微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的疗效对比

目的 比较微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术的临床效果。方法 96例肾结石患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组48例,观察组采用微通道经皮肾镜取石术,对照组采用标准通道经皮肾镜取石术,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及手术并发症发生情况等,术后3个月随访并评价结石清除率。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量均较对照组增加(P<0.05),两组患者术后住院时间、并发症发生率及结石清除率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术相比,微通道经皮肾镜取石术手术时间及术中出血量增加,但并不增加患者住院时间,术后并发症发生率也未增加,可取得与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术一样的结石清除效果,临床选择哪一种方式需根据患者实际情况综合分析。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床对比观察

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的效果及临床应用价值.方法 选择在本院治疗的肾结石患者82例作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组41例,对照组给予标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察组采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察两组的临床治疗效果.结果 观察组手术时间较对照组长,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组患者结石清除率、结石残留率、术后不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 微创经皮肾镜取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石,疗效均可靠,结石清除率高,标准通道经皮肾镜取石术手术时间短,微创经皮肾镜取石术出血量少,两种手术方法均可在临床上推广应用.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效对比分析

目的对比分析微创经皮肾镜取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床效果。方法选取我院2012年11月至2013年11月间收治的80例肾结石患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组患者各40例。对照组采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察组采用标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗,对两组患者的取石成功率、术中流血量、手术时间等进行分析对比。结果观察组手术时间短于对照组(P<0.05),但术中流血量大于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者的术后不良反应发生率、取石成功率和结石残留率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微创经皮肾镜取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石均具有良好的临床疗效,微创经皮肾镜取石术手术时间较长,但术中流血量少,在手术方式的选择上应根据实际情况决定。     

微通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术对复杂性肾结石患者结石清除率及肾功能的影响

目的 ：探讨微通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术对复杂性肾结石患者结石清除率及肾功能的影响。方法 ：收集2020年4月至2021年4月接诊的复杂性肾结石患者84例,按照随机数字表对照法分为对照组和观察组各42例。对照组行标准通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗,观察组行微通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗。比较两组患者手术情况、术后恢复情况、结石一次性清除率、术后并发症情况以及手术前后肾功能指标变化情况。结果 ：观察组术中出血量、术后下床时间及术后住院时间均低于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组手术时间稍长于对照组。两组结石一次性清除率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组（P <0.05）。两组手术前后血肌酐、尿素氮检测结果无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论 ：微通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术与标准通道经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗复杂性肾结石效果相似,均对患者肾功能无明显影响,前者手术时间虽稍长于后者,但创伤更小、术后恢复更快、并发症更少,微创优势明显。     

标准通道经皮肾镜取石术的临床效果观察

目的针对肾结石患者采用标准通道经皮肾镜取石术的方法进行治疗,并观察分析其治疗的临床效果。方法选择在本院接受治疗的112例肾结石患者,随机分成观察组与对照组,对照组采用微通道经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)的方法,观察组采用标准通道经皮肾镜取石术(SPCNL)的方法,将两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、不良反应发生率以及结石残留率与清除率。结果观察组的术中出血量与手术时间明显少于对照组的出血量与手术时间,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组患者的不良反应发生率、结石残留率与清除率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 SPCNL相比于MPCNL在手术时间与术中出血量方面具有明显的优势,但两种方法在结石清除率与不良反应方面不具有差距,患者应根据自身情况选择合适的方法。     

微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石临床疗效研究

目的探讨微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石临床治疗效果。方法将焦作市人民医院2011年1月至2012年12月收治的80例肾结石患者随机分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组给予常规手术治疗,观察组患者给予微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗。结果观察组结石一次性清除率为92．5％,对照组为80．0％,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间和下床活动时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组术后并发症发生率为7．5％,对照组为25．0％,两组比较具有明显的差异（P〈0．05）。结论微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石效果显著,有效的缩短手术时间和住院时间,促进了术后恢复,且并发症少,值得临床中应用与推广。     

微道与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的比较

目的对微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗临床复杂性肾结石疗效进行分析比较。方法选取我院确诊患有复杂性肾结石患者作为研究对象。对照组患者接受标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察组患者接受微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗,对诸上患者临床疗效情况进行统计记录。结果观察组患者手术时间(87.2±15.6)较对照组患者(107.2±26.2)明显缩短,输血率及术后高热率均明显低于对照组的(5%vs 10%)、结石清除率(97.5%)明显高于对照组(87.5%),上述差异均具有显著性。结论与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗相比,微通道经皮肾镜取石术在治疗临床复杂性肾时更具优势,可有效减少输血及术后高情况出现,此种手术方法具有手术时间短、结石清除率高等优势,存在深入研究价值。     

微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效研究

目的：探讨微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效。方法：选取2007年7月～2010年7月于本院进行治疗的192例肾结石患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组（开放式手术组）96例和观察组（微通道经皮肾镜取石术组）96例,后将两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、一次清除率、并发症发生率及术前术后生存质量进行统计及比较。结果：观察组的手术时间和住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,一次清除率高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,术后SCL-90评分高于对照组,P均〈0.05,差异均有统计学意义。结论：微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效好,可作为治疗肾结石的首选方法之一。     

标准与微通道经皮肾镜治疗肾结石的疗效比较

目的：分析比较标准与微通道经皮肾镜治疗肾结石的疗效。方法随机选取本院进行治疗的67例肾结石患者,将其分成对照组（微通道）和观察组（标准通道）,两组患者均采用经皮肾镜取石术,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量以及结石清除率。结果观察组术中出血量明显比对照组少,手术时间、术后住院时间均明显比对照组短（P〈0.05）。观察组的一期结石清除率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论标准通道经皮肾镜治疗肾结石,手术时间短、结石清除率较高,值得临床推广应用。     

微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术治疗肾结石的疗效观察

目的探讨微通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术(m PCNL)与标准通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术(标准通道PCNL)治疗肾结石的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2012年10月至2014年10月,应用B超引导下m PCNL与标准通道PCNL分别治疗150例肾结石。比较两组患者的手术时间、Ⅰ期结石清除率、术中出血量、术中输血率、肾造瘘管留置时间,观察患者术后有无并发症(迟发型出血、感染等)。结果 m PCNL组与标准通道PCNL组一期分别建立F18和F24肾穿刺通道。标准通道PCNL组手术时间比m PCNL组缩短(P<0.05);单纯肾盂结石Ⅰ期清除率较m PCNL组要高(P<0.05);m PCNL组对多发性肾盏结石患者Ⅰ期结石清除率比标准通道PCNL组高(P<0.05)。m PCNL组术中输血率、肾造瘘管留置时间以及术后并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术中出血量明显少于标准通道PCNL组(P<0.05)。结论 MPCNL与标准通道PCNL均具有术中损伤小、Ⅰ期结石清除率高、并发症少等优点。标准通道PCNL适合较大的肾盂结石,而肾盏多发结石应首先考虑m PCNL,经皮肾镜钬激光碎石取石术处理肾结石安全、有效。     

Chloride channel

Cl- current in GABA-sensitive neurons of the frog dorsal root ganglia was separated from other Na+, Ca2+ and K+ currents using the suction pipette technique which allows internal perfusion and current clamp. Adequacy of the internal perfusion technique was assessed from the reversal potential for GABA-induced Cl- current (EGABA) at various intracellular Cl- concentrations. EGABA was equal to the Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl) and behaved as a simple Cl- electrode following changes of external and internal Cl- concentrations [(Cl]0 and [Cl]i. EGABA changed by 58 mV for a tenfold change in either [Cl]0 or [Cl]i at constant [Cl]0 or [Cl]i, respectively. GABA-induced Cl- conductance increased dose-dependently. In addition, single Cl- channel current (icl) and conductance (gamma Cl) were estimated from the Cl- current fluctuation by using both power spectrum and amplitude histogram methods, and the theoretical values were compared with those measured directly by a conventional inside-out patch clamp technique.     

Predicting channel function from channel structure using Brownian dynamics simulations

1. The transport process of ions across the potassium channel is studied using computer simulations. The shape of the model channel corresponds closely to that deduced from crystallography. 2. We first give an intuitive account of how the motion of ions experiencing an applied electric force and interacting with a dielectric boundary and charge residues on the channel wall can be simulated accurately by using a powerful supercomputer. 3. We then show how some of the salient features of ion channels can be deduced by following the positions of ions at each discrete step over many millions of time steps.     

Cocaine-calcium channel antagonist interactions

Diltiazem, a benzothiazepine calcium channel antagonist, was given to six healthy men as a single 60 mg oral dose 120 min before IV injection of cocaine (0.2 mg/kg) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-session study. Diltiazem alone produced no significant effects. Cocaine increased blood pressure, heart rate, pupil size and subjective high ratings, and decreased skin temperature. Diltiazem pretreatment diminished the cocaine effect on skin temperature, but did not otherwise alter the response to cocaine. Calcium channel antagonists diminish the effects of cocaine in vitro and in animals. Dosage considerations may be critical because of the differential sensitivity of various tissues to calcium channel antagonists.     

Glutamate receptor channel signatures

Genes encoding glutamate receptor channel subunits were identified in genomes from Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans by homology search with amino acid sequences that participate in the conserved channel pore. The predicted sequences of the putative glutamate receptor subunits revealed a distinct channel pore signature for each receptor subtype and for most of them, related members were found in C. elegans and Drosophila.     

TRP channel gating physiology

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) cation channels participate in several processes of vital importance in cell and organism physiology, and have been demonstrated to participate in the detection of sensory stimuli. The thermo TRP's reviewed: TRPV1 (vanilloid 1), TRPM8 (melastatin 8) and TRPA1 (ankyrin-like 1) are known to integrate different chemical and physical stimuli such as changes in temperature and sensing different irritant or pungent compounds. However, despite the physiological importance of these channels the mechanisms by which they detect incoming stimuli, how the sensing domains are coupled to channel gating and how these processes are connected to specific structural regions in the channel are not fully understood, but valuable information is available. Many sites involved in agonist detection have been characterized and gating models that describe many features of the channel's behavior have been put forward. In this review we will survey some of the key findings concerning the structural and molecular mechanisms of TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 activation.     

TRPP2 channel regulation

Polycystin-2, or TRPP2 according to the TRP nomenclature, is encoded by PKD2, a gene mutated in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Its precise subcellular location and its intracellular trafficking are a matter of intense debate, although consensus has emerged that it is located in primary cilia, a long-neglected organelle possibly involved in sensory functions. Polycystin-2 has a calculated molecular mass of 110 kDa, and according to structural predictions it contains six membrane-spanning domains and a pore-forming region between the 5th and 6th membrane-spanning domain. This section irst introduces the reader to the field of cystic kidney diseases and to the PKD2 gene, before the ion channel properties of polycystin-2 are discussed in great detail.     

Ca2+ channel toxins: Tools to study channel structure and function

A remarkable diversity of voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels exists in the mammalian nervous system to subserve the broad and complicated roles that impulse-generated changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ play in neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission, cell firing, gene expression, and related functional sequelae. A detailed understanding of how such temporally and subcellularly restricted changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ affect cellular and synaptic function requires selective pharmacological tools that can specifically dissect one channel apart from the operating neuron or neuronal system. A set of selective reagents currently available to the Ca²⁺ channel pharmacologist or physiologist has been provided by a variety of predatory animals from disparate phylogenetic origins. It is fortunate that these creatures invested in countless years of toxin engineering providing essential implements which otherwise might have been obtained only through an enormous effort on the part of current-day scientists. This review will offer a discussion of the current understanding of the pharmacology and chemistry of important Ca²⁺ channel toxins in the context of the growing field of neuronal Ca²⁺ channel structure and function. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A new mechanosensitive channel SAKCA and a new MS channel blocker GsTMx-4

Cells can respond to a variety of mechanical stimuli such as tension, pressure, and shear stress. However, the mechanisms of mechanotransduction are largely unknown. The major reason for this lies in the ambiguity of the molecular entity of cell mechanosensors. Currently only MS (mechanosensitive) channels conform to an established class of mechanosensors due to the firm and detailed analyses by electrophysiolgy. Although molecular structures of MS channels are known for limited members, higher order structures of bacterial MS channels have been resolved and their detailed structure-function studies are in progress. In contrast, molecular and biophysical analyses of eukaryote MS channels, which may attract much attention, are yet not well-studied. Although many candidate molecules have been proposed as the cell mechanosensor, currently only 2-pore-domain K channels (TREK/TRAAK) and SAKCA, a new class of MS channel introduced here, may be the subjects eligible for rigorous electrophysiological analyses. On the other hand, lack of specific blockers to MS channels is another reason why the progress in this field is slow. Gadolinium (Gd(3+)) has been extensively used as a potent blocker of MS channels, but its nonspecific actions have limited its usefulness. Very recently, a promising 35 mer peptide, which can be more specific for MS channels, named GsMTx-4 has been isolated from spider venom. This peptide is interesting because it inhibits stretch-induced atrial fibrillation, which may involve MS channel activation and thus can be used as a basis for developing a new class of drugs to cure heart failure. This short review deals with recent progresses in MS channel studies and the structure-function of SAKCA, a recently cloned MS channel from heart, as well as its interaction with the new MS channel blocker GsMTx-4.