LPS刺激小鼠骨细胞RANKL/OPG和IL-6表达的实验研究

目的: 探讨LPS对体外培养的小鼠MLO-Y4细胞RANKL/OPG和IL-6表达的影响。方法: 以5 mg/L的LPS刺激细胞,用CCK-8法于(12、24、48 h)后检测细胞的增殖;以不同浓度(1、10、100、500、1000 μg/L)的LPS刺激细胞,分别在作用4 h和1.5 h后用RT-PCR检测细胞对RANKL/OPG和IL-6的相对表达;以100 μg/L的LPS刺激细胞,分别在作用(0.5、1、2、4、8 h)和(0.5、1、1.5、2、4 h)两种不同时间后用RT-PCR检测细胞对RANKL/OPG和IL-6的相对表达。结果: LPS对MLO-Y4细胞增殖无影响;100 μg/L的LPS能显著上调细胞对RANKL和IL-6的相对表达,与(500, 1000 μg/L)LPS的上调结果无统计学差别;除0.5 h外其余时间点LPS均上调细胞对RANKL和IL-6的相对表达,并分别在4 h和1.5 h达到峰值;所有样本LPS对细胞OPG的相对表达均无影响。结论: 一定浓度的 LPS上调了MLO-Y4 细胞对RANKL和IL-6的表达,而对OPG的表达无影响。     

LPS对人牙周膜细胞Toll样受体4及下游炎症因子表达的影响

目的：观察革兰氏阴性菌外膜成分脂多糖（LPS）对牙周膜细胞（PDLCs）Toll样受体4（TLR4）及下游炎症因子表达的影响。方法：用浓度为10μg／mL的LPS对牙周膜细胞进行刺激,Western Blot检测牙周膜细胞上TLR4受体表达,同时ELISA检测培养基上清中炎症因子TNF－α、IL－1β的含量。结果：加入LPS后,牙周膜细胞上TLR4蛋白表达增强,炎症因子TNF－α、IL－1β含量增多,且随LPS的刺激时间增加而呈上升趋势。结论：LPS促进PDLCs的TLR4表达,并导致炎症因子分泌增加,TLR4信号通路在牙周炎发病过程中具有重要作用。     

白藜芦醇减轻LPS诱导的牙周膜细胞损伤并抑制TLR4/NF-κB活化

目的:探究白藜芦醇(RES)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人牙周膜细胞(hPDLCs)损伤的保护作用.方法:体外培养并鉴定hPDLCs,将培养的hPDLCs随机分为5组:对照组、LPS(10 μg/ml)+RES(0、30、60、90tμmol/L)组,MTT法检测各组细胞增殖能力,ELISA检测各组细胞分泌TNF-α/IL-6水平,PCR和Western blot检测各组细胞TLR4/NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达.结果:分离培养的hPDLCs抗波丝蛋白表达阳性,抗角蛋白表达阴性.与对照组比,LPS处理后细胞增殖能力明显降低,细胞分泌TNF-α/IL-6水平和TLR4/NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达明显增加;30～90 μmol/L白藜芦醇预处理后,细胞增殖能力增加(P＜0.05),细胞分泌TNF-α/IL-6水平、TLR4/NF-κB mRNA以及蛋白表达则下调(P＜0.05),均呈现一定的浓度依赖性.结论:白藜芦醇可抑制TLR4/NF-κB活化并减轻LPS诱导的牙周膜细胞损伤.     

TNF-α和PGE2联合在人牙周膜成纤维细胞RANKL/OPG mRNA表达中的作用

目的:探讨不同浓度组合的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)在人牙周膜成纤维细胞(HPDLFs)的核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)及其饵受体骨保护素(OPG)mRNA表达中的作用。方法:将体外培养的人牙周膜成纤维细胞用不同浓度组合的TNF-α和PGE2处理24h,通过荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-RT-PCR)来观察人牙周膜成纤维细胞RANKL、OPG mRNA表达水平。结果:不同浓度组合对人牙周膜成纤维细胞RANKL/OPG mRNA表达有促进作用,尤以10ng/mL TNF-α 10-7mol/L PGE2组合对RANKL mRNA表达的促进作用及RANKL/OPG比值的增强作用最为明显。结论:10ng/mL TNF-α和10-7mol/L PGE2联合具有协同作用,通过促进人牙周膜成纤维细胞RNAKL/OPG表达量,可能在调节牙周炎引起的牙槽骨吸收中起到重要的作用。     

非瑟酮调节AMPK/NLRP3信号通路对LPS诱导的牙周膜干细胞炎性损伤的影响

目的:研究非瑟酮(FIS)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSC)炎性损伤的影响,并确定其潜在的分子机制。方法:CCK-8检测FIS单独或联合LPS处理hPDLSC的细胞活力。将hPDLSC分为对照组、LPS诱导(LPS)组、FIS治疗(LPS+FIS)组和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)抑制剂(LPS+FIS+CC)组。ELISA评估炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素(IL)-1β和IL-6水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平。免疫印迹检测Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved caspase-3以及NLRP3信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果:浓度40μmol/L的FIS可显著降低hPDLSC活力,20或40μmol/L FIS可明显恢复受LPS抑制的hPDLSC活力(P<0.05)。LPS刺激后hPDLSC上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量升高;细胞凋亡率升高,Bax和cleaved caspase-3的水平上调,Bcl-2水平下调;p-AMPK/AMPK和p-ACC/ACC比值和NLRP3、Caspase 1和IL-1β蛋白水平均增加(P<0.05...     

茶多酚对脂多糖诱导人牙周膜成纤维细胞凋亡及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨茶多酚对脂多糖(LPS)诱导人牙周膜成纤维细胞(HPDLFs)凋亡及肿瘤坏死因子-α-(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)分泌的影响。方法:体外培养HPDLFs,MTT法筛选茶多酚浓度梯度,再分别用LPS(1μg/ml)和LPS(1μg/m1)+茶多酚(10μg/ml、50μg/ml、100μg/ml)刺激HPDLFs,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Elisa法检测TNF一α、IL-6分泌。结果:LPS可显著诱导HPDLFs凋亡,上调TNF一α、IL-6表达。茶多酚可显著降低LPS诱导的细胞凋亡和TNF-α、IL-6表达,且呈量效依赖性。结论:茶多酚可通过有效降低LPS诱导的细胞凋亡和TNF一α、IL-6表达。     

淫羊藿苷对人牙周膜细胞增殖及内毒素作用下IL-6表达的影响

目的初步研究淫羊藿苷对人牙周膜细胞(human periodontal ligament cells,h PDLC)增殖以及在内毒素(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)作用下淫羊藿苷对h PDLC白细胞介素6(IL-6)表达的影响。方法组织块法原代培养并鉴定h PDLC,采用MTT方法检测淫羊藿苷(0、10-5、10-6、10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10mol/L)作用下h PDLC增殖的变化;利用PCR、ELISA方法检测淫羊藿苷对在LPS刺激下的人牙周膜细胞IL-6分泌的情况。结果一定浓度范围下(10-6~10-7mol/L)淫羊藿苷对h PDLC的增殖具有积极作用;在10μg/m L LPS作用下h PDLC的IL-6表达增多、活性增强,加入10-6mol/L淫羊藿苷处理后,对此加强效果有一定的抑制作用。结论在一定浓度范围作用下淫羊藿苷可促进h PDLC的增殖;同时,淫羊藿苷对LPS导致h PDLC的IL-6表达增强有一定的抑制作用。     

茶多酚对内毒素作用下人牙周膜细胞分泌和表达Toll样受体4的影响

目的:观察茶多酚(tea polyphenol,TP)对内毒素(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)作用下人牙周膜细胞(periodontal ligament cells, PDLCs)分泌和表达Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)的影响。方法:体外分离及培养PDLCs,实验组分别为LPS和不同质量浓度的TP的不同组合,对照组为仅含1% FBS的DMEM培养液。培养24 h、48 h和72 h后,通过酶联免疫吸附测定法检测TLR4的分泌量,荧光实时定量PCR法检测TLR4的表达。结果:100 mg/L LPS组PDLCs TLR4分泌量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),加入TP进行干预后实验组与对照组TLR4的分泌量和表达量无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:TP对LPS作用下PDLCs TLR4的分泌和表达有一定的抑制作用。     

17β-雌二醇对人根尖牙乳头干细胞RANKL、OPG表达影响的研究

目的:探讨17β-雌二醇对人根尖牙乳头干细胞(stem cells from apical papilla,SCAPs)核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)表达的影响。方法:通过酶消化法分离培养SCAPs,将SCAPs分别于对照组(普通培养基+10μmol/L无水乙醇)和含0.1μmol/L17β-雌二醇的培养基培养3d和7d后,实时荧光定量PCR法和蛋白质免疫印迹法分别检测RANKL、OPG mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:17β-雌二醇刺激3d和7d组,OPGmRNA和蛋白表达均较对照组升高(P<0.01),RANKL mRNA和蛋白表达均较对照组降低(P<0.01)。结论:17β-雌二醇可能通过调节RANKL/OPG系统,参与调节SCAPs成牙/骨及破牙/骨活性。     

IL-21通过Notch信号调控人牙周膜细胞RANKL表达和增殖的研究

目的:观察IL-21对人牙周膜成纤维细胞RANKL/OPG的表达以及增殖活性的影响,以及Notch信号通路在其中的作用,探讨IL-21在根尖周炎骨破坏中的作用机制。方法:使用不同浓度(0、10、50、100 μg/L)的IL-21作用于人牙周膜成纤维细胞,并选择最佳刺激浓度IL-21(50 μg/L)处理人牙周膜成纤维细胞,观察不同的时间点(0、12、24 h),通过实时定量PCR和ELISA的方法检测细胞中RANKL/OPG的表达水平。同时使用实时定量PCR和Western-blot检测IL-21对人牙周膜成纤维细胞Notch1表达水平的影响。运用Notch信号的阻断剂GSI(5 μmol/L)预处理人牙周膜成纤维细胞后,再检测IL-21对人牙周膜成纤维细胞RANKL/OPG的表达水平的影响。CCK8法测定各个实验组细胞增殖活性。结果:IL-21可显著提高人牙周膜成纤维细胞RANKL的表达水平,对OPG的表达无显著影响。IL-21显著抑制人牙周膜成纤维细胞的增殖活性。结论:IL-21通过Notch信号通路上调人牙周膜成纤维细胞的RANKL表达,抑制其增殖活性。     

复方黄芩片对人牙周膜细胞及牙周炎牙槽骨OPG/RANKL表达的影响

目的:探讨复方黄芩片对人牙周膜细胞表面以及对实验性牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨OPG/RANKL表达的影响。方法:采用酶消化组织块法培养hPDLCs,通过ELISA法测定复方黄芩片对LPS诱导下hPDLCs表面OPG/RANKL表达的影响;LPS局部注射法建立大鼠牙周炎模型,免疫组化法测定复方黄芩片对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨OPG/RANKL表达的影响。结果:0.2 mg/L复方黄芩片溶液对10 mg/L LPS诱导下的hPDLCs表面OPG表达无明显影响,而hPDLCs表面RANKL的表达显著降低(P<0.05),且实验组 hPDLCs表面OPG/RANKL的比值较空白对照组显著降低(P<0.05);复方黄芩片治疗3周后各组大鼠OPG/RANKL免疫组化染色阳性细胞计数结果显示牙周炎组大鼠牙周组织中RANKL的表达水平明显高于其他各组,治疗组OPG表达水平明显高于其他各组。结论:复方黄芩片可以上调牙周膜细胞表面OPG/RANKL的比值;按黄芩苷2.85 g/kg·d^-1的剂量给予牙周炎大鼠复方黄芩片灌胃治疗,复方黄芩片可以抑制牙周炎牙槽骨中RANKL的表达,促进OPG的表达。提示复方黄芩片有望用于牙周炎的临床治疗。     

黄芩苷对人牙周膜细胞功能活性调节的实验研究

目的：通过观察中药黄芩的有效成份黄芩苷对人牙周膜细胞（human periodontal ligament cells,hPDLCs）增殖、矿化成骨等功能活性的影响,研究黄芩对人牙周膜细胞的调节作用。方法：采用组织贴块联合胶原酶消化的方法,体外分离、培养、纯化和鉴定hPDLCs后,通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法、酶联免疫吸附、半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）等方法,检测不同浓度的黄芩苷（10、1.0、0.1、0.01mg/L）对hPDLCs增殖、矿化成骨、骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）、细胞核因子-κB受体活化因子配基（receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL）mRNA表达等方面的影响。结果：0.1mg/L的黄芩苷对于增加人牙周膜细胞的增殖活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的表达作用最强;适宜浓度的黄芩苷可以降低RANKL/OPGmRNA比值。结论：黄芩苷能促进hPDLCs的增殖和成骨作用,该作用可能与RANKL/OPG信号通路相关。     

A20对IL-17介导人牙周膜细胞RANKL表达影响

目的探究A20对IL-17调控人牙周膜细胞表面RANKL表达的影响。方法转染人牙周膜细胞(h PDLCs)A20siRNA、慢病毒,获得A20沉默/过表达h PDLCs,分为沉默组、正常组、过表达组,IL-17(50 ng/ml)刺激一定时间,ELISA,PCR,Western-blot检测RANKL表达。结果 A20沉默组的h PDLCs RANKL蛋白表达水平较正常对照组高,A20过表达组较正常对照组低,IL-17(50ng/ml)刺激下,A20沉默组较正常对照组RANKL表达水平高,过表达组较正常对照组低。结论本研究首次发现A20可能参与调控IL-17引起的h PDLCs RANKL表达。     

Effect of bisphosphonates on human gingival fibroblast production of mediators of osteoclastogenesis: RANKL,osteoprotegerin and interleukin‐6

Tipton DA, Seshul BA, Dabbous MKh. Effect of bisphosphonates on human gingival fibroblast production of mediators of osteoclastogenesis: RANKL, osteoprotegerin and interleukin‐6. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 39–47.© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is associated with bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. BPs alter osteoblast production of mediators of osteoclastogenesis, including interleukin (IL)‐6, RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a RANKL antagonist. This can inhibit bone turnover and lead to necrosis. There is little information on the contribution of gingival fibroblasts, near bone‐resorption sites, to the IL‐6/RANKL/OPG network, the effects of BPs, or fibroblast involvement in ONJ pathogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate and pamidronate on the constitutive production, or the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ or IL‐1β‐stimulated production, of IL‐6, RANKL and OPG by human gingival fibroblasts. Material and Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were derived from explants obtained from healthy individuals with noninflamed gingiva. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the activity of a mitochondrial enzyme. Fibroblasts were pre‐incubated or not with BPs (0.01 nm–1 μm ), then incubated or not with LPS or IL‐1β. The concentrations of IL‐6, OPG and RANKL were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffé’s F procedure. Results: LPS and BPs were not cytotoxic. The cells produced IL‐6, OPG and RANKL, all of which were stimulated by IL‐1β or LPS (p ≤ 0.04). BPs generally increased the production of IL‐6 and OPG (p ≤ 0.04) and decreased the production of RANKL (p ≤ 0.02). BPs generally further increased the production of LPS‐ or IL‐1β‐stimulated IL‐6 (p ≤ 0.04) and had no effect on, or further increased, the production of LPS‐ or IL‐1β‐stimulated OPG (p ≤ 0.04). BPs decreased the production of LPS‐ or IL‐1β‐stimulated RANKL (p ≤ 0.04) and decreased constitutive, LPS‐stimulated and IL‐1β‐stimulated RANKL/OPG ratios (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusion: The action of alendronate and pamidronate on human gingival fibroblasts, through altering the production of RANKL and OPG, appears to contribute to a microenvironment favoring the inhibition of bone resorption and ONJ.     

The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Cells and Ameliorates Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria and their virulence factors. Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor for clinical treatment of malignancies. Its anticancer activity is accompanied by an anti‐inflammatory effect. However, there are few reports about its anti‐inflammatory effect and underlying mechanism in periodontal disease, especially on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), which are considered a promising cell‐based therapy for treating periodontitis. Methods: hPDLCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pretreated with BTZ. mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were determined. The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of BTZ was studied. Further, experimental rat periodontitis was induced with ligature and LPS injection, and simultaneously and locally treated with BTZ (three injections/week). Four weeks after treatment, microcomputed tomography, immunohistochemical, and histopathologic analyses were performed. Results: Bortezomib administration at safe concentrations (≤1 nM) inhibited production of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS‐stimulated hPDLCs via nuclear factor (NF)‐kappa B, p38/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/activator protein‐1 pathways. Moreover, in the LPS and ligature‐induced periodontitis rat model, BTZ suppressed expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8, reduced the ratio of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand/osteoprotegerin, and prevented alveolar bone absorption. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory activity of BTZ against periodontal inflammatory response and present BTZ as a promising therapy for periodontal disease.