两种内固定方法治疗锁骨中段骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨克氏针和钢板内固定治疗锁骨中段骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性的分析手术治疗锁骨中段骨折62例,其中25例采用克氏针内固定,37例采用钢板内固定,比较两组患者的骨折愈合、术后功能及并发症等指标的差异。结果所有病例均取得6~18个月(平均8.6±4.3月)的随访,钢板组的骨折愈合和肩关节功能恢复优良率明显高于克氏针组(P﹤0.05),两组间平均骨折愈合时间无统计学差异(P﹥0.05),钢板组并发症发生率明显低于克氏针组(P﹤0.05)。结论使用钢板内固定治疗锁骨中段骨折安全有效,优于传统克氏针技术。     

交锁髓内钉与加压钢板内固定治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折的疗效对比

目的比较交锁髓内钉与加压钢板内固定治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月期间我院收治的80例股骨干粉碎性骨折患者,按手术方式的不同分成髓内钉组和钢板组各40例。髓内钉组采取交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗,钢板组采取加压钢板内固定术治疗,比较两组的术后膝关节功能恢复情况及骨折愈合时间。结果髓内钉组患者的术后膝关节功能恢复优良率为92.50%,显著高于钢板组的72.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。髓内钉组的平均骨折愈合时间为(121.89±7.64) d,显著短于钢板组的(155.26±9.67) d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折的临床疗效优于加压钢板内固定,其在膝关节功能恢复、术后骨折愈合速度方面优势明显。     

交锁髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗股骨干骨折效果对比

目的交锁髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗股骨干骨折的效果对比。方法采用随机数字法将2015年8月—2016年12月收治的84例股骨干骨折患者分为两组。髓内钉组42例,采取交锁髓内钉固定;钢板组42例,采取钢板内固定。统计两组手术时间、术中出血量及骨折愈合时间;同时予以三个月随访,统计两组术后并发症发生率。计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ~2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果髓内钉组的手术时间、骨折愈合时间及术中出血量分别为[(78.54±6.49)min、(6.95±2.10)周、(365.49±43.06)周],均显著低于钢板组[(109.47±7.58)min、(10.57±3.54)周、(431.85±47.69)周],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的效果更确切,能缩短愈合时间、手术时间,降低手术后并发症风险。     

两种不同固定方式治疗胫骨远端关节外骨折效果对比

目的对经皮锁定加压钢板固定及交锁髓内钉固定方式治疗胫骨远端关节外骨折的临床效果进行分析与研究。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2017年1月收治的胫骨远端关节外骨折患者108例,按照治疗方法的不同分为钢板固定组与髓内钉固定组,各54例,钢板固定组予以经皮锁定加压钢板固定治疗,髓内钉固定组予以交锁髓内钉固定治疗,比较两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间及治疗效果。计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果髓内钉固定组骨折愈合时间为(18.37±1.21)周,低于钢板固定组(20.72±1.08)周,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间以及治疗优良率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论经皮锁定加压钢板固定及交锁髓内钉固定方式对于胫骨远端关节外骨折的治疗均具有较好效果,可根据实际情况、医院的手术条件以及主治医生的手术经验进行综合考虑以确定最终治疗方案。     

比较三种不同的内固定手术方法对胫骨平台后内侧骨折的生物学情况

目的 探讨克氏针、空心钉、皮下钢板内固定方法在治疗胫骨平台后内侧骨折中的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析48例胫骨平台后内侧骨折患者的临床资料.克氏针内固定治疗15例为克氏针组,空心钉内固定治疗15例为空心钉组,皮下钢板内固定治疗18例为皮下钢板组.观察三组术后膝关节骨关节炎评级、膝关节功能评分、临床疗效.结果 克氏针组和空心钉组术后膝关节骨关节炎评级优良例数明显多于皮下钢板组（13,14例比9例）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;克氏针组与空心钉组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.克氏针组和空心钉组术后膝关节功能评分优良例数明显多于皮下钢板组（13,14例比9例）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;克氏针组与空心钉组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.克氏针组和空心钉组复位不佳例数分别为1,0例,明显少于皮下钢板组的7例,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;克氏针组与空心钉组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 克氏针、空心钉固定治疗胫骨平台后内侧骨折术后膝关节骨关节炎评级、膝关节功能评分较皮下钢板内固定治疗具有优势,克氏针、空心钉内固定治疗更好地恢复了患者的膝关节生物学功能,故值得临床进一步推广,但仍需在临床中根据患者的实际情况进行具体分析,不可一概而论.     

Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端不稳定骨折的内固定治疗

目的 探讨采用克氏针张力带内固定和肩锁钩钢板内固定治疗NeerⅡ型锁骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效.方法 1999年7月～2007年3月治疗48例Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端不稳定骨折患者.采用克氏针张力带内固定方法治疗31例患者(克氏针张力带内固定组),肩锁钩钢板内固定方法治疗17例患者(肩锁钩钢板内固定组).结果 随访6～24个月,平均(13±5)个月.两组患者术后伤口无感染发生.克氏针张力带内固定组有4例克氏针向皮下退出,2例发生骨不连,其余29例骨折均顺利愈合.肩锁钩钢板内固定组无内固定松动、断裂等并发症发生,骨折均顺利愈合.采用Herscovici标准评定肩关节功能,克氏针张力带内固定组优良率80.6%,肩锁钩钢板内固定组优良率94.1%.两组并发症发生率和肩关节功能优良率比较差异均有统计学意义(P《0.05).结论 对于Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端不稳定骨折,肩锁钩钢板较克氏针张力带具有固定更可靠、更有利于肩关节功能康复、并发症发生率低等优点,但价格较昂贵不利于推广应用是其缺点.     

胫腓骨骨折3种手术方法疗效及预防感染分析

目的 观察胫腓骨骨折3种手术方法疗效及术后感染情况.方法 回顾性分析187例胫腓骨骨折患者的临床资料,其中交锁髓内钉固定冶疗93例、单臂外固定支架治疗52例、锁定钢板治疗42例,手术过程应预防感染治疗.结果 3组的优良率分别为95.7%、73.1%和85.7%,交锁髓内钉固定组要显著好于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);交锁髓内钉固定组的骨痂出现时间(37.4±4.5)d、骨折愈合时间(143.6±18.2)d和卧床时间(11.3±3.8)d,明显短于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组解剖复位分别有88、37、42例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组术后分别出现0、4、10例感染.结论 胫腓骨骨折手术方式应根据患者病情,选择合理的内固定方法,同时预防感染,交锁髓内钉临床疗效优于单臂外固定支架和锁定钢板.     

锁骨中段移位骨折切开复位钢板及克氏针内固定效

目的 讨论比较对锁骨中段骨折采用钢板及克氏针2种方法的治疗效果.方法 选取单测锁骨中段移位骨折内固定患者70例进行比较分析,其中切开复位钢板内固定40例,克氏针内固定30例,对这2种内固定手术方式的疗效以及优缺点进行比较.结果 在术后平均愈合时间方面,2组差异性不大,P＞0.05;在并发症发生率方面,钢板组显著低于克氏针组,仅为2.5%(P＜0.05);在肩关节功能恢复方面钢板组均量著优于克氏针组,P＜0.05.结论 相对于克氏针内固定,对锁骨中段移位骨折患者采用切开复位钢板固定治疗更加有效、安全,并可降低骨不愈合以及骨折畸形愈合的发生几率,有利于患者早日康复.     

交锁髓内钉内固定与微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨骨折58例临床分析

目的：探讨交锁髓内钉内固定与微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨骨折的临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析本院收治的58 例采用交锁髓内钉内固定与微创经皮钢板内固定治疗的胫骨骨折患者的临床资料,对比分析Johner-Wruhs 评价、并发症的发生、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间几项指标.结果：微创经皮钢板固定组的优良率为93.1%,与交锁髓内钉固定组的89.7% 比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05） ;手术并发症、平均手术时间、平均住院时间组间比较差异亦均无统计学意义（P〉0.05） ;而两组患者平均术中出血量、平均骨折愈合时间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：交锁髓内钉内固定与微创经皮钢板内固定治疗胫骨骨折都具有创伤小、并发症少、手术时间短、骨折愈合率高等优点,且各有其适用范围,临床中应根据骨折的具体情况灵活选择应用.     

锁骨钩钢板与克氏针张力带治疗肩锁关节脱位患者的临床疗效

目的对比锁骨钩钢板与克氏针张力带治疗肩锁关节脱位患者的临床疗效。方法选取2016年4月至2017年10月收治的70例肩锁关节脱位患者,按照单双号法分为对照组和试验组,每组35例。对照组应用克氏针张力带治疗,试验组应用锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗。对比两组临床治疗效果的差异。结果试验组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗肩锁关节脱位患者的临床效果优于克氏针张力带。     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Haemophilus ducreyi Associated with Skin Ulcers among Children,Solomon Islands

During a survey of yaws prevalence in the Solomon Islands, we collected samples from skin ulcers of 41 children. Using PCR, we identified Haemophilus ducreyi infection in 13 (32%) children. PCR-positive and PCR-negative ulcers were phenotypically indistinguishable. Emergence of H. ducreyi as a cause of nongenital ulcers may affect the World Health Organization’s yaws eradication program.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations in Pneumocystis and sulfa resistance

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a major cause of illness and death in HIV-infected persons. Sulfa drugs, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and dapsone are mainstays of PCP treatment and prophylaxis. While prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of PCP, its use has raised concerns about development of resistant organisms. The inability to culture human Pneumocystis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, in a standardized culture system prevents routine susceptibility testing and detection of drug resistance. In other microorganisms, sulfa drug resistance has resulted from specific point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene. Similar mutations have been observed in P. jirovecii. Studies have consistently demonstrated a significant association between the use of sulfa drugs for PCP prophylaxis and DHPS gene mutations. Whether these mutations confer resistance to TMP-SMX or dapsone plus trimethoprim for PCP treatment remains unclear. We review studies of DHPS mutations in P. jirovecii and summarize the evidence for resistance to sulfamethoxazole and dapsone.