单侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓间横向关系的不调及正畸矫治后变化的探讨

目的 :探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓间横向关系以及正畸治疗对上颌牙弓的影响。方法 :对 84名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者的错畸形和上下颌颌间关系进行研究 ;并对 36名唇腭裂术后患者进行正畸治疗前后的牙模型进行测量分析上颌牙弓宽度的变化。结果 :(1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后 6 0 .7%的患者出现牙弓间横向关系的不协调 ,双尖牙区较易受累。 (2 )在出现牙弓间横向关系不调的患者中 ,双侧后牙反者为 6 0 %。 (3)正畸治疗后上颌牙弓的尖牙、第一、第二双尖牙间各自的宽度均有显著增加 ,第一磨牙间宽度变化不显著。上颌第一、第二双尖牙间各自宽度较尖牙间、第一磨牙间宽度增加显著。结论 :单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上颌宽度的发育受到明显的限制 ,牙弓间横向关系不协调的比率较高 ,以双尖牙区为主 ;正畸矫治扩弓的重点应在双尖牙区。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后牙弓问横向关系的不调及正畸矫治后变化的探讨

目的 探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌牙弓间横向关系以及正畸治疗对上颌牙弓的影响。方法 对84名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者的错(牙合)畸形和上下颌颌间关系进行研究;并对36名唇腭裂术后患者进行正畸治疗前后的牙(牙合)模型进行测量分析上颌牙弓宽度的变化。结果 (1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后60.7％的患者出现牙弓间横向关系的不协调,双尖牙区较易受累。(2)在出现牙弓间横向关系不调的患者中,双侧后牙反(牙合)者为60％。(3)正畸治疗后上颌牙弓的尖牙、第一、第二双尖牙间各自的宽度均有显著增加,第一磨牙间宽度变化不显著。上颌第一、第二双尖牙间各自宽度较尖牙间、第一磨牙间宽度增加显著。结论 单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上颌宽度的发育受到明显的限制,牙弓间横向关系不协调的比率较高,以双尖牙区为主;正畸矫治扩弓的重点应在双尖牙区。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者牙弓间宽度不调的矫治

目的　通过对单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者上下颌间牙弓宽度不调的研究及对患者正畸治疗的临床观察 ,总结该类患者正畸治疗的特点。方法　对 4 8例单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者进行临床检查 ,记录其上下牙弓间的宽度关系 ;根据患者错情况制定不同的治疗方案进行临床治疗。结果　 (1)单侧完全性唇腭裂术后患者中出现上下颌牙弓宽度不调的比率为 6 0 .4 % ,双侧后牙反为 33.3% ,单侧后牙反为 16 .7%。男女之间差异无显著性。 (2 )宽度不调以双尖牙区为重 ,上尖牙区是扩弓治疗的重点。 (3)磨牙区牙弓宽度的不协调常较轻微 ,一些患者甚至上颌最后磨牙区略宽 ,对 5例患者 (占 10 4 % )进行了上颌磨牙的腭向移动。结论　单侧完全性唇腭裂患者正畸治疗中上颌多需扩弓 ,且扩弓潜力较大。对于严重拥挤的患者 ,拔牙决定应在扩弓后作出。扩弓治疗应在牙槽突植骨前进行 ,扩弓后需延长保持时间     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者牙弓宽度正畸扩弓治疗后的稳定性研究

目的探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂后牙反[牙合]患者正畸扩弓矫治后牙弓宽度的稳定性。方法已经完成保持的经过四角舌弓及固定矫治器正畸治疗的手术后单侧完全性唇腭裂患者20名（男性14名，女性6名），三维测量仪对治疗前、治疗后及保持后的研究模型进行尖牙间、第一、二双尖牙、第一磨牙间宽度以及基骨和牙槽弓宽度的测量。统计方法为配对资料的方差分析，两两比较用Fishe rLSD法。结果经过四角舌弓及固定矫治器治疗后单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌各段宽度均增加，差异有统计学意义；下颌除第一双尖牙外各段宽度变化不具统计学意义。正畸治疗后上颌牙弓宽度的增加在尖牙和双尖牙区大于磨牙区。保持结束后牙弓各段宽度较治疗后均有减小，其中上颌尖牙间宽度减小1．34±0．82mm（P〈0．05）、第一双尖牙间宽度减小1．52±0．78mm（P〈0．05）达到显著水平。但是保持结束后上颌各段的牙弓宽度仍大于治疗前，差异有统计学意义。结论经过四角舌弓及固定矫治器系统治疗后，单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌牙弓各段的宽度均显著增加；保持结束后上颌牙弓各段宽度虽有复发，但是大部分矫治结果能够保持。     

唇腭裂序列治疗中的正畸治疗（附11例报告）

目的 探讨正畸治疗在唇腭裂序列治疗中的作用。方法 选择1月～24岁的11例唇腭裂患者，根据年龄相应采取Hotz矫治器或方丝弓固定矫治器配合活动上颌腭扩弓矫治器、口外力前方牵引头帽等装置进行矫治，分析患者软、硬组织头影测量指标的变化。结果 （1）唇腭裂术前正畸治疗，降低反He的发生率，明显减少对上颌骨生长发育的干扰；（2）在生长发育期间对唇腭裂术后反He患者进行系统的正畸治疗，使患者的凹面型得到改善；（3）唇腭裂正颌外科术前正畸治疗，使上下颌牙齿排列整齐，上下颌前牙去代偿，为手术创造有利的条件。结论 正畸治疗是唇腭裂序裂部分的重要组成部分。     

完全性唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨手术前后的正畸治疗

目的对植骨术前后的正畸治疗对象、适应证进行探讨。方法本组２０例唇腭裂患者分别于植骨术前０５～１年采用方丝弓、细丝弓固定矫治器或活动矫治器进行治疗，并根据患者不同情况增加上颌扩弓装置。结果经正畸治疗后，上颌牙齿排列整齐，牙齿扭转得到纠正，牙弓形态正常，裂区两侧倾斜牙齿扶正，为植骨提供了良好的间隙。２０例植骨手术均成功，伤口Ｉ期愈合，骨密度正常。结论牙槽突植骨术前后正畸治疗是唇腭裂序列治疗的重要组成部分，正畸治疗为顺利进行植骨术提供了可靠的保证，也使唇腭裂患者的牙形态及功能得到明显的改善     

牙槽突裂的裂隙特点及正畸治疗对唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨术的影响

牙槽突裂是位于唇腭裂患者上颌牙弓处的骨缺损,常发生于侧切牙与尖牙之间。由于先天性裂隙、早期手术治疗所致瘢痕挛缩及唇肌压迫等原因,患者多并发严重的上颌骨横向发育障碍。牙槽突植骨术作为唇腭裂序列治疗中的重要步骤,是修补上颌骨裂隙和矫正上颌横向发育不足的有效手段。众多临床实践及研究发现,正畸治疗的时机选择与牙槽突植骨术的成功率及预后效果密不可分,同时,牙槽突裂的裂隙特点对牙槽突植骨术产生的影响也不可忽视。本文就牙槽突裂的裂隙特点与正畸治疗时机对牙槽突植骨术成功率及预后的影响两方面进行综述,以期为唇腭裂患者临床治疗方案的选择及实验研究的设计提供一定的依据。     

个性化正畸正颌联合治疗唇腭裂继发严重错牙合畸形1例

唇腭裂是口腔颌面部最常见的先天性畸形,患者经历综合序列治疗后出现的不可避免的颌骨发育障碍仍是影响其咀嚼、面型及心理的重要问题.其常表现为面部三维方向的发育不足、上颌后缩及下颌真性前突、因上颌牙弓狭窄致牙列拥挤、咬合关系极度紊乱;与其他牙牙合面畸形相比,该病治疗难度大、术后复发率高,传统单纯牙列正畸矫治难以达到满意的效果...     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者磁力扩弓后牙弓宽度的稳定性研究

目的:研究磁力扩弓正畸治疗唇腭裂患者错牙合畸形的临床疗效和稳定性。方法:选择32例恒牙晚期单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,进行磁力扩弓和固定矫治。制取患者治疗前、后和保持2年后的数字化模型,拍摄治疗前、后及保持2年后锥形束CT。对上颌各段牙弓宽度、基骨弓宽度和牙根长度进行测量。结果:磁力扩弓后,上颌各段牙弓宽度以及上颌基骨宽度均有显著增加(P<0.05),其中第一磨牙间的牙弓宽度增加最显著(P<0.01);保持2年后牙弓宽度无明显变化(P>0.05)。扩弓后上颌第一前磨牙的颊根长度变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:磁力扩弓和固定矫治相结合,可以较好地扩大唇腭裂患者的上颌牙弓宽度,获得尖窝交错咬合关系和长期稳定性。     

上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用

目的 探讨上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿期双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用价值.方法 对50例双侧唇腭裂患儿,随机分为试验组(n＝30)与对照组(n＝20),试验组于出生10 d～1个月内进行上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器矫治,对照组均不做术前正畸.两组患儿正畸治疗前(T1)后(T2)对比上唇裂隙、上前牙槽突裂隙关闭程度,对比两组唇腭裂联合整复术后3个月鼻翼外观满意度,作出评价.结果 两组患儿T1、T2两侧上唇裂隙及牙槽突裂隙宽度差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患儿术后鼻翼外观满意度试验组87%,高于对照组60%(P＜0.05).结论 该治疗有效减少上唇及上颌骨牙槽突的裂隙宽度,改善鼻外观,达到降低手术难度,增加手术效果的目的.     

Long-term results in maxillary deficiency using intraoral devices

Cleft lip and palate patients often present maxillary retrusion and class III malocclusion after cleft repair. Maxillary distraction is a technique that can provide simultaneous skeletal advancement and expansion of soft tissue. Twelve patients with cleft maxillary deficiency due to cleft lip and palate were treated by Le Fort I osteotomy and two intraoral distraction devices that were activated after 4 days of latency period, 1mm per day on both sides. Long-term clinical and cephalometric evaluation of one and two years demonstrate stable results concerning the skeletal, dental and soft tissue relations. In this paper we discuss the advantages of distraction osteogenesis as a method for treatment of maxillary deficiency in cleft patients in terms of stability and relapse. The indications for maxillary distraction: (1) Moderate and severe retrusion that needs large advancement as in cleft lip and palate patients. (2) Forward and downward lengthening of the maxilla with no need for intermediate bone graft. (3) Growing patients. In conclusion, maxillary distraction in moderate or severe retrusion, as in cleft patients offers marked maxillary advancement with long-term stability.     

Maxillary and sella turcica morphology in newborns with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: The first aim was to examine maxillary developmental fields by analyzing bone size parameters within the maxillary bone complex in newborns with unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The second aim was to evaluate sella turcica morphology in unilateral cleft lip and unilateral cleft lip and palate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Axial and profile radiographs from 40 newborns (boy-girl, 1:1) in each group (20 unilateral cleft lip and 20 unilateral cleft lip and palate) were randomly selected among radiographs taken for optimizing treatment planning. Analysis of maxillary bone size was performed on axial radiographs and size parameters were measured. Furthermore, analysis of sella turcica morphology was performed on profile radiographs. The results were divided into groups with normal morphology and severe deviations in the morphology. RESULTS: The maxillary areas were significantly shorter and broader in unilateral cleft lip and palate than in unilateral cleft lip. A profound asymmetry in the maxillary areas was seen in unilateral cleft lip and palate, but not in unilateral cleft lip. In both cleft types, approximately half of the individuals had deviations in sella turcica morphology. The most severe deviations occurred in newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate. CONCLUSIONS: In newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate, the maxillary areas are significantly shorter, broader, and more asymmetric than in newborns with unilateral cleft lip. The present study showed that bone structures are a suitable parameter for characterizing the craniofacial developmental fields. Additionally, a high incidence of deviations in sella turcica morphology might indicate that this area is affected in individuals with clefts.     

Treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia with oligodontia and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate by maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis

Effective maxillary advance treatment is difficult to achieve without impairing velopharyngeal function in patients with severe maxillary deficiency. We describe successful orthodontic treatment using maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis (MASDO) in a patient with cleft lip and palate. A 20-year-old woman with bilateral cleft lip and palate, multiple congenitally missing teeth, reduced maxilla, concave soft-tissue profile, and skeletal Class III jaw relationship was treated with a combination of orthodontic treatment and MASDO. After treatment, the anterior maxilla was displaced forward with new bone formation induced in the distraction gap for insertion of dental implants. Maxillary hypoplasia was successfully treated while preserving the velopharyngeal function with MASDO. We suggest that MASDO is useful for patients with severe maxillary hypoplasia.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌骨扩弓稳定性的研究进展

唇腭裂患者在生长发育期,常可观察到上颌骨矢状向、横向和垂直向等三维方向的发育障碍,其牙弓形态往往表现为上牙弓狭窄等,尤以完全性唇腭裂患者为严重。上颌骨扩弓成为唇腭裂患者正畸治疗的重要步骤,扩弓方法根据不同需要进行选择。本文分别从各类扩弓方式、年龄和牙弓形态等方面,讨论其对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者扩弓稳定性的影响。     

Distraction osteogenesis in the maxilla for a patient with a repaired cleft lip and palate: a case report

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has gained wide acceptance as a viable modality for lengthening hypoplastic skeletal structures in the maxillofacial region. For patients with cleft lip and palate with skeletal maxillary deficiency, this technique has recently been applied extensively as an alternative to orthognathic surgical procedures. Decreased intraoperative morbidity and rates of postoperative midface regression along with esthetically acceptable soft tissue profile are the main advantages of this procedure against traditional osteotomies. This case report documents the use of rigid external distraction (RED) in the treatment of a 20-year-old female patient with midface deficiency secondary to cleft lip and palate repair.     

唇裂修复术对唇腭裂患者上颌骨生长发育的影响

目的:探讨唇裂修复术在单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌骨生长受限中的作用。方法:52例唇裂修复术后的单侧完全性唇腭裂恒牙列期患者,依是否已行腭裂修复分成两个实验组,通过头颅侧位头影测量片研究两组患者上颌骨生长变化规律,并与正常对照组比较。结果:唇腭裂均修复组与仅唇裂修复组具有基本相似的上颌骨生长抑制。结论:唇裂修复术是影响单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌骨生长受抑的重要因素。     

Early assessment of dental arch development in repaired unilateral cleft lip and unilateral cleft lip and palate versus controls.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dental arch relationships and dimensions, relative to an age matched noncleft sample, in Caucasian 3-year-old children with repaired unilateral cleft lip (UCL) or unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study performed in Scotland, U.K. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven children with repaired unilateral cleft lip, 16 children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate, and 78 children as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dental arch relationships and linear arch dimensions. RESULTS: Prevalence of Class III incisor relationship was 31.3% in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate compared with 9.1% in children with unilateral cleft lip. A buccal crossbite was present in 36% of children with unilateral cleft lip, compared with 75.6% of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate.Mean linear maxillary arch dimensions did not differ significantly between children with unilateral cleft lip and the controls. Except for second intermolar width, statistically significant differences existed in mean linear maxillary arch dimensions between the unilateral cleft lip and the unilateral cleft lip and palate groups; the mean linear maxillary arch dimensions were significantly greater in the control group than in the unilateral cleft lip and palate group. The mean cleft-affected anterior quadrant length appeared to be the arch dimension with the greatest power of discrimination among the three groups. There were no significant differences in mean linear mandibular arch dimensions among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior crossbite was almost three times more common in the unilateral cleft lip and palate group than in the unilateral cleft lip group. Mean linear maxillary arch dimensions differed significantly between the unilateral cleft lip and palate group and the control group. There were no significant differences in mean linear maxillary arch dimensions between unilateral cleft lip and controls or between mean linear mandibular arch dimensions for unilateral cleft lip, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and controls.     

Soft Tissue Changes in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: Anterior Maxillary Distraction versus Conventional Le-Fort I Osteotomy

The purpose of the study was to compare the soft tissue changes after maxillary advancement in patients with maxillary deficiency associated with cleft lip and palate (CLP) by two approaches—anterior maxillary distraction (AMD) and advancement LeFort I osteotomy (ALO). Twenty patients with maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate who had undergone either LeFort I osteotomy or distraction osteogenesis with maxillary advancement were included in this study. Lateral cephalogram taken at various intervals of time were used to evaluate soft tissue and hard tissue changes over time. In both groups, vertical as well as horizontal changes in pronasale was well observed. A substantial increase in nasal parameters was noted in case of AMD group in comparison to ALO. Though maxillary advancement was evident in both the groups, a significant and consistent change was observed in AMD. Significant vertical and horizontal changes were seen with respect to subnasale and labrale superius in AMD group. Soft tissue as well as hard tissue relapse was greater in ALO group than AMD group. Significant soft tissue and hard tissue changes were clearly observed in both the groups, but the treatment results were more consistent in cases treated with AMD. Hence AMD could be considered as a better treatment of choice in cases of maxillary hypoplasia associated with cleft lip and palate.     

Long-term effects of palate repair on craniofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the long-term effects of palate repair on craniofacial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. SUBJECTS: Forty-eight adults with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, 29 men and 19 women, had lip repair only (LRO group). Fifty-eight adults with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, 35 men and 23 women, had lip and palate repairs by the age of 9 (LPR group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical notes were used to record surgical treatment histories. Cephalometry was used to determine craniofacial morphology. RESULTS: In the lip and palate repair group, the depth of the bony pharynx (Ba-PMP), the maxillary length at the alveolar level (PMP-A), the effective length of the maxilla (Ar-IZ, Ar-ANS, Ar-A), the maxillary protrusion (S-N-ANS, SNA), the anteroposterior jaw relation (ANS-N-Pog, ANB), and the overjet were smaller than in the lip repair only group. There were no significant differences in the maxillary length at the basal level (PMP-IZ, PMP-ANS) and the anterior and posterior maxillary heights (N-ANS and R-PMP, respectively) in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Palate repair inhibits the forward displacement of the basal maxilla and anteroposterior development of the maxillary dentoalveolus in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Palate repair has no detrimental effects on the downward displacement of the basal maxilla or on palatal remodeling in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.