Heparin and atherosclerosis: an investigative report on the treatment of atherosclerosis

Both animal and clinical evidence of the special role of long-term low-dose heparin as a preventative of atherosclerosis is presented. Some of the many beneficial effects of heparin aside from its anticoagulant capability are mentioned. Concern about hemorrhage and osteoporosis which can occur when taken in the usual anticoagulant doses does not apply to long-term administration of low-dose heparin. Taken by the intrapulmonary route using an ultrasonic nebulizer weekly or fortnightly, heparin is safe and assures patient compliance. Further clinical trials are strongly indicated.     

生活方式干预在老年高血压动脉粥样硬化患者中的应用效果

目的探讨生活方式干预在老年高血压动脉粥样硬化患者中的应用效果。方法将100例老年高血压动脉粥样硬化患者按照护理方法的不同分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上采用生活方式干预,比较2组患者的血压控制情况和动脉粥样硬化情况。结果观察组干预后的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后的颈动脉斑块面积及颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)显著小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论生活方式干预利于帮助高血压患者建立良好的生活习惯,可提高血压控制效果,降低动脉粥样硬化程度。     

Vascular protectants for the treatment of atherosclerosis

AGI1067, the monosuccinic acid ester of probucol, is a phenolic antioxidant member of a novel class of agents termed vascular protectants. It has strong antioxidant properties, equipotent to those of probucol, and anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits gene expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein1 and has been effective at preventing atherosclerosis in all tested animal models. It also improved luminal dimensions of reference segments in the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vessels in the CART1 clinical trial, which suggests a direct anti-atherosclerosis effect. Two important trials that test the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory hypothesis are ongoing with AGI1067: the Canadian Atherosclerosis and Restenosis Trial, which assesses its value for the reduction of both atherosclerosis progression in non-PCI vessels and post-PCI restenosis, and the Aggressive Reduction of Inflammation Stops Events trial, which is evaluating the effects of AGI1067 on hard cardiovascular outcomes.     

Vascular protectants for the treatment of atherosclerosis

AGI-1067, the monosuccinic acid ester of probucol, is a phenolic antioxidant member of a novel class of agents termed vascular protectants. It has strong antioxidant properties, equipotent to those of probucol, and anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits gene expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and has been effective at preventing atherosclerosis in all tested animal models. It also improved luminal dimensions of reference segments in the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vessels in the CART-1 clinical trial, which suggests a direct anti-atherosclerosis effect. Two important trials that test the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory hypothesis are ongoing with AGI-1067: the Canadian Atherosclerosis and Restenosis Trial, which assesses its value for the reduction of both atherosclerosis progression in non-PCI vessels and post-PCI restenosis, and the Aggressive Reduction of Inflammation Stops Events trial, which is evaluating the effects of AGI-1067 on hard cardiovascular outcomes.     

阿托伐他汀与辛伐他汀在颈动脉粥样硬化治疗中的比较

目的探讨阿托伐他汀与辛伐他汀在预防颈动脉粥样硬化患者发生脑梗死中的作用以及对肝功能的影响。方法将160例颈动脉粥样硬化患者随机分为两组,分别给予阿托伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗,阿托伐组给予阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg/晚,辛伐他汀组给予辛伐他汀钠片40 mg/晚,观察使用不同他汀治疗时脑梗死和肝功能异常发生率的情况。结果辛伐他汀与阿托伐他汀治疗1年中脑梗死发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.74,P<0.05),1年内肝功能异常发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.10,P<0.05)。结论辛伐他汀与阿托伐他汀比较具有较强稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的作用,减少了脑梗死的发生,而且在长期发挥治疗作用的同时,肝功能出现异常的发生率要低于阿托伐他汀。     

瑞舒伐他汀治疗高血脂症合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者的临床效果

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀对高血脂症合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者血脂水平、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法 75例高血脂症合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者随机分为研究组37例和对照组38例,分别给予瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/d和辛伐他汀20 mg/d治疗。对比2组治疗前、治疗后3和6个月时血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)变化,以及2组治疗前、治疗后6个月时颈动脉IMT和粥样硬化斑块情况。结果治疗后3和6个月,2组血清TC、TG和LDL-C较治疗前显著降低,HDL-C较治疗前显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),研究组TC和LDL-C显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。治疗后6个月,2组IMT、粥样硬化斑块积分较治疗前显著下降(P0.05或P0.01),研究组IMT下降幅度显著大于对照组(P0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀均能有效改善高血脂伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者血脂水平,瑞舒伐他汀逆转颈动脉IMT增厚效果更好。     

Restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation by dietary treatment of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis results in impaired relaxation to acetylcholine, thrombin, and the calcium ionophore A23187, all agents that require the presence of endothelium. We now report that dietary treatment of atherosclerosis in monkeys not only produces morphological improvement of the atherosclerotic lesion but restores endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation to normal. Because the intima remains thickened after regression of atherosclerosis, these studies suggest that intimal thickening which is present in both atherosclerotic vessels and after regression of atherosclerosis does not prevent the endothelium-derived relaxing factor from reaching the underlying vascular smooth muscle.     

Prevention, treatment and management of inflammation in atherosclerosis

Incidence rate of arteriosclerotic disease such as ischemic heart disease and stroke has been on the rise in Japan due to the westernized dietary habit, insufficient exercise brought about by persistent motorization and increase in mental stress caused by social downturn as well as rapid progression of aging society. In this paper, we'll outline prevention, treatment and control of arteriosclerosis from a perspective of antiinflammation.     

Aggressive treatment of atherosclerosis: the time is now

In patients with known cardiovascular disease and those at high risk for it, physicians must begin to treat atherosclerosis earlier, with combination therapy of statins, aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and beta-blockers. In those hospitalized with a cardiovascular event, a statin should be started in the hospital, regardless of lipid levels. Patients with diabetes should be treated as if they have preexisting cardiovascular disease.     

Effect of long-term treatment with sulfatide on hyperlipidemia and progression of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits

Changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins and progression of atherosclerosis with age were examined in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits with or without treatment with sulfatide. The injection of sulfatide solution caused a reduction of serum triacylglycerols for five months including the period of treatment, but afterwards, failed to lower the level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and phospholipids, and to suppress the progression of atherosclerosis. Concentrations of LDL as a major serum lipoprotein in WHHL rabbits with or without the treatment with sulfatide were found to be about 64-fold those of normal rabbits by immunological assay using anti-LDL antiserum, whereas the contents of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids in WHHL rabbit sera were found to be about 10-fold those of normal rabbits. All WHHL rabbits with or without the treatment with sulfatide contained very small amounts of HDL. Types of apoproteins of isolated LDL and VLDL fractions suggested that the former seemed to be derived from VLDL remnant, and the latter to be derived from chylomicron remnant. It was noted that all WHHL rabbit sera had a significant increased amount of lysophosphatidylcholine, and that the fatty acid composition of total serum lipids had almost no change except for slight decrease in arachidonic acid with age. Pathological examination showed that severe atherosclerotic lesions were not so different between WHHL rabbits with or without treatment with sulfatide at age over 22 months.     

前列地尔治疗老年下肢动脉硬化症的疗效及护理

目的 探讨前列地尔(凯时)治疗下肢动脉硬化症(LEASD)的疗效观察及相关护理.方法 通过36例使用前列地尔治疗下肢动脉硬化症的老年患者的治疗,根据疗效评定标准分级,比较每位患者使用前列地尔治疗前后的效果.结果 36例患者经一个疗程治疗后,临床症状都有不同程度的减轻或消失.结论 应用前列地尔治疗老年下肢动脉闭塞症疗效确切,很好的改善LEASD患者的预后情况,提高了老年患者生活质量.针对前列地尔治疗LEASD时的护理有助于提高该病患者的疗效.     

前列地尔治疗老年下肢动脉硬化症的疗效及护理

目的 探讨前列地尔(凯时)治疗下肢动脉硬化症(LEASD)的疗效观察及相关护理.方法 通过36例使用前列地尔治疗下肢动脉硬化症的老年患者的治疗,根据疗效评定标准分级,比较每位患者使用前列地尔治疗前后的效果.结果 36例患者经一个疗程治疗后,临床症状都有不同程度的减轻或消失.结论 应用前列地尔治疗老年下肢动脉闭塞症疗效确切,很好的改善LEASD患者的预后情况,提高了老年患者生活质量.针对前列地尔治疗LEASD时的护理有助于提高该病患者的疗效.