预见性护理在小儿支气管哮喘治疗护理中的临床价值研究

目的 探讨分析预见性护理在小儿支气管哮喘治疗护理中的临床价值研究.方法 选取儿科收住院的小儿支气管哮喘患儿360例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组180例,对照组给予常规的护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上有针对性地给予预见性护理干预,分析2组患儿经治疗护理后患儿家属对护理的总满意度,患儿症状缓解的时间、体征消失的时间、各项生活功能和总体生活质量评分、心理状态.结果 观察组患儿家属对护理的总满意度和对照组相比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿症状缓解的时间和体征消失的时间和对照组相比更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿各项生活功能和总体生活质量评分以及心理状态显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对于支气管哮喘患儿给予预见性护理干预,能够有效提高临床疗效和患儿家属满意度,提高患儿生活质量和心理状态,值得在临床中应用推广.     

舒适护理模式在小儿急性哮喘护理中的临床应用价值

目的 探究舒适护理模式在小儿急性哮喘护理中的临床应用价值。方法 选取60例急性哮喘患儿作为研究对象,根据单双号分为观察组（常规护理+舒适护理模式）与对照组（常规护理）两组,各30例。比较两组患者临床症状消失时间、肺功能指标,调查满意度。结果 观察组喘息、咳嗽、呼吸困难及肺部哮鸣音症状消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患儿FVC、FEV1及PEF肺功能指标护理前比较（P>0.05）,对比护理后组间差异显示观察组VS对照组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组护理满意度为96.7%,高于对照组的70.0%(P<0.05)。结论 舒适护理模式可加快小儿急性哮喘症状消失,促进肺功能恢复正常,提高家属的满意度与认可度,值得推广。     

小儿急性上呼吸道感染护理中舒适护理的临床应用效果分析

目的分析舒适护理在小儿急性上呼吸道感染中的效果。方法从2016年1月至2016年9月在我院儿科住院病房设立舒适护理病区,并选择急性上呼吸道感染患儿92例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组46例入住普通病区,给予常规护理;观察组46例入住舒适病区,采用舒适护理,比较两组患儿住院时间、治疗效果和家长满意度。结果观察组患儿对环境、生理和心理舒适度评分均高于对照组,平均住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿出现恶心呕吐、高热抽搐惊厥2例,发生率为4.35%;对照组出现恶心呕吐、高热抽搐惊厥8例,发生率为17.39%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.529,P<0.05)。结论舒适护理可提高急性上呼吸道感染患儿心理、生理舒适度,减少并发症发生率,缩短住院时间。     

临床护理路径对狂躁抑郁症患者护理效果分析

目的:分析临床护理路径对狂躁抑郁症患者的护理效果。方法:选择2018年1月—2019年1月收治的狂躁抑郁症患者81例,按随机数表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组(40例)给予常规护理,观察组(41例)采用临床护理路径,对比两组患者临床相关指标、生活质量及满意度。结果:观察组住院时间以及住院费用明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心理功能、躯体功能、物质生活及社会功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:狂躁抑郁症患者采用临床护理路径,可以减少患者住院时间和住院费用,改善生活质量,有效提高护理满意度。     

优质化护理对小儿肺炎的影响分析

目的探讨优质护理应用在小儿肺炎中的护理效果及应用价值。方法选择我院治疗的小儿肺炎患儿98例作为研究对象,按照随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各49例,两组均给予西医常规治疗,对照组给予儿科常规护理,观察组给予优质化护理服务,观察两组临床护理情况。结果观察组患儿治疗总有效率高于对照组,经统计学分析比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿住院时间、并发症发生率及家属临床护理满意度均好于对照组,经统计学分析比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对小儿肺炎实施优质化护理服务可以提高临床治疗效果,缩短患者住院时间,减少并发症发生,提高家长护理满意度,值得在临床上大力推广使用。     

系统护理干预在小儿病毒性脑炎中的应用及效果观察

目的探究系统护理干预在小儿病毒性脑炎中的应用及效果。方法选取我院在2014年10月至2015年10月收治的36例小儿病毒性脑炎患儿作为观察对象,其中18例患儿给予常规护理,作为对照组;另外18例患儿在对照组的基础上采用系统护理干预,作为观察组。观察对比两组患儿各项症状缓解时间、住院时间、护理满意度和病死率。结果观察组患儿各项症状缓解时间和住院时间均明显短于对照组,P<0.05,观察组家属的护理满意度为94.4%,明显高于对照组的61.1%,P<0.05,两组患儿病死率对比差异不明显,P>0.05。结论对小儿病毒性脑炎患儿给予系统护理干预,能够减少患儿症状缓解时间和住院时间,更快更好地帮助患儿减轻病痛,并且家属对于护理的满意度较高,护理的效果较理想,值得临床推广。     

临床护理路径应用于支气管哮喘患者护理中的效果观察

目的观察临床护理路径应用于支气管哮喘患者护理中的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的50例支气管哮喘患者作为观察对象,收治时间为2015年1月至2015年9月,采用计算机随机方式将收治的患者分成两组,对照组采用一般护理,实验组采用临床护理路径,观察两组支气管哮喘患者护理后症状缓解时间、满意度及住院天数。结果对照组满意度72.00%明显低于实验组92.00%,且两组支气管哮喘患者之间对比的症状缓解时间及住院天数存在差异(P<0.05),统计学有意义。结论针对支气管哮喘患者实施临床护理路径的护理效果显著,能有效缓解患者临床症状,改善患者病情,促进患者恢复健康。     

哮喘患儿雾化吸入治疗的护理对策分析

目的：分析哮喘患儿雾化吸入治疗的护理对策。方法选取本院2012年11月-2013年10月收治的94例哮喘患儿,随机分为常规护理组和舒适护理组,以疗效、症状体征消失时间、住院时间、患儿及家属就诊满意评分为观察指标,比较分析两组的护理效果。结果舒适护理组患儿恢复的优良率为97.9%（46/47）,高于常规护理组的80.9%（38/47）,差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）;舒适护理组患儿症状、体征消失时间和住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;舒适护理组患儿及家属就诊满意评分﹥90分的为83.0%（39/47）,高于常规护理组的53.2%（25/47）,差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。结论对哮喘患儿雾化吸入采用舒适护理能提高疗效,促进患者及早康复,并且提高了就诊满意度,有利于护患和谐。     

雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作的护理

目的探讨雾化吸入治疗小儿哮喘急性发作的护理方法。方法选取我院(2016年1月至2018年1月)收治的86例哮喘急性发作期患儿,根据不同护理方法分为两组,对照组(n=43)给予常规护理,观察组(n=43)在常规护理基础上给予全程化护理,对比两组患儿临床疗效以及患儿家属护理满意度。结果两组患者临床疗效对比95.35%vs83.72%差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿家属护理满意度对比97.67%vs86.05%差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在患儿雾化吸入治疗中给予全程护理,可有效提高雾化吸入治疗效果,家属也对护理工作满意,因此值得临床推广。     

手足口病护理中舒适护理的应用体会

目的探讨舒适护理在手足口病护理中的应用价值。方法收集78例手足口病患儿的临床资料,分为观察组与对照组,每组39例,两组患儿均给予常规治疗,对照组患儿在此基础上给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上给予舒适护理干预。结果观察组的发热、皮疹、口腔溃疡、水疱结痂消退时间均显著少于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿对护理工作的满意度为94.87%,显著高于对照组的76.92%,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对手足口病患儿实施舒适护理干预,能有效缩短临床症状的消退时间,并提高患儿对护理工作的满意度,减少护患纠纷的发生。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.