Carotenoid and tocopherol composition of human adipose tissue

Concentrations of individual carotenoids and tocopherols were determined in abdominal adipose tissue from 19 adults undergoing corrective surgery. Samples were extracted and saponified before separation and quantitation of carotenoids and tocopherols by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Total carotenoid concentration varied 40-fold between individuals, from 0.34 to 13.51 micrograms/g adipose tissue. Beta-carotene and lycopene were the predominant carotenoids, averaging 20.2 and 18.5% of total carotenoids, respectively. In 10 of 19 subjects, the lycopene concentration exceeded that of beta-carotene. Total tocopherol concentrations varied 11-fold, with alpha-tocopherol representing 80.6 +/- 8.1% of the total. Absolute concentrations of both carotenoids and tocopherols were more variable than their relative concentrations. Both beta-carotene and lycopene concentrations were highly correlated with total carotenoid content but there was no correlation between beta-carotene and lycopene or between beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol concentrations.     

Carotenoid and riboflavin content of banana cultivars from Makira,Solomon Islands

The Solomon Islands face problems of vitamin A deficiency and infectious diseases, including malaria. It is essential to identify nutrient-rich indigenous foods for preventing and alleviating these diseases. Previous work in Micronesia identified yellow/orange-fleshed carotenoid-rich banana cultivars, in particular Fe’i cultivars (characterized by upright bunches), with potential to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Although there is a great diversity of Solomon Islands bananas, little is documented about these cultivars and their nutrient content. Using an ethnographic approach, this study aimed to identify nutrient-rich cultivars and to collect information relating to production and consumption. Seven Fe’i cultivars (not previously analyzed) and three non-Fe’i cultivars were assessed for flesh color, fruit size and other attributes and analyzed for provitamin A carotenoids (β- and α-carotene), total carotenoids and riboflavin. Five Fe’i and two non-Fe’i cultivars were identified as carotenoid-rich. Of 10 cultivars analyzed the concentrations of β-carotene equivalents ranged from 45 to 7124 μg/100 g. Compared to cultivars with light-colored flesh, the yellow/orange-fleshed cultivars generally contained higher carotenoid concentrations. All Fe’i cultivars contained riboflavin, from 0.10 to 2.72 mg/100 g, some having substantial concentrations. The nutrient-rich cultivars, including Fe’i, should be promoted for their potential to contribute to vitamin A intake and overall health.     

Carotenoid and vitamin content of Karat and other Micronesian banana cultivars

We previously found high carotenoid levels in Karat and other Micronesian bananas, indicating potential importance for alleviating vitamin A deficiency and other nutritionally related health problems in the Federated States of Micronesia. Past work focused on carotenoid and mineral analyses, whereas here we investigated 16 cultivars (most not previously analysed) for a broader micronutrient profile, including seven vitamins. Karat carotenoid levels were higher than in previous analyses, confirming Karat as exceptionally carotenoid-rich. We identified an additional 10 carotenoid-rich cultivars, expanding the range having potential for alleviating vitamin A deficiency. A striking finding is the high riboflavin level in Karat, including high levels of uncharacterized flavonoids. Niacin and alpha-tocopherol are at levels that may contribute importantly to dietary intake within normal patterns of consumption. These data present a more complete basis for promoting the nutritional benefits of these banana cultivars where they are consumed in the Pacific, and potential benefits for promoting elsewhere.     

Carotenoid and vitamin content of Karat and other Micronesian banana cultivars

We previously found high carotenoid levels in Karat and other Micronesian bananas, indicating potential importance for alleviating vitamin A deficiency and other nutritionally related health problems in the Federated States of Micronesia. Past work focused on carotenoid and mineral analyses, whereas here we investigated 16 cultivars (most not previously analysed) for a broader micronutrient profile, including seven vitamins. Karat carotenoid levels were higher than in previous analyses, confirming Karat as exceptionally carotenoid-rich. We identified an additional 10 carotenoid-rich cultivars, expanding the range having potential for alleviating vitamin A deficiency. A striking finding is the high riboflavin level in Karat, including high levels of uncharacterized flavonoids. Niacin and α-tocopherol are at levels that may contribute importantly to dietary intake within normal patterns of consumption. These data present a more complete basis for promoting the nutritional benefits of these banana cultivars where they are consumed in the Pacific, and potential benefits for promoting elsewhere.     

Changes in the carbohydrate composition of legumes after soaking and cooking

Using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, researchers analyzed the sugar composition of chick-peas, kidney beans, and lentils at various points in the preparation and cooking process: after soaking, after “normal” cooking (ie, boiling), after pressure-cooking, and after cooked legumes had been held at 35°C for 5 hours. There was a considerable decrease in the amount of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and raffinose oligosaccharides in chick-peas and kidney beans after soaking and cooking. This change in carbohydrate composition was less pronounced when the cooking water was not drained before analysis, which was the method used when analyzing the lentils. Method of cooking (either boiling or pressure-cooking) did not have different effects on the sugar composition of chick-peas and lentils, but loss of oligosaccharides was slightly higher when kidney beans were boiled than when they were pressure-cooked. Loss of α-galactosides occurred in chick-peas and kidney beans that had been boiled and then held at 35°C for 5 hours. The HPLC analysis showed that manninotriose was not one of the oligosaccharides present in these legumes.     

Vitamin E content of foods: comparison of results obtained from food composition tables and HPLC analysis

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Data on vitamin E content of foods are essential for nutrition research and its application. The aim of this study was to investigate the precision of calculated vitamin E content of prepared meals. METHODS: The vitamin E content of 69 dishes of a menu cycle sampled at two occasions were calculated using 4 different food composition tables (FCT) and measured by HPLC. RESULTS: Data were complete for 50-69 dishes. The proportion of dishes with differences between FCTs < or = 20% were 17-100%. Differences between HPLC and the Souci-Fachmann-Kraut table were < or = 20% in 8/46 dishes for alpha- and in 14/46 dishes for gamma-tocopherol. Differences fell in the order of baked > raw > fried/roasted > boiled > mixed prepared foods. The 2 samplings taken 6 months apart showed considerable differences. CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial differences in calculated/measured vitamin E content of prepared foods: (i) between different FCTs; (ii) between FCTs and HPLC, and (iii) between different seasons. This can be explained by intrinsic variability (breeding, season, country of origin, ripeness, freshness) and food processing, as well as selection of FCTs and should be taken into account when interpreting data of dietary intervention studies.     

Carotenoid and retinol composition of South Asian foods commonly consumed in the UK

The main aim of this study was to provide new and reliable food composition data on carotenoids and retinol in South Asian Foods for the United Kingdom's national database. A total of 38 commonly consumed foods were analysed using HPLC and accredited methods of analyses. Palak paneer (spinach and soft Indian cheese) contained the highest levels of β-carotene (4066 μg/100 g) followed by gajjeralla (carrot based sweet, 2324 μg/100 g) and saag (mixed green leafy vegetables), which contained 1514 μg/100 g, whilst retinol was present in only a few foods, with ghee being the major source (968 μg/100 g). Meat dishes contained higher amounts of lycopene (up to 1140 μg/100 g in chicken balti) than vegetable or dhal dishes (highest in palak paneer 317 μg/100 g), because of larger quantities of tomatoes used in meat curries. A variety of ethnic vegetables (green leafy vegetables and other coloured vegetables), namely legumes/dhal, tomatoes and coriander, were identified to be the major ingredients containing carotenoids. These new data can be used in future diet and nutrition surveys, as well as to identify carotenoid-rich foods for dietary programs.     

高效液相色谱法测定头孢克肟咀嚼片的含量

目的 建立头孢克肟咀嚼片高效液相色谱法含量测定方法.方法 色谱柱为Eclipse XDB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为四丁基氢氧化胺(取10%四丁基氢氧化铵溶液10 mL,加水690 mL,摇匀,用1.5 mol·L-1磷酸调节pH至7.0)-乙腈(70:30);流速为0.8 mL·min...     

Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes

This review examines the evidence for the role of whole grain foods and legumes in the aetiology and management of diabetes. MedLine and SilverPlatter ('Nutrition' and 'Food Science FSTA') databases were searched to identify epidemiological and experimental studies relating to the effects of whole grain foods and legumes on indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. Epidemiological studies strongly support the suggestion that high intakes of whole grain foods protect against the development of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). People who consume approximately 3 servings per day of whole grain foods are less likely to develop T2DM than low consumers (<3 servings per week) with a risk reduction in the order of 20-30%. The role of legumes in the prevention of diabetes is less clear, possibly because of the relatively low intake of leguminous foods in the populations studied. However, legumes share several qualities with whole grains of potential benefit to glycaemic control including slow release carbohydrate and a high fibre content. A substantial increase in dietary intake of legumes as replacement food for more rapidly digested carbohydrate might therefore be expected to improve glycaemic control and thus reduce incident diabetes. This is consistent with the results of dietary intervention studies that have found improvements in glycaemic control after increasing the dietary intake of whole grain foods, legumes, vegetables and fruit. The benefit has been attributed to an increase in soluble fibre intake. However, prospective studies have found that soluble fibre intake is not associated with a lower incidence of T2DM. On the contrary, it is cereal fibre that is largely insoluble that is associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM. Despite this, the addition of wheat bran to the diets of diabetic people has not improved indicators of glycaemic control. These apparently contradictory findings might be explained by metabolic studies that have indicated improvement in glucose handling is associated with the intact structure of food. For both grains and legumes, fine grinding disrupts cell structures and renders starch more readily accessible for digestion. The extent to which the intact structure of grains and legumes or the composition of foods in terms of dietary fibre and other constituents contribute to the beneficial effect remains to be quantified. Other mechanisms to help explain improvements in glycaemic control when consuming whole grains and legumes relate to cooking, type of starch, satiety and nutrient retention. Thus, there is strong evidence to suggest that eating a variety of whole grain foods and legumes is beneficial in the prevention and management of diabetes. This is compatible with advice from around the world that recommends consumption of a wide range of carbohydrate foods from cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits both for the general population and for people with diabetes.     

Carotenoid and mineral content of Micronesian giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma) cultivars

Dietary change in Micronesia has led to serious problems of vitamin A deficiency and other nutritionally-related health problems. It is essential to identify nutrient-rich indigenous foods that may be promoted for health improvements. Giant swamp taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is important for food and culture on atoll and mountainous islands of Micronesia. There are many Cyrtosperma cultivars, but few have been analyzed for nutrient content. Samples were collected in the Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei, Chuuk and Yap) and the Republic of Palau, assessed for corm flesh color and other attributes, and analyzed for carotenoids (β- and α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene) and minerals (including iron, zinc, and calcium). Of 34 cultivars analyzed, β-carotene concentrations varied from 50 to 4486 μg/100 g. Yellow-fleshed cultivars generally contained higher carotenoid concentrations. Of the ten cultivars analyzed for mineral content (wet weight basis), substantial concentrations of zinc (5.4–46.1 mg/100 g), iron (0.3–0.8 mg/100 g) and calcium (121–305 mg/100 g) were found. All cultivars were acceptable for taste and production factors. These carotenoid- and mineral-rich cultivars should be considered for promotion in Micronesia and other areas for potential health benefits.     

HPLC法测定虫草类保健品中腺苷的含量

目的:为准确测定虫草类相关保健品中腺苷的含量,对高效液相色谱法测定腺苷进行了优化。方法:采用10%甲醇水溶液作为提取液,密塞超声30 min,以Supelco C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱分析柱,磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5)+甲醇(90+10)为流动相洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm进行测定。结果:腺苷在12.8 ng～128 ng范围内呈良好的线性,相关系数1.000,方法的回收率为99.7%～99.9%,方法精密度RSD为0.93%。结论:该方法灵敏度高、选择性好,线性关系及重现性好,适合于虫草类相关保健品中活性成分腺苷的含量分析。     

Lutein content of selected Indian vegetables and vegetable oils determined by HPLC

Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins, minerals and carotenoids. In this study, lutein and zeaxanthin content of selected vegetables and vegetable oils commonly used in the Indian diet have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data generated from this study are vital for the accurate determination of the dietary intake of lutein and development of comprehensive food tables. Among vegetables studied, the lutein level (μg/100 g edible portions) was the highest for pumpkin (10,620), chilli (1900) and brinjal (eggplant or aubergine) (1800), respectively. Lutein level varied ranging from 65 to 990 μg in other vegetables screened. Among the commercial vegetable oils analyzed, the lutein level (μg/100 g of oil) was the highest in mustard oil (772) and palm oil (11.55), whereas lutein was not detected in sunflower, olive, almond, rice bran and corn oils. Hence, it could be suggested that these vegetables and oils should be consumed as rich sources of lutein for health benefits.     

高效液相色谱法测定美白祛斑化妆品中的苯乙基间苯二酚含量

目的建立高效液相色谱仪-二极管阵列检测器法,测定美白祛斑化妆品中苯乙基间苯二酚的含量。方法样品用无水乙醇+水(1+1)超声提取后.经0.45μm滤膜过滤,用乙睛+0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行洗脱,采用ZORBAX HC-C18色谱柱进行分离。结果以保留时问和紫外吸收光谱定性,以峰面积定量。平均回收率为88.3%~94.7%,相对标准偏差为1.85%~2.98%,最低检出浓度为0.011%。结论该法灵敏度高、准确度好,前处理简便、快速,适用于测定美白祛斑化妆品中苯乙基间苯二酚组分含量。     

Soaking and cooking modify the alpha-galacto-oligosaccharide and dietary fibre content in five Mediterranean legumes

The effects of soaking and cooking on soluble sugars, alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOS) and soluble dietary fibres (SDF) and insoluble dietary fibres (IDF) were assessed in five legumes (lentil, chickpea, fenugreek, faba bean and Egyptian faba bean). In raw seeds, total α-GOS content ranged from 2500?mg/100?g (chickpea) to over 4000?mg/100?g (fenugreek). Stachyose was predominant in fenugreek, lentil and chickpea, whereas verbascose was the main α-GOS in faba bean and Egyptian faba bean. IDF represented 69–87% of the total dietary fibres in all studied legumes, while SDF content varied noticeably. During soaking, total α-GOS content decreased between 10% (lentil and faba bean) and 40% (chickpea). In fenugreek, soaking reduced IDF and increased SDF concentration, possibly due to partial IDF solubilisation from the cell wall. Cooking further decreased α-GOS and increased total dietary fibre content. The different behaviours of these five legumes during processing illustrate the high biodiversity within legume species.     

高效液相色谱法测定妇月康胶囊中阿魏酸的含量测定

目的：研究控制妇月康胶囊质量的方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定妇月康胶囊中阿魏酸的含量。结果：阿魏酸进样量在0.375-2.5μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.99996,回收率为98.6%。结论：本方法操作简便,专属性强,灵敏度高,干扰小,结果准确可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定大败毒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的:研究控制大败毒胶囊质量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定大败毒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果:盐酸小檗碱进样量在0.056~0.28μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9997,回收率为98.38%。结论:本方法操作简便,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠。     

Carotenoid and mineral content of different morphotypes of Centella asiatica L. (Gotukola)

Six morphotypes of Centella asiatica designated G(1), G(2), G(3), G(7), G(8) and G(12) were analyzed for carotenoid content, proximate components and selected dietary minerals. Potassium was found to be the major element present in C. asiatica and the content in G(1) and G(3) (6,165.0?±?125.8?mg/100?g dry weight) was significantly (P?0.05) differences in calcium content among the morphotypes were observed. The imported variety G(7) had significantly higher (P?相似文献   

Vitamin B-6 content of plasma of domestic animals determined by HPLC, enzymatic and radiometric microbiological methods

In the course of searching for a good animal model of human vitamin B-6 metabolism, it was discovered that plasma from pigs fed natural diets contained substances that interfered with the HPLC analysis of vitamin B-6. To determine the extent of such interference, plasma from several other species was examined. In addition to the HPLC method, the samples were analyzed by an apotyrosine decarboxylase method and a radiometric microbiological assay. In cats and dogs good correlation was obtained between pyridoxal phosphate concentrations determined by the HPLC and by the enzymatic method (r = 0.973). Also there was good correlation between total vitamin B-6 concentrations determined by HPLC and by radiometric microbiological assay (r = 0.998). Severe interference in the HPLC assay was encountered in plasma from pigs and herbivorous animals including goats, cattle, horses and sheep. The interference was eliminated in a pig fed a purified diet for 5 days. Average plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentrations range from 29 nM in pigs to 2443 nM in cats. This wide range indicates that there may be significant differences between species in dietary B-6 intake and/or metabolism of vitamin B-6.