垂体瘤转化基因、p53蛋白在大肠腺瘤与大肠癌组织中的表达

目的 探讨垂体瘤转化基因(PTTG)和p53蛋白在大肠腺瘤、大肠癌及癌旁正常黏膜组织中的表达及其相关性.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测50例大肠腺瘤和42例大肠癌及癌旁正常黏膜组织中的PTTG、p53蛋白表达水平,并分析两者的相关性以及其与临床病理特征的关系.结果 PTTG在癌旁正常黏膜组织中的阳性表达率为7.14％(3/42),p53蛋白未见阳性表达;PTTG、p53蛋白在大肠腺瘤组织中的阳性表达率分别为82.00％(41/50)和90.00％(45/50),表达强度均未达到过度表达标准;PTTG、p53蛋白在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为88.10％(37/42)和95.24％( 40/42),其中部分呈过度表达,过度表达率分别为45.24％(19/42)和69.05％( 29/42).PTTG和p53蛋白在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁正常黏膜组织及大肠腺瘤组织,且癌旁正常黏膜组织低于大肠腺瘤组织,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).在大肠腺瘤组织中,PTTG与p53蛋白的阳性表达密切相关(P＜0.05),但在大肠癌组织中,两者之间的阳性表达无明显相关性(P＞ 0.05).此外,PTTG的过度表达与大肠癌淋巴结转移明显相关(P＜0.01),p53蛋白的过度表达则与大肠癌淋巴结转移无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 PTTG、p53蛋白的阳性表达在大肠腺瘤组织中密切相关,两者联合观察可以作为大肠腺瘤癌变的分子指标;PTTG、p53蛋白在大肠癌组织中呈过度表达,PTTG与淋巴结转移有关,PTTG的过度表达可以作为判断大肠癌是否有淋巴结转移的分子指标.     

细胞间黏附分子-1与肝细胞癌关系的研究

[目的]探讨细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)与肝细胞癌(HCC)的关系及其临床病理意义.[方法]收集HCC手术切除标本46例(HCC组)、癌旁组织标本33例(癌旁组),外伤性肝破裂手术切取标本5例(正常对照组),采用免疫组化SABC法染色检测各组ICAM-1的表达. [结果]正常对照组ICAM-1均呈阴性表达.HCC组Ⅰ-CAM-1均呈阳性表达,总阳性率为58.7％ (27/46),其中癌旁组阳性率为87.9％ (29/33) (P＜ 0.05).ICAM-1表达与患者年龄、性别、AFP是否阳性无关(P＞0.05),而与HBsAg是否阳性关系密切(P＜0.05),与HCC病理分级、有无包膜及有无癌栓关系密切(P＜0.05).[结论] ICAM-1的表达可以加促HCC的发生、发展、侵袭和转移.     

喉鳞癌组织中表皮生长因子受体、环氧合酶-2的表达及其临床意义

目的 检测喉鳞癌组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的表达,探讨其相关的临床意义.方法 收集54例喉鳞癌手术切除组织(喉鳞癌组)及癌旁非癌喉黏膜组织(癌旁对照组).按组织分化程度、颈淋巴结有无转移、临床TNM分期进行分组比较EGFR和COX-2的表达.结果 EGFR在喉鳞癌组的阳性表达率为63.0％( 34/54),高于癌旁对照组的42.6％(23/54) (P＜ 0.05),COX-2在喉鳞癌组的阳性表达率为68.5％(37/54),高于癌旁对照组的35.2％(19/54) (P＜ 0.01).喉鳞癌组中EGFR和COX-2的表达量分别为0.584±0.136和0.561±0.134,而癌旁对照组分别为0.161±0.045和0.114±0.027,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).EGFR和COX-2的表达量在不同组织分化程度、颈淋巴结有无转移、不同临床TNM分期之间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01).相关性分析显示喉鳞癌组织中EGFR与COX-2的表达呈正相关(r=0.602,P＜0.01).结论 EGFR和COX-2在喉鳞癌的发生发展中起一定的作用,在肿瘤良恶性的鉴别诊断、临床分期以及判断预后等方面,具有显著的临床意义.     

NEDD9、CD44V6在人乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨NED9、CD44V6基因在乳腺非特殊性浸润性癌(NST)组织内的表达及意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学法分别检测50例乳腺NST组织、50例癌旁不典型增生组织及50例正常乳腺组织中NEDD9、CD44V6蛋白的表达,并分析其相关性及其临床病理特征.结果:NEDD9在NST及癌旁不典型增生组织中的表达率分别为76.00％及32.00％均高于正常乳腺组织,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CD44V6在乳腺NST组织及癌旁不典型增生组织中的表达率分别为82.00％及41.00％均高于正常乳腺组织,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);NEDD9及CD44V6在乳腺癌组织中的表达成正相关(r=0.346,P=0.027),且NEDD9的表达与乳腺癌的组织分型、淋巴结转移情况有关(P＜0.05).结论:NEDD9及CD44V6与乳腺癌的浸润转移密切相关,可作为判断乳腺癌预后的有效指标.     

直肠癌中磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶的表达与临床病理特征的相关性

目的 探讨磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因(PTEN)及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)在直肠癌中的表达与临床病理特征的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色MaxVisionTM法检测60例直肠癌、30例直肠腺瘤和10例正常直肠黏膜组织标本中PTEN及PI3K的表达情况,并对其表达水平与直肠癌临床病理特征之间的关系进行相关性分析.结果 直肠癌组织PTEN阳性表达率明显低于正常直肠黏膜组织和直肠腺瘤组织[43.3％( 26/60)比100.0％(10/10)和93.3％( 28/30),P＜0.05],直肠癌组织PI3K阳性表达率明显高于正常直肠黏膜组织和直肠腺瘤组织[75.0％( 45/60)比30.0％(3/10)和33.3％(10/30),P＜0.05].PTEN及PI3K在直肠癌组织中的表达水平与患者术前癌胚抗原、分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和远处转移有关(P＜0.01或＜0.05),而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤形态无明显相关性(P＞0.05).相关分析结果表明,PI3K与PTEN阳性表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.023).结论 直肠癌中PI3K高表达及PTEN低表达,与直肠癌的侵袭和转移密切相关,监测两者的表达对判定直肠癌生物学行为有一定的价值.     

Twist、p53和E-钙黏附蛋白联合检测在乳腺癌中意义

目的 观察乳腺癌中Twist、p53和E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA的表达及其相互关系.方法 选取初次就诊的30例乳腺癌患者行改良根治术的乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织及10例乳腺良性病变患者的正常乳腺组织,分别应用RT-PCR的方法检测Twist、p53和E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA的表达,与临床病理因素关系及其相互关系.结果 乳腺癌组织Twist mRNA表达与分化程度[高中分化93.33％(14/15),低分化53.33％(8/15)]、淋巴管浸润[是93.75％(15/16),否50.00％(7/14)]和TNM分期[Ⅰ～Ⅱ期46.15％(6/13),III～Ⅳ期94.12％(16/17)]有明显相关性(P＜0.05),而与年龄、肿瘤直径、外膜浸润、雌激素受体和孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05).乳腺癌组织中Twist和p53 mRNA表达较癌旁组织和正常乳腺组织明显升高[(112.36±12.53)％比(101.37±9.12)％和(98.03±9.04)％、(101.73±13.32)％比(91.43±7.43)％和(90.83±6.58)％,P＜0.01],而E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA表达较癌旁组织和正常乳腺组织明显降低[(55.43±12.49)％比(69.39±5.63)％和(72.73±7.93)％,P＜0.01],癌旁组织和正常乳腺组织比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).乳腺癌组织中Twist mRNA表达与p53 mRNA呈正相关(r=0.526,P=0.004),而与E-钙黏附蛋白mRNA表达呈负相关(r=-0.500,P=0.000).结论 Twist和p53在乳腺癌组织中呈高表达,而E-钙黏附蛋白呈低表达.Twist可能通过上调p53的表达,同时下调E-钙黏附蛋白的表达,从而促进乳腺癌的浸润、转移,并在其中起重要作用.     

pERK和MMP-9在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨pERK和MMP-9蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)中的表达及其临床意义. 方法 收集168例PTC及80例癌旁正常甲状腺组织石蜡标本,采用免疫组织化学Envision法检测pERK和MMP-9蛋白的表达情况,分析其表达与PTC临床病理指标之间的关系. 结果 pERK和MMP-9蛋白在PTC组织中的阳性表达率均明显高于癌旁正常甲状腺组织(P＜0.01).在PTC组织中,pERK的阳性表达与UICC分期、颈部淋巴结转移以及包膜浸润密切相关(P＜0.01),而与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关(P＞0.05);MMP-9的阳性表达与肿瘤大小、UICC分期、颈部淋巴结转移以及包膜浸润密切相关(P＜0.01),而与年龄、性别无关(P＞0.05).Spearman等级相关分析pERK与MMP-9在PTC组织中表达呈正相关(r=0.578,P＜0.01). 结论 pERK和MMP-9蛋白在PTC中均呈高表达,预示PTC的侵袭转移能力强和预后不良;在PTC浸润、转移等演进过程中,MMP9的作用方式可能与ERK信号途径存在一定关系.     

肝细胞生长因子激活物抑制因子-1基因在肾癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的 探讨肝细胞生长因子激活物抑制因子-1(HAI-1)基因在肾癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系.方法 应用半定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测HAI-1基因在56例肾癌组织和相应癌旁非癌肾组织及12例正常肾组织中的表达水平;采用免疫组织化学SP法测定上述组织中CD34的表达,并测定微血管密度(MVD),分析HAI-1基因的表达与肾癌临床病理特征及MVD的关系.结果 HAI-1基因在肾癌组织、癌旁非癌肾组织、正常肾组织中的阳性率分别为58.93％ (33/56)、76.79％ (43/56)和91.67％(11/12),肾癌组织中HAI-1基因阳性率显著低于癌旁非癌肾组织和正常肾组织(P＜ 0.05);HAI-1基因的表达与Fuhrman病理分级、Robson临床分期呈负相关(r＝ -0.617、-0.432,P＜0.01或＜0.05);肾癌组织有淋巴结转移者的HAI-1基因阳性率[35.29％(6/17)]显著低于无淋巴结转移者[69.23％( 27/39)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).肾癌组织中MVD显著高于癌旁非癌肾组织和正常肾组织,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肾癌组织中HAI-1基因的表达与MVD呈负相关(r＝-0.516,P＜0.01).结论 HAI-1基因表达缺失与肾癌的发生和发展、浸润和转移存在一定的关系,HAI-1基因表达缺失可作为肾癌浸润、转移和预后的一种重要分子标志.     

eIF4E和4EBPS在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 分析eIF4E和4EBPS在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测45例乳腺癌及癌旁正常组织中eIF4E和4EBPS的表达.结果 eIF4E在正常乳腺组织中的阳性表达率为22.22％,在乳腺癌组织中阳性表达率为84.44％,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).eIF4E表达与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移具有明显关系(P＜0.05).在正常乳腺组织中,4EBPS的阳性表达率约为95.60％,而在乳腺癌组织中其阳性率约为31.10％左右,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).4EBPS表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05).eIF4E与4EBPS表达呈负相关关系(r=-0.434,P＜0.05).结论 eIF4E和4EBPS在乳腺癌组织中的异常表达可能与乳腺癌的发生有关.eIF4E的异常表达可能与乳腺癌的转移有关.     

Egfl7与非小细胞肺癌上皮间质转化关系的研究

目的:研究Egfl7与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)上皮间质转化标志物E-cadherin,Vimentin的相关性,探讨Egfl7是否参与NSCLC的上皮间质转化(EMT).方法:分别采用免疫组化法和RT-PCR法检测40例NSCLC组织和20例肺癌旁正常肺组织中Egfl7,E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白和mRNA的表达情况.结果:1).NSCLC组织中的Egfl7蛋白和mRNA的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常肺组织;其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Egfl7的表达水平与肺癌的临床分期、及淋巴结转移密切相关(p＜0.05);2).E-cad-herin蛋白和mRNA在NSCLC组织中的表达明显低于癌旁正常肺组织,40例癌组织中E-cadherin的表达有转移组明显低于无转移组;3).Vimenfin蛋白和基因在NSCLC组织中的表达高于癌旁正常肺组织,40例癌组织中Vimentin的表达在转移组明显高于无转移组;4).在NSCLC组织中,Egfl7与E-cadherin表达成负相关(r=0.34,P＜0.05),而与Vimentin表达成正相关(r=0.297,P＜0.05),E-cadherin和Vimentin的表达无明显相关性(r=0.0002,P＞0.05).结论:NSCLC组织中Egfl7高表达,Egfl7可能与NSCLC的侵袭性相关;Egfl7与E-cadherin呈负相关,与Vimentin表达成正相关,Egfl7可能参与了NSCLC患者的上皮间质转化(EMT)过程,阻断Egfl7信号可能会抑制NSCLC患者的ENT.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.