常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓关系的研究

目的 探讨常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)间的关系.方法 孕晚期测定71名孕妇母血、脐血、羊水中微量元素水平,其中IUGR组21例,对照组35例,巨大儿组15例.结果 IUGR组母血清Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cr明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);Cd,Pb,Ni水平明显高于对照组;巨大儿组母血清Fe含量亦明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);三组间Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组脐血清Se,Mn,Cd,Fe,Cu,Mg明显低于对照组;Pb,Ni明显高于对照组;三组间Zn,Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组羊水Zn,Se,Mn,Fe明显低于对照组,三组间Ca,Co无明显差别.结论 常、微量元素与胎儿发育关系密切,Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cu,Cr缺乏可致胎儿宫内发育迟缓,Cd,Pb,Ni升高可致低体重儿.     

ICP分析维甲酸诱导大鼠肝癌细胞凋亡血清和癌组织微量元素的变化

探讨维甲酸诱导大鼠肝癌细胞凋亡的血清和癌组织微量元素的变化。收集18例实验组SD大鼠血清和癌组织标品,应用等离子体发射光谱仪测定Se、Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Ni含量。结果表明:①血清微量元素含量测定,维甲酸组Zn、Mg、Ni含量低于对照组,Mn含量高于对照组(P<0.05),Se、Cu、Fe、Ca含量和对照组比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②肝组织微量元素含量测定,维甲酸组Zn、Fe、Ca含量低于对照组,Mg、Mn、Ni含量高于对照组(P<0.05),Se、Cu含量和对照组比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。本研究提示,微量元素含量的变化与肝癌发生、发展有相关性,对癌变过程的研究和临床治疗的指导具有重要意义。     

肺癌及癌旁组织中微量元素含量分析

目的 :探讨肺癌患者的癌、癌旁和正常组织中微量元素含量的变化。方法 :收集 2 0例肺癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织 ,用等离子体发射光谱仪测定Se、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn含量。结果 :肺癌患者的正常组织、癌旁组织、癌组织Se、Zn、Mg的含量和Se/Zn的比值逐渐降低 ,但Cu、Fe、Mn的含量和Cu/Zn、Fe/Zn、Mn/Zn的比值则相反而逐渐升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :微量元素含量的变化与肺癌发生、发展有一定的关系 ,对癌变过程的研究和临床治疗的指导具有重要意义     

地甲肿流行区智力低下儿童头发中14种元素分析

本文用ICP-AES法测定了地甲肿流行区63名儿童(其中智力低下患儿41名)头发中Zn、Pb、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg、Al、Sr、Ni、Cr、Sn、Se、I 14种常、微量元素的含量。结果表明智力低下儿童头发中Zn、Pb、Ca、Ni、Cr明显低于非病区对照组,而Fe、Mn、Al则明显高于非病区对照组。提示地甲肿流行区智力低下的发生,碘缺乏不是唯一的病因,而是多种元素作用的结果。     

上海地区7～20岁人群血清微量元素研究

作者检测了上海地区417名7～20岁人群的血清17种微量元素(包括12种必需微量元素)和3种常量元素的含量。其中血清Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Cr、Co、Mo、Si、Sn、Ni、V、Ca、P、Mg、Sr、Cd、Pb、Al、Ti共19种元素采用ICAP-9000型等离子体直读光谱仪测定,血清Se由F-78型脉冲极谱仪分析。结果表明,血清Zn、Cu及常量元素等分布比较集中,Cd、Pb、Co、Sr等变异度较大。多数元素与年龄存在相关关系,其中Zn、Fe、Mn、Sr等与年龄呈正相关,Cu、Se、Cr、Pb等则随年龄增长而下降。不同生长发育时期血清多数元素有明显差别,整个人群血清各元素男女间基本一致,但不同时期血清元素有一定性别差异。比较不同地区血清元素的分布,表明市区人群血清Cr、Si、Pb等元素较高,而市郊Cu、Fe、Mn、Sr值较高。     

锌、铜、铁、钙营养状况与高血压病的相关研究

对５２例高血压患者进行头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等１０种元素的含量测定，并同时测算相应膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙及蛋白质和热能的摄入量。结果表明：①高血压组发锌、铜、钙、硒、铬、锰、锶含量均低于健康组，发铁、铅含量则高于健康组。②高血压组膳食中锌、铜、钙、蛋白质的摄入量均明显低于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准，而铁及热能的摄入量则高于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准。③高血压组膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙的摄入量分别与相应发含量及蛋白和热能的摄入量呈显著性正相关。结果提示，高血压患者头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等元素含量可用来评价其营养状况。微量元素含量变化与高血压病的发生发展有密切关系。     

胎儿血清中8种微量元素含量研究

通过对 10 0例健康胎儿血清中 8种微量元素 (铁、锌、铜、锰、铅、钴、镍、硒 )含量的测定 ,显示所测元素含量在男、女胎儿之间无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;胎儿的铁、锌、锰含量似高于成人 ,铜、铅、硒含量低于成人 ,钴、镍含量与成人相当 ;足月产胎儿血清铜含量明显高于胎膜早破胎儿 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,钴含量则明显低于胎膜早破胎儿 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

The Extent of Burn Injury Significantly Affects Serum Micro- and Macroelement Concentrations in Patients on the First Day of Hospitalisation

Burns exceeding 30% of total body surface area (TBSA) result in considerable hypovolemia coupled with the formation and release of inflammatory mediators, leading to subsequent systemic effects known as burn shock. Because of plasma exudation and the associated losses of large quantities of minerals, severe burns can lead to nutritional deficiencies and consequently disrupt homeostasis and metabolism of the entire body. The study group comprised 62 patients, who were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of burns. Serum samples were tested for concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Se, Na, Cr, Ni, and Al. The mineral concentrations in serum of patients with burn injuries differ significantly from reference values, but this is not affected by the extent of the body burn. There are statistically significant decreases in serum concentrations of elements important for antioxidant protection (Zn, Cu, Se), and significant increases in the concentrations of toxic elements (Al and Ni), which may aggravate the effects associated with the state of burn shock. The Spearman rank correlation analysis did not reveal any statistically significant relationships between the serum concentrations of Mn, Ni, Al, K, Na, P, Mg, Zn, Se, Cr and the affected body surface area and severity of the burn—the values were at the lower end of the reference range. The obtained results indicate that proper nutrition, including elements replenishment, is extremely important in the recovery process of burn patients and time to nutrition is an important factor affecting patient survival after severe burn.     

立体视锐度与发样十五种元素关系初探

本文采用X－射线荧光分析法测定抚州市区152名健康中小学生（其中立体视锐度异常29人）的头发中Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mg、Pb、Cd、Mo、Se和Ge等15种元素的含量。结果表明立体视锐度异常儿童头发中Se元素含量较正常组低（P＜0．05），而Zn／Cu比值则明显高于正常组（P＜0．05），提示给予富含硒元素的食物，提高体内硒含量，调整Zn／Cu比值．对防治立体视税度导常发生具有重要作用。     

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrophytes from Two Small Rivers Polluted by Urban,Agricultural and Textile Industry Sewages SW Poland

This article presents the results from a study of the comparison of 2 lowland rivers: the Olobok and the Pilawa in southwest Poland polluted by urban, agricultural, and textile industry sewages. pH and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were measured in water samples and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, and Zn were measured in stream bottom sediments and in the aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Callitriche verna, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum from the river Olobok and Elodea canadensis, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton crispus, and Veronica beccabunga from the river Pilawa. The matrix of concentrations of 16 elements in 27 plant samples of 7 species from 15 sampling sites of 2 rivers and concentrations of 15 elements and pH in water samples and 16 elements and pH in bottom sediment samples of these sites was submitted to numerical classification, which revealed that sampling sites from the rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1 of principal component analysis (PCA), which was related to the pH of water, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Ni in water and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, and S in bottom sediments. More polluted parts of both rivers were differentiated from less polluted parts by the value of factor 2 of PCA, which was related to Pb, Zn, and sulfates in water and Ca and Zn in bottom sediments. Macrophytes from the Olobok and Pilawa rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1, which was related to Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, N, Na, Pb, and S. Groups of macrophytes of more and less polluted parts of both rivers differed by the value of factor 2, which was related to P, K, and Mn. Downstream of the sewage outputs in both rivers, a significantly increased level of pollution occurs with elements correlated with factor 1: Among others were Cu and Cr, typical for the textile industry along the river Pilawa, and among others were Mn and Ni, typical for the urban and agricultural activities in the river Olobok.     

Contents of mineral elements in Swedish market basket diets

The aim of this study was to estimate the average dietary exposure to toxic and essential mineral elements in the Swedish population (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Se, Ca, K, Mg, Na, I). Market baskets were purchased during March-May 1999 in four cities representing the major geographical regions and population centres in Sweden. The market baskets were based on food disappearance data representing more than 90% of annual supply, and were divided into 12 food groups.Large variations between food groups were seen for the average concentrations of most essential elements. Differences between the four cities were relatively small (CoV < 10-20%), exceptions being e.g. Se in cereals and I in meat. Pb concentration varied considerably among food groups ranging from <0.001 mg/kg in soft drinks to 0.027 mg/kg in wine. Cd concentration varied from <0.001 mg/kg in soft drinks and dairy products to 0.024 mg/kg in cereal products. Average contents of the elements were (per/person/day) 1110 mg Ca, 2580 mg Na, 3320 mg K, 285 mg Mg, 11.3 mg Zn, 9.2 mg Fe, 3.5 mg Mn, 1.15 mg Cu, 0.20 mg I, 0.052 mg Se, 0.09 mg Ni, 0.025 mg Cr, 0.011 mg Co, 0.007 mg Pb and 0.010 mg Cd. Compared to a previous study in 1987 no or minor changes in the supply of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd have occurred. The content of Fe was about 40% lower in the present study, mainly due to cessation of flour fortification. The content of Se was about 30% higher. The content of Pb was about 50% lower, probably due to the elimination of Pb from petrol and other measures taken to reduce Pb emissions in Sweden. The average content of essential mineral elements in the Swedish diet was close to or above daily recommended intakes for adults, except for Mg and Fe. The average Pb and Cd content corresponds to 3% and 17% of the JECFA PTWI, respectively. The content of Cd corresponds to 47% of the new TWI established by EFSA in 2009.     

北京市居民饮用水中16种金属元素暴露水平

目的了解北京市居民饮用水中16种金属元素(铅Pb、镉Cd、铜Cu、锌Zn、铁Fe、锰Mn、镍Ni、银Ag、锑Sb、硒Se、铝Al、钡Ba、铍Be、铊Tl、钼Mo和钠Na)暴露水平。方法采用多阶段整群抽样设计,在北京市18个区县随机抽取5个区的270户,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对枯水期、丰水期居民饮用水中16种金属指标进行监测。结果居民饮用水中16种元素的暴露水平由低到高可以分为3层:Ag、Cd、Sb、Be和Tl暴露水平为:未检出～0.083μg/L,Mo、Pb、Ni和Se暴露水平为:0.06～100μg/L,Cu、Al、Zn、Mn、Fe、Na和Ba暴露水平为:0.00036～6.579mg/L。统计表明,11种元素(Pb、Se、Mo、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Al、Ba、Fe和Na)暴露水平枯水期明显高于丰水期(P<0.05),以《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749—2006中的标准值为评价标准,枯水期Na、Al、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ba、Pb、Se的合格率为87.4%～98.9%;丰水期Mn、Ni、Zn、Fe、Pb和Se的合格率为95.2%～99.6%,其他元素合格率为100%。来自市政水源的饮用水中8种元素(Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、Ba、Fe和Na)的暴露水平明显低于来自自备水源的饮用水(P<0.05)。结论北京市居民饮用水中16种金属元素总体处于低暴露水平,大部分指标市政供水好于自备水源供水。     

急性脑血管病患者头发微量元素测定分析

对１２１例急性脑出血和１４０例急性脑梗塞患者头发进行微量元素铬、硒、铜、锌、镁、锰、铁检测其含量。结果显示急性脑出血与急性脑梗塞组发铬、硒、铜、锌、镁均降低，铬、硒含量脑梗塞组比脑出血组降低更为明显，而脑梗塞组发铁明显低于正常，锰明显高于正常，而脑出血组锰、铁均正常。     

猪血红素中微量元素含量的测定

<正> 缺铁性贫血是当今世界上普遍存在的营养缺乏性疾病之一。目前,常用来治疗缺铁性贫血的药物多为硫酸亚铁,但由于服用后胃肠道反应较大,病人很难坚持继续服药。现在,已问世了一种猪血红素离来作为缺铁性贫血的治疗药物,效果十分理想。本文用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和荧光分光光度法(FS)对口服原料药猪血红素中的锌、铜、铁、锰、镉、镍、铅、镁和硒的含量进行了测定,     

百色产黑木耳中的微量元素分析

用原子吸收和荧光分光光度法测定了百色市7县、区黑木耳中钾、钠、钙、镁、锌、锰、铁、铜、硒、铅等10种微量元素含量。结果表明:百色产的黑木耳中含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素,其中钾、锌等元素含量高于文献值,铅的含量低于食品卫生标准,不同地方出产的黑木耳的微量元素含量不相同。     

Modeling metal bioaccumulation in the invasive mussels Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis in the rivers Rhine and Meuse

The metal-specific covalent index and the species-specific size-based filtration rate were integrated into a biokinetic model estimating metal bioaccumulation in mussels from the dissolved phase and phytoplankton. The model was validated for zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) mussels in the rivers Rhine and Meuse, the Netherlands. The model performed well in predicting tissue concentrations in different-sized zebra mussels from various sampling sites for (55) Mn, (56) Fe, (59) Co, (60) Ni, (82) Se, (111) Cd, (118) Sn, and (208) Pb (r(2) =0.71-0.99). Performance for (52) Cr, (63) Cu, (66) Zn, (68) Zn, and (112) Cd was moderate (r(2) <0.20). In quagga mussels, approximately 73 to 94% of the variability in concentrations of (82) Se, (111) Cd, (112) Cd, and (208) Pb was explained by the model (r(2) =0.73-0.94), followed by (52) Cr, (55) Mn, (56) Fe, (60) Ni, and (63) Cu (r(2) =0.48-0.61). Additionally, in both zebra and quagga mussels, average modeled concentrations were within approximately one order of magnitude of the measured values. In particular, in zebra mussels, estimations of (60) Ni and (82) Se concentrations were equal to 51 and 76% of the measurements, respectively. Higher deviations were observed for (52) Cr, (59) Co, (55) Mn, (56) Fe, (111) Cd, (63) Cu, and (112) Cd (underestimation), and (66) Zn, (68) Zn, (208) Pb, and (118) Sn (overestimation). For quagga mussels, modeled concentrations of (66) Zn and (68) Zn differed approximately 14% from the measured levels. Differences between predictions and measurements were higher for other metals.     

新疆哈萨克族食管癌患者全血及头发中微量元素的分析

<正> 微量元素与肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗有密切的关系。新疆哈萨克族食管癌患病率较高,为了探讨食管癌与微量元素的关系,我们于1990年8月至1992年7月对新疆部分哈萨克族食管癌高发区患者全血及头发中部分无机元素含量进行了测定。材料与方法1.样品采集:选用新疆新源县及阿勒泰地区食管癌高发区,经病理细胞学检查确诊为食管癌患者     

火焰原子吸收法测定潮州芡实中的矿质元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了潮州芡实中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Ni、Pb、Cd等微量元素 ,为潮州芡实的开发提供了依据。各元素的回收率在 95 %～ 10 5 %。结果表明 ,潮州芡实中富含人体必需的微量元素及大量元素 ,有害元素Pb、Cd等含量较低。     

胃癌患者癌癌旁和正常组织中16种元素的分析

对３４例胃癌患者３种组织中１６种元素的测定结果表明：①癌组织中Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ、Ａｌ、Ｐ、Ｔｉ、Ｎａ、Ｂａ的含量分别高于癌旁和正常组织；Ｍｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｒ的含量则分别低于癌旁和正常组织。②Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｃｕ、Ｋ、Ｐ５种元素的含量癌与癌旁、癌与正常组织分别存在显著差异Ｐ＜０．０５。③Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ３种元素的含量癌与癌旁组织间差异显著Ｐ＜０．０５；而Ｍｎ元素的含量癌与正常组织间差异显著Ｐ＜０．０５。④Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｎａ元素的含量癌旁高于正常组织，其它１３种元素的含量癌旁分别低于正常组织；癌旁与正常组织间Ａｓ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ差异显著Ｐ＜０．０５。⑤癌组织的Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值分别高于癌旁、正常组织，差异显著Ｐ＜０．０１。     

大骨节病病区与非病区小麦中无机元素比较分析

目的 :探讨无机元素在大骨节病发病中的可能作用。方法 :对大骨节病病区与非病区小麦中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ca、Se、As、Pb、Cd等 10种无机元素的含量进行对比分析。Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg用等离子发射光谱法 (ICP)测定 ,Se、As、Pb、Cd用原子吸收法测定。结果 :病区小麦与非病区相比 ,人体必需微量元素Zn、Cu、Se明显低于非病区小麦 ,尤其硒的含量特别低 ,而Ca含量偏高。结论 :大骨节病病区主食小麦中Se含量均明显低于非病区 ,而Ca含量均明显偏高 ,进一步验证了大骨节病与硒等无机元素有关 ,与必需微量元素锌和铜的缺乏也可能有一定的关系。