Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

This is a retrospective analysis of 35 patients treated for a first recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland from 1982 to 1997. All patients were treated surgically; no patient received radiotherapy for benign disease. We experienced a locoregional control rate of 77%. Our malignant transformation rate was 5.7%. Our results suggest that in carefully selected patients, local excision of recurrent disease is sufficient in controlling further recurrence.     

Giant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common benign tumors of the salivary glands. These adenomas generally present without pain and are slowly enlarged. However, they can reach enormous sizes, because they are often neglected by the patient and due to late diagnosis and intervention because of fear of surgery or sociocultural factors. This may lead to functional, aesthetic and social problems. In this article, we present a 55-year-old female patient with a giant pleomorphic adenoma in size of 15x15x20 cm, who presented with the complaint of a mass enlarged and swollen for 20 years in her left neck and face and underwent a successful surgery.     

Surgery of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

In literature opinion is divided, whether for treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland partial parotidectomy is adequate or complete parotidectomy is necessary. In a retrospective analysis of 123 complete parotidectomies in pleomorphic adenomas the macroscopic tumor extension was compared with the microscopic findings. Additionally 35 pleomorphic adenomas were examined in histological serial sections. The retrospective analysis showed in 6%, the serial sections in 11% microscopic tumor in the macroscopic tumorfree inner lobe. A clinical follow-up examination of 85 patients operated by complete parotidectomy because pleomorphic adenoma resulted in a relapse-quota of 3.5%. The function of the facial nerve was in most cases normal, in 8.2% a weakness of the mandibular branch was found. These results indicate that the risk to leave tumor can be reduced evidently by a complete parotidectomy.     

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

IntroductionCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant tumor of the parotid gland. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of CXPA of the parotid gland in patients managed for 11 years at this hospital.MethodsThe study included 17 cases of CXPA of the parotid gland from January 2010 to December 2020.ResultsOver 11 years, CXPA was the fourth most common parotid carcinoma, accounting for 9.4% of the 180 cases finally diagnosed as parotid carcinoma. Of the 17 cases of CXPA of the parotid gland, 12 lesions were removed by superficial parotidectomy, four lesions by total parotidectomy, and one lesion by radical parotidectomy. Four patients underwent neck dissection. The most common histopathology type was salivary duct carcinoma (n = 13, 76.5%). Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) was performed in 15 patients. Two patients (11.8%) experienced CXPA recurrence 14 and 19 months after surgery.ConclusionCXPA of the parotid gland was treated without recurrence in about 90% of the patients through surgery and postoperative RT. In the case of frankly invasive or adverse factors in the histopathological examination, more attention is required because CXPA recurrence may occur more frequently.     

Minimally invasive surgery for parotid pleomorphic adenoma

Compared with total parotidectomy and complete superficial parotidectomy for the removal of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma, partial superficial parotidectomy with dissection and preservation of the facial nerve--defined as the excision of a tumor with a 2-cm margin of normal parotid parenchyma except at the point where the tumor abuts the facial nerve--is associated with a lower incidence of transient facial nerve dysfunction, facial contour disfigurement, and subsequent Frey's syndrome. The partial procedure is not associated with any increase in recurrence, and it requires less operating time. The author hypothesized that the use of this procedure to remove a benign pleomorphic adenoma might result in even less morbidity (transient or permanent facial nerve dysfunction, facial contour disfigurement, Frey's syndrome, and hypoesthesia) without increasing the risk of recurrence if only a 1-cm margin of normal parotid parenchyma was removed and if the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve were preserved To test this hypothesis, the author conducted a retrospective study of 30 patients--15 who had undergone the standard partial procedure (2-cm margin with great auricular nerve sacrifice) and 15 who had undergone the modified version (1-cm margin with great auricular nerve preservation). After a mean follow-up of 10 years, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of facial nerve dysfunction, facial contour disfigurement, Frey's syndrome, and recurrence. Moreover, preservation of the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve did not prevent alterations in sensitivity (i.e., hypoesthesia) in 7 of the 15 patients (46.7%). Although a 1-cm area of normal parotid parenchyma around a benign pleomorphic adenoma was a safe margin, it was no better than a 2-cm margin in terms ofmorbidity and recurrence. Preservation of the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve will result in an objective reduction in hypoesthesia in approximately half of patients, but because it does not ensure freedom from sensitivity alterations in all cases, patients should be advised of the risk of postoperative numbness in the earlobe and the infraauricular area.     

Bilateral SMAS rhytidectomy in parotid recurrent pleomorphic adenoma

A case is presented of a young female with parotid recurrent pleomorphic adenoma and skin infiltration treated with subtotal parotidectomy combined with a bilateral superficial muscular aponeurotic system rhytidectomy.     

腮腺多形性腺瘤187例临床分析

目的 探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤的临床诊断、手术方式的选择及术后复发和并发症的防治。方法 对187例腮腺多形性腺瘤手术病例的临床资料进行分析,其中包膜外肿瘤切除+周围部分腮腺组织切除术86例,保留面神经的肿瘤切除+腮腺次全切除术72例,保留面神经的肿瘤切除+腮腺全切除术29例。结果 术后肿瘤复发12例,经二次手术无再复发。术后发生暂时性面瘫20例,其中颊支面瘫6例,下颌缘支面瘫10例,颧支、颊支、下颌缘支面瘫者4例,经激素、神经营养药、中医理疗等处理,面神经麻痹超过6个月且不能完全恢复者为永久性面瘫。本组永久性面瘫2例;出现涎瘘15例,Frey综合征36例。结论 腮腺多形性腺瘤的最后确诊必须依赖病理检查,以包膜外切除整个肿瘤,术中冰冻切片最为妥当,其手术方式的选择应根据肿瘤的大小、位置、与面神经的关系等来决定,术中面神经解剖是手术的关键,既能有效控制肿瘤的复发又能尽量避免并发症是手术的要点。     

Unusual multiple metastases from malignant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.

A case of malignant pleomorphic adenoma of the left parotid gland which metastasized to the kidney and multiple subcutaneous sites is presented. The patient presented as an acute emergency due to spontaneous rupture of the kidney containing metastasis. All the distant metastatic lesions were confined to the right side of the body.     

Surgical treatment of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland warrant consideration because of the potential for facial nerve injury occurring with surgical treatment and the risk of malignant conversion. Forty-eight cases of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma treated at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, between 1935 and 1975 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of surgical procedures for recurrence were determined with respect to tumor control and resultant facial nerve function. Malignant conversion developed in three (6%) of 48 cases. The results of this study underscore the importance of adequate surgical excision of initial recurrences as well as primary tumors to prevent tumor recidivism. Tumor control rates and facial nerve preservation are enhanced with formal parotidectomy for recurrent tumor when feasible. In cases in which facial nerve identification and dissection is not possible, en bloc total parotidectomy offers effective, though not absolute, control of extensive recurrence.     

The case of gigantic pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

The authors describe case of big size pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. This tumor lead to cachexia and to elimination of life in society. Attention was paid on the surgical treatment of pleomorphic adenomas by superficial or total parotidectomies. Possibility of the post operative complications avoidance, even in such big cases was emphasized. Recurrence was not observed during 10 months follow up. Use of surgical treatment make that the patient was able to return to her previous job.     

The significance of the margin in parotid surgery for pleomorphic adenoma

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Superficial parotidectomy dramatically reduced the high rates of tumor recurrence that occurred with simple enucleation of parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PPA). However, there is not agreement in the medical literature confirming the exact margin of parotid tissue to be resected to avoid recurrence. Worldwide, SP and/or partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) is commonly practiced for the treatment of PPA. In Europe and Asia, reports covering a spectrum from total parotidectomy (TP) to extracapsular dissection (ECD) are common. The outcomes (capsular exposure, tumor-facial nerve interface, capsular rupture, recurrence, facial nerve dysfunction, and Frey syndrome) from surgical treatment of mobile, superficial PPA smaller than 4 cm are not significantly altered by surgical approach (TP, PSP, or ECD). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective series of pathological specimens were correlated with their clinical outcomes to compare TP, PSP, and ECD. Historical data review and meta-analysis were also performed. METHODS: Matched pairs of 60 pathological specimens of PPA (20 cases treated by TP, PSP, and ECD, respectively) were compared for capsular exposure and the degree of cellularity of tumors. Statistical analysis of the respective rates of tumor-facial nerve interface, capsular rupture, recurrence, permanent and transient facial nerve dysfunction, and Frey syndrome was performed. RESULTS: Focal capsular exposure occurs in virtually all parotid surgery for PPA, regardless of the type of operation (margin). Dissecting PPA from the facial nerve led to a positive margin in 25% of cases. Capsular rupture does result in a significantly higher rate of recurrence and did not vary among surgical approaches (TP, PSP, and ECD). Tumor-facial nerve interface did not vary significantly by surgical approach. A less complete parotidectomy did not result in a higher rate of recurrence. Less parotid tissue sacrifice did not result in a lower rate of permanent facial nerve dysfunction, although it did result in significantly less transient facial nerve dysfunction and Frey syndrome. Hypocellular tumors did not have a higher incidence of capsular rupture or recurrence. Multicentric PPA was not identified in the clinically negative deep lobe for TP specimens. The most common cause of recurrence for PPA today is enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: The major outcomes of surgical treatment for small PPA (capsular exposure, tumor-facial nerve interface, capsular rupture, recurrence, and permanent facial nerve dysfunction) are not significantly altered by the amount of parotid tissue sacrifice (TP, PSP, or ECD). More complete parotidectomy results in higher rates of transient facial nerve dysfunction and Frey syndrome. Focal capsular exposure occurs in virtually all cases of parotid surgery for PPA. Dissecting PPA from the facial nerve results in cases with positive margins because of incomplete capsule or perforating pseudopodia. Few separations of pseudopodia from the main tumor occur with expertly performed contemporary parotid surgery because most of the PPA has a margin of normal parotid tissue. Minimal margin surgery in ECD is not recommended.     

区域性切除在腮腺多形性腺瘤手术中的临床应用

目的探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤保留腮腺主导管的区域性切除的可行性。方法对32例腮腺多形性腺瘤进行区域性切除,保留腮腺主导管。结果随访3年～6年无复发,暂时性面神经损伤率为3.1%,术侧腮腺导管唾液引流通畅。结论对腮腺多形性腺瘤,特别是一些小的多形性腺瘤,保留腮腺主导管的区域性切除,能较好地保留残余腮腺的功能及保护面神经。     

Agenesis of the unilateral parotid gland associated with pleomorphic adenoma of the contralateral parotid gland

Congenital absence of the parotid gland is extremely infrequent. We present here a case of unilateral parotid gland agenesis with pleomorphic adenoma of the contralateral parotid gland. Even though pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumour of the parotid gland, to our knowledge this is the first case of these two conditions being seen together.     

Analysis of 216 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent benign tumour of the salivary glands. The most common localization is the parotid gland. The authors present a clinical analysis of the group of 216 patients, who was treated in ENT Department and who was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma. The frequency of incidence of mixed tumours is 50.70% of all 426 cases of parotid gland's tumours. In 92, 13% cases the tumours was localized in the superficial part, only in 7.87% in deep part of the gland. Sixteen patient was operated on because of the recurrence of mixed tumours. In one case we observed the syndrome of the auriculotemporal nerve. The temporary paresis of facial nerve after operation occurred in 19 patients. We don't noticed the incidence of salivary fistula in our material.     

腮腺多形性腺瘤手术方式的选择

目的 探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤手术术式的选择。方法 对复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科1996年1月—2003年12月手术的62例腮腺多形性腺瘤患者的病史进行回顾性分析并进行随访，分析内容包括病程、肿瘤大小、术式及切除范围、术后病理、术后复发情况及并发症等。结果 在60例肿瘤最大径小于4cm的患者中，44例行腮腺浅叶切除术、16例行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术，另外2例肿瘤大于4cm的患者行腮腺全切除术。随访中所有患者术后均未发生肿瘤复发。术后病理检查示6例（10％）部分区域包膜不完整，28例（45％）细胞生长活跃，偶见核分裂象，部分区域包膜有浸润。2例（4．5％）行腮腺浅叶切除术的患者术后出现术侧暂时性面神经麻痹，16例行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术的患者无1例发生面神经麻痹，经统计学检验，上述两组患者术后面神经麻痹发生率的差异无统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法，P=0．534）。8例（18％）行腮腺浅叶切除术的患者术后出现Frey综合征，2例（13％）行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术的患者术后出现Frey综合征，经统计学检验，上述两组患者术后Frey综合征发生率的差异无统计学意义（校正卡方检验，P=0．896）。2例行腮腺全切除术的患者均出现Frey综合征，62例中Frey综合征的总发生率为19．3％（12／62）。结论 对于肿瘤最大径小于4cm的腮腺多形性腺瘤，行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术是安全的，既可取得与腮腺浅叶切除术相同的疗效，又可减少术后面神经麻痹和Frey综合征的发生率。