剂组和非调拌型化学固化牙釉质粘合树脂组之间粘结强度无显著性差异（P>0.05）;虽然GC光固化型玻璃离子粘结剂组和Prime-Dent光固化型树脂粘结剂组之间粘结强度亦无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但与前4组粘结剂之存在显著性差异（P<0.05）,粘结强度相对较小;ARI评分结果进行Kruskall-wallis H检验显示各组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）。 结论 6种正畸粘结剂的粘结强度存在差异,但能够满足正畸临床工作需要。     

醋酸氯己定复合介孔二氧化硅改性正畸粘接树脂的体外研究

目的探讨醋酸氯己定(chlorhexidine acetate,CHA)复合介孔二氧化硅改性正畸3M粘接树脂的抗菌性能和粘接强度。方法将不同质量分数的CHA包封于介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSNs)中(记为CHA@MSNs),用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对实验所得样品进行表征分析。将3M Z350XT流动树脂分为4组,分别添加质量分数为0%、3%、5%、6.4%的CHA@MSNs,分别为A组:3M+CHA@MSNs(0%),B组:3M+CHA@MSNs(3%),C组:3M+CHA@MSNs(5%),D组:3M+CHA@MSNs(6.4%)。以万能电子材料试验机测试改性粘接剂的抗剪切强度;10倍放大镜观察牙面粘接剂残留,并计算牙面粘接剂残留指数(adhesive remnant index,ARI)。将4组改性粘接剂分别与变异链球菌共同培养,通过分光光度计测量菌液OD540值,扫描电镜观察菌斑附着量来评价粘接剂的抗菌性能。结果傅里叶红外光谱分析表明CHA已成功负载于MSNs之上;扫描电镜下可见CHA与MSNs结合后,MSNs结构...     

Effect of applying a sustained force during bonding orthodontic brackets on the adhesive layer and on shear bond strength

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of applying a sustained seating force during bonding on the adhesive layer and on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Forty human premolars divided into two groups were included in the study. Stainless steel brackets were bonded to the premolars with Transbond XT light cure adhesive and Transbond Plus Self Etch Primer (SEP). The brackets in both groups were subjected to an initial seating force of 300 g for 3 seconds, sufficient to position the bracket. The seating force was maintained throughout the 40 seconds of light curing in group 2. SBS was tested 24 hours after bracket bonding with a shear blade using an Instron testing unit at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/minute. A Student's t-test was used to compare the bond strength of the two groups and a chi-square test to compare the frequencies of the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. The mean SBS was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.025). The bond strength was higher (mean 8.15±0.89 MPa) in group 2 compared with group 1 (mean 7.39±1.14 MPa). There was no significant difference (P=0.440) in the ARI scores between the two groups. Applying a sustained seating force during orthodontic bracket bonding improves bond strength but does not change the distribution of the ARI scores.     

固化光源对正畸托槽光敏粘结剂抗剪切强度及粘结剂残留指数影响的研究

目的：研究普通卤素灯（QTH）和发光二级管灯（LED）对正畸托槽复合树脂光敏粘结剂（3M）和树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘结剂（GC）抗剪切力的影响,为临床正畸粘结材料和固化光源的选择提供一定依据。方法：选取新鲜拔除的第一双尖牙48颗,随机分为4组,使用不同粘结材料和不同光源配合粘结标准网底方丝弓托槽,采用微机万能材料实验机对托槽的粘结强度进行检测,同时记录粘结剂残留指数（ARI）。结果：3M抗剪切力及ARI值均显著大于GC（P〈0．05）;QTH和LED对3M和GC的抗剪切力及ARI值影响差别无统计学意义。结论：2种正畸光敏粘结剂抗剪切强度均符合临床要求,托槽去除后GC对牙面破坏较小;LED灯照可以节约一半光照时间并能达到普通卤素灯的光照效果,正畸托槽粘结建议使用LED灯作为固化光源。     

Bond strength of an amorphous calcium phosphate-containing orthodontic adhesive

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing adhesive has an acceptable level of shear bond strength to be used as an orthodontic adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty extracted premolars were randomly divided into three groups for orthodontic bonding. Group 1 used a composite resin adhesive (Transbond XT), group 2 was bonded with an ACP-containing adhesive (Aegis Ortho), and group 3 used a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC). All bonded teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 40 +/- 2 hours prior to debonding. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were recorded for each specimen. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strengths for the three test groups were: group 1 (15.2 +/- 3.6 MPa), group 2 (6.6 +/- 1.5 MPa), and group 3 (8.3 +/- 2.8 MPa). A one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in bond strengths between the groups. A post hoc Tukey test showed group 1 to be significantly (P < .001) greater than groups 2 and 3. A Kruskal-Wallis test and a Mann-Whitney U-test showed groups 1 and 3 exhibited lower ARI scores than group 2, but a majority of specimens in each group had greater than 50% of the cement removed along with the bracket during debonding. CONCLUSIONS: The ACP-containing adhesive demonstrated a low, but satisfactory bond strength needed to function as an orthodontic adhesive.     

Tensile bond strengths of orthodontic bonding resins and attachments to etched enamel

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the tensile bond strengths (TBS) of several orthodontic bonding systems and orthodontic brackets to enamel surfaces exposed to different etching procedures. The TBS of four bonding systems were determined by a test method developed by Kemper and Kilian. Twelve test specimens were prepared for each procedure. The test system was modified to determine the TBS of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces by six bonding procedures and the TBS were evaluated 15 minutes and 24 hours after specimen preparation. The specimens were loaded to failure in an Instron machine operated at a crosshead speed of 0.02 inch/min. The TBS were expressed in MN.m-2. The TBS of the four bonding systems to etched enamel were not significantly different (P = 0.2528). The TBS of bonded brackets determined 24 hours after specimen preparation were not significantly different than the TBS recorded after 15 minutes except for brackets bonded with Lee Cleanse and Bond I to enamel surfaces etched with 15% H3PO4 for 30 seconds. The TBS of brackets to enamel etched with 15% H3PO4 for 30 seconds were not significantly different from the TBS to enamel surfaces etched with 5% H3PO4 for 15 seconds except for brackets bonded with Lee Cleanse and Bond II and tested 24 hours after bonding.