斜T形锁定钢板治疗桡尺骨远端不稳定型骨折

目的评价用“AO”的桡骨远端斜T形锁定钢板系统固定桡骨远端骨折疗效。方法6例有移位桡骨远端粉碎骨折,且伴有下尺桡关节损伤的不稳定型骨折,其中1例为双手骨折,共7侧。按1upiter分类：关节内三部分4例,关节内四部分3例。采用掌侧Henry路,切开复位,锁定钢板,螺钉内固定,修复下尺桡背侧韧带、三角纤维软骨,并固定尺骨茎突。结果随访8～14个月,平均1．01年。按Gartland—werler腕关节评分：优4例,良2侧,可1侧,优良率85．7％。结论对于有移位桡骨远端粉碎骨折,且伴有下尺桡关节损伤的不稳定性骨折,采用掌侧Henry2v路,切开复位,锁定钢板,螺钉内固定,修复下尺桡背侧韧带、三角纤维软骨,并固定尺骨茎突是一种理想的治疗方法。     

切线位X线透视在桡骨远端骨折内固定术中的应用

目的探讨切线位X线透视在桡骨远端骨折内固定术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2017-06行切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗的100例桡骨远端骨折,术中采用切线位X线透视(切线位包括斜侧位和腕掌屈切线位),提高了钢板螺钉置入的准确性。结果 100例均获得随访,随访时间平均8.2(6~9)个月。DR片显示骨折均骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均3.4(3~4)个月。随访期间均未发生螺钉穿出关节面、螺钉松动、钢板断裂等并发症。末次随访时采用腕关节功能Dienst评分标准评定疗效:优86例,良12例,可1例,差1例,优良率98.0%。结论桡骨远端骨折内固定术中采用切线位X线透视可准确观察到钢板螺钉位置,避免螺钉进入桡腕关节或下尺桡关节。     

掌侧与背侧入路切开复位内固定治疗AO23-C2型桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的比较掌侧入路与背侧入路切开复位内固定治疗AO 23-C2型桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-09—2013-09采用掌侧入路与背侧入路切开复位内固定治疗的28例AO 23-C2型桡骨远端骨折。掌侧入路17例均采用Henry切口,斜T形掌侧钢板内固定;背侧入路11例采用背侧纵形切口,双微型锁定钢板内固定。结果 28例均获得随访12~18个月,平均14.5个月。掌侧入路组手术时间较背侧入路组短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组骨折愈合时间、术后1年腕关节主动活动度差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);背侧入路组DASH评分优于掌侧入路组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论掌侧入路与背侧入路治疗AO 23-C2型桡骨远端骨折均可取得良好的疗效,手术入路的选择需要根据术前CT评估骨折块移位情况及术者的经验。     

掌背侧联合入路分步复位内固定治疗AO-C3型桡骨远端骨折

目的 探讨掌背侧联合入路并掌背侧分步复位内固定治疗AO-C3型桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效与手术方法。方法回顾性分析自2016-02—2021-03采用掌背侧联合入路并掌背侧分步复位内固定治疗的17例单发AO-C3型桡骨远端骨折,所有病例均先行掌侧Henry入路,显露桡骨远端掌侧关节面骨折块后,复位掌侧骨折块并先行锁定板单皮质锁定钉内固定,然后取背侧切口显露背侧、桡骨茎突骨折块和关节面塌陷骨折块,以掌侧骨块复位后的关节面为参照来复位骨折块并固定。比较双侧掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度、腕关节屈伸范围、尺桡偏、前臂旋转活动度、握力,采用DASH评分和与Mayo腕关节功能评分评价腕关节功能。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～27个月,平均15.3个月。所有骨折均愈合,无感染和血管神经损伤发生。术后3、6、12周患侧的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度与健侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访时患侧的腕关节屈伸范围、尺桡偏、前臂旋转活动度、握力与健侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访时患侧DASH评分平均36.9(32～42)分,Mayo腕关节功能评分平均89.5(81...     

两种不同内固定方法治疗背侧移位桡骨远端“C”型骨折疗效分析

[目的]探讨掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板和桡背侧双锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗背侧移位桡骨远端"C"型骨折的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析本院2010年6月²012年6月收治的桡骨远端"C"型骨折40例,采用掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗20例,采用桡背侧双锁定加压钢板治疗20例,比较两种内固定方法的临床疗效。[结果]40例患者均获随访,随访时间62012年6月收治的桡骨远端"C"型骨折40例,采用掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板内固定方法治疗20例,采用桡背侧双锁定加压钢板治疗20例,比较两种内固定方法的临床疗效。[结果]40例患者均获随访,随访时间6¹8个月,平均12个月。腕关节功能按conney评分方法评价,放射学评价按改良Lidstrom-Radiographic标准评价。腕关节功能评价掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板组优良率60%,桡背侧双锁定加压钢板组优良率90%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。放射学评价掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板组掌倾角(9.50±2.37)°,尺偏角(17.80±2.48)°,桡骨高度(9.50±2.83)mm,关节面台阶(2.00±1.30)mm;桡背侧双锁定加压钢板组掌倾角(11.05±2.06)°,尺偏角(20.10±2.34)°,桡骨高度(11.25±2.02)mm,关节面台阶(1.10±0.72)mm。两组掌倾角、尺偏角、关节面台阶、桡骨高度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症比较,术后早期并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后远期并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]对于背侧移位桡骨远端"C"型骨折,桡背侧双锁定加压钢板内固定方法腕关节功能恢复优于掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板内固定方法,桡背侧双锁定加压内固定术术后桡骨远端关节面恢复优于掌侧"T"型锁定加压钢板内固定。两种内固定方法早、远期并发症无明显差别。     

掌侧斜T型钛板固定治疗严重移位Barton骨折

目的 探讨应用掌侧入路结合斜T型钛板固定治疗严重移位桡骨远端Barton骨折的疗效.方法 对11例严重移位桡骨远端Barton骨折,采用掌侧入路,腕关节面严格解剖复位后,行掌侧斜T型钛板固定.结果 术后随访6个月至3年,平均23.6个月,骨折均在术后3～4个月内愈合.根据腕关节功能评分标准(Gartland-Werley评分)评定:优8例,良2例,可1例;优良率为90.9%.按PRWE评分均在30分以内.结论 对严重移位桡骨远端Barton骨折,应采用手术方法治疗,经掌侧入路结合斜T型钛板固定治疗,可明显缩短治疗时间.     

桡侧腕屈肌入路解剖型掌侧锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端早期陈旧骨折

目的 探讨桡侧腕屈肌入路解剖型掌侧锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端早期陈旧骨折的疗效.方法 采用桡侧腕屈肌入路解剖型掌侧锁定接骨板治疗19例桡骨远端早期陈旧骨折患者.比较术前和末次随访时桡骨短缩、尺偏角、掌倾角以及腕关节活动度.末次随访时采用Fernandez评分评价腕关节功能.结果 患者均获得随访,时间6～12(8.0±1.8...     

掌背侧不同入路联合斜T形接骨板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的比较掌背侧不同手术入路治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的临床疗效。方法将43例桡骨远端C型骨折患者按骨块移位方向和骨折类型不同分为掌侧入路组(24例)和背侧入路组(19例),对两组骨折愈合情况、桡骨尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度、腕关节活动度及功能进行比较。结果 43例均获得随访,时间8～15个月。骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。术后1、6个月桡骨尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度两组与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组桡骨掌倾角术后6个月与术后1个月比较差异有统计学意义(P=0. 042)。末次随访时,腕关节背伸、掌屈、桡偏、尺偏、旋前、旋后活动度两组比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组腕关节功能优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0. 950)。结论掌背侧不同入路联合斜T形接骨板治疗桡骨远端C型骨折疗效相当。临床治疗中应按患者适应条件、骨折情况等确定个性化治疗方案。     

不同入路锁定钢板内固定术治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床观察

目的观察不同入路锁定钢板内固定术治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效差异。方法以80例AO-C型桡骨远端骨折患者为研究对象,分为研究组(40例)和对照组(40例),对照组患者行掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定术,研究组患者行掌背侧联合入路锁定钢板内固定术。统手术结果两组术中出血量、住院时间及骨折愈合时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后即刻,两组掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨高检测数值均显著高于治疗前水平(P0.05),且组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),术后12个月,研究组上述参数均显著高于对照组水平(P0.05);研究组腕关节功能评分总体优良率(95.00%)显著高于对照组结论掌背侧联合入路锁定钢板内固定术治疗桡骨远端骨折更有利于减少掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨高丢失,促进腕关节功能恢复。     

桡骨远端C3.1型骨折的手术方式探讨

目的 探讨桡骨远端C3.1型骨折的手术入路及固定方法. 方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年8月收治且获得随访的40例桡骨远端C3.1型骨折患者资料,男17例,女23例;年龄47～65岁(平均58.2岁).根据手术入路不同分为掌侧入路组(25例,单纯掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定11例,掌侧入路加背侧辅助切口克氏针、螺钉内固定14例)和背侧入路组(15例,均采用背侧入路锁定钢板内固定),比较两组患者的骨折愈合时间、术后12个月掌倾角、尺偏角及桡骨茎突高度,以及术后6、24个月腕关节活动度.结果 40例患者术后获平均2.3年(2.0～2.5年)随访.两组患者骨折愈合时间[(8.1±2.2)、(8.3±1.7)周]、术后12个月掌倾角(9.3°±2.1°、9.5°±1.7°)、尺偏角(20.0°±2.7°、18.7°±2.5°)、桡骨茎突高度[(8.6±2.9)、(7.9±2.3) mm]比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后6个月背侧入路组腕关节掌屈(58.3°±1.7°)、背伸(55.0°±1.6°)活动度较掌侧入路组(67.5°±2.0°、59.2°±1.9°)差,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组患者旋前、旋后活动度差异无统计学意义(P＞0 05);术后24个月两组患者腕关节活动度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).背侧入路组1例术后1个月出现骨折复位丢失,3例于术后1年取出内固定物. 结论 与背侧入路锁定钢板内固定相比,掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定(或加背侧辅助切口)治疗桡骨远端C3.1型骨折可以更好地恢复和维持关节面骨折块的复位,术后并发症少,更有利于早期进行功能锻炼.     

Tangential views of the articular surface of the distal radius—aid to open reduction and internal fixation of fractures

Open reduction and internal fixation of comminuted, displaced intra-articular or potentially unstable fractures of the distal radius with plate and screws has increasingly become a favoured treatment. Intra-operative assessment of fixation with the help of an image intensifier has always been difficult because of the anatomy of the distal radius. Imaging of the implants placed as distal as possible to achieve satisfactory fixation often shows the screws to be penetrating the joint. We describe two new radiographic views of the wrist joint, which we used intra-operatively in ten patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. Screws were thought to have been penetrating the joint in the standard lateral views of all of them and in the standard antero-posterior views of eight of them.

However, no screw was seen penetrating the joint in these new views. It was hence possible to place the plate distal enough to enable the screws to engage the sub-chondral bone. We recommend the use of these views in the open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures.     

Arthritis predicting factors in distal intraarticular radius fractures

Introduction

Intra-articular malunion with step off and gap formation is claimed to be crucial for radiocarpal degeneration. In addition to well-defined intraarticular malunion, the shape of the distal radius is important for unaffected wrist function. In typical intra-articular fracture patterns with a dorsoulnar and palmar ulnar fragment, alterations of the shape of the articular surface, in a kind of a cavity, without obvious step off can be observed. The aim of the present study is to determine the residual articular deformity following intra-articular radius fractures and to analyze their impact on the final clinical and radiological outcome.

Materials and methods

Eighty one patients with dorsally displaced distal intraarticular radius fractures were followed up for a mean period of 9 years. Surgical treatment of all patients included open reduction, plate fixation and corticocancellous bone grafting. Radiological measurements included palmar tilt, radial inclination and radial shortening as defined by ulnar variance, intra-articular Stepps and the measurement of the anteroposterior distance of the radial joint surface. Clinical assessment included active range of motion (ARM) of the wrist, pain according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), grip power, working ability, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH Score).

Results

Articular malunion in the form of a cavity in the sagittal plane measured 4.8?mm, 1.3?mm more than on the non-injured side. Anteroposterior distance measured 20.6?mm, 2.1?mm more than on the non-injured side. Articular step-off and gap was noticed in 11 patients. At the final follow-up examination, there was a significant difference in articular cavity depth and the anteroposterior distance between arthritis stage I and II. Arthritis stage was associated with the range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane, but had no significant influence on the DASH, pain level, grip strength and ROM in the frontal plane.

Conclusion

ORIF leads to predictable results in the restoration of length and form of the distal radius. Increasing the articular cavity depth should be avoided to prevent degenerative arthritis at the radiocarpal joint at long-term follow-up visits.     

Palmar plating with the locking compression plate for dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius--first clinical experiences

Injuries and irritation of extensor tendons are common problems in the treatment of fractures of the distal radius when plating is used via a dorsal approach. By the development of locking compression plates the possibility of palmar plating for dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius is available. In this study our first clinical experiences using the 3.5 mm radius locking compression plate (LCP) are reported. Between February 2002 and September 2002 24 patients with dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius were treated using a palmar approach with the LCP and included in a prospective study. The mean age of the patients was 52 years (28-87 years). Six weeks and six months after surgery a clinical assessment was done, the range of motion of the injured wrist was measured, and an X-ray control of the injured joint was performed. The preliminary results demonstrate the option of early functional treatment using the locking compression plate. Most of the patients had a good to excellent range of motion of the injured wrist which resulted in an early return to former activity. There were few intra- and postoperative complications. No irritation of the median nerve, no infection was observed. In one case a screw which was placed intraarticularly was removed prematurely. The palmar locking compression plate has been proven as a safe and effective implant for the treatment of dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius.     

Palmar locking plate for treatment of unstable dorsal dislocated distal radius fractures

Introduction This study investigates the clinical and radiological results of open reduction and internal fixation of unstable distal radial fractures using a palmar placed interlocking plate system with no substitutes for treatment of the dorsal metaphyseal fracture void.Materials and methods Nineteen patients with a mean age of 61 years (range 49–78 years) and a dorsally displaced distal radial fracture were treated using a palmar placed 2.4 mm interlocking plate system. All 17 women and 2 men were followed up according to the study protocol. Standardised radiographs in anteroposterior and lateral projection were performed before reduction and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Radiological measurements included palmar tilt, radial inclination and radial shortening as defined by ulnar variance and intra-articular steps. Clinical assessment included active range of motion (ARM) of the wrist, pain according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), grip power, working ability, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand-Score (DASH Score) and Mayo Wrist Score.Results At final follow-up after a minimum of 11 months, the palmar tilt was +1°, radial inclination 19.8° and ulnar variance 1.0 mm. Mean loss of palmar tilt measured 1.9°, radial inclination 1.3° and ulnar variance 0.4 mm. Mean wrist extension measured 58°, wrist flexion 41°, pronation 83° and supination 84°. The Mayo Wrist Score showed 21% excellent, 58% good, 16% fair and 5% poor results.Conclusion The treatment of unstable, dorsally dislocated, distal radius fractures AO types A3, C1 and C2, with a palmar placed 2.4 mm interlocking plate system and without additional treatment of the metaphyseal defects showed good radiological and functional results with minimal loss of reduction.     

Volar plating in distal radius fractures: A prospective clinical study on efficacy of dorsal tangential views to avoid screw penetration

PurposeThe purpose of this prospective cohort study of patients treated with volar plating for distal radius fractures is to evaluate the efficacy (defined as detection rate, or the ability to detect dorsally protruding screws) of additional dorsal tangential views (DTV) after obtaining standard anteroposterior (AP) and elevated lateral views by evaluating the change in intraoperative strategy in 100 patients.Materials and methods100 patients aged 18 years and older undergoing volar plating for acute extra- or intra- articular distal radius fractures were prospectively enrolled. Intraoperative fluoroscopy views, including AP, elevated lateral and DTV were obtained. Intraoperative –screw– revision frequency for dorsal screw protrusion, screw position relative to volar plate and to dorsal compartment, and screw lengths were evaluated.ResultsAdditional DTV led to a change of intraoperative management in 31 of 100 (31%) of patients. A total of 35 out of 504 screws (6.9%) were changed. Screws in the two most radial screws in the plate were at the highest risk of being revised; 16 (46%) screws in most radial position and nine (26%) screws in the 2nd from radial position were revised. Furthermore, five (14%) screws in both the 2nd from ulnar and most ulnar screw holes were revised after DTV. No screws were revised in the central hole. The median length of revised protruding screws was 22 mm (range, 12–26 mm), and these were changed to a mean length of 20 mm (range, 10–22 mm).ConclusionIn this prospective series of 100 patients, obtaining additional DTV is found to be efficacious as it led to change in intraoperative strategy in one-third of patients. We concur with previous pilot studies that DTV, after obtaining conventional AP and elevated lateral views, is advised to avoid dorsally protruding screws, which could minimise the potential for iatrogenic extensor tendon rupture after volar plating for distal radius fractures. Diagnostic accuracy of DTV is subject of a subsequent prospective cohort study with post-operative CT to serve as the reference standard.Level of evidence.Prognostic I     

Fehlklassifikation extraartikulärer distaler Radiusfrakturen in konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen

Thirty-five displaced fractures of the distal radius, classified by standard radiographs as extra-articular type A2 and A3 fractures according to the AO classification, were investigated before operative treatment by computed tomography. The comparative analysis surprisingly revealed an involvement of the articular surface of the distal radius in 57%. The intra-articular fractures were classified after CT as C1 in 15%, C2 in 65%, and C3 in 20%. The distal radioulnar joint was involved in 80% of the type C injuries and showed a dorsal subluxation in 17% of all cases. Similar to the results of type A2 and A3 fractures, type B and C fractures of the distal radius also may be underestimated in standard radiographs. This concerns important components such as the involvement of the radiocarpal joint surface and concomitant injuries of the distal radioulnar joint. Since joint congruency is an important predictor of outcome, CT scanning should be used more generously for planning and controlling surgical therapy.     

Plating of the distal radius

Distal radius fractures are common injuries that can be treated by a variety of methods. Restoration of the distal radius anatomy within established guidelines yields the best short- and long-term results. Guidelines for acceptable reduction are (1) radial shortening < 5 mm, (2) radial inclination > 15 degrees , (3) sagittal tilt on lateral projection between 15 degrees dorsal tilt and 20 degrees volar tilt, (4) intra-articular step-off < 2 mm of the radiocarpal joint, and (5) articular incongruity < 2 mm of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius. Treatment options range from closed reduction and immobilization to open reduction with plates and screws; options are differentiated based on their ability to reinforce and stabilize the three columns of the distal radius and ulna. Plating allows direct restoration of the anatomy, stable internal fixation, a decreased period of immobilization, and early return of wrist function. Buttress plates reduce and stabilize vertical shear intra-articular fractures through an antiglide effect, where-as conventional and locking plates address metaphyseal comminution and/or preserve articular congruity/reduction. With conventional and locking plates, intra-articular fractures are directly reduced; with buttress plates, the plate itself helps reduce the intra-articular fracture. Complications associated with plating include tendon irritation or rupture and the need for plate removal.     

Screw prominences related to palmar locking plating of distal radius

Fixation of unstable distal radius fractures with palmar locking plates provides a stable reduction and early return of function, but complications arising from unrecognized dorsally prominent screws penetrating the extensor compartments are increasingly reported. Standard radiographs and fluoroscopy may not adequately visualize screw lengths, owing to the complex shape of the dorsum of the distal radius. We examined 46 distal radius fractures treated with palmar locking plates by ultrasound. Of the total 230 locking screws, 59 protruded from the dorsal cortical surface by 0.5 mm or more (range 0.5-6.1 mm). The first extensor compartment was violated by one screw, the second compartment by 22 screws, the third compartment by 15 screws, and the fourth compartment by 21 screws. Asymptomatic tenosynovitis was detected in four and symptomatic tenosynovitis in 14 of the 59 prominent screws. Ultrasound imaging may be useful in cases where intra-articular and/or comminuted fractures require distal plate placement and engagement of screws in the dorsal cortex.     

特殊透视方法在掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折中的临床应用

目的：通过术中附加透视拍摄侧斜位X线片观察桡骨远端螺钉与腕关节面关系及腕背切线位X线片观察远端螺钉是否穿出背侧皮质,从而评价掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法：自2020年1月至2021年6月,手术采用掌侧Henry入路治疗新鲜桡骨远端骨折45例,其中男20例,女25例,年龄32～75(52.4±8.1)岁。术中根据不同透视方法分为两组：对照组20例,为单纯透视拍摄标准正侧位X线片;观察组25例,在透视拍摄标准正侧位X线片基础上附加透视拍摄侧斜位X线片及腕背切线位X线片。观察两组术后6周及3、 6个月腕关节功能评分和术后并发症发生情况。结果：45例患者均获得随访,时间为6～14(10.8±1.7)个月,患者切口愈合良好,均获得骨性愈合。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。腕关节功能Gartland-Werley评分,观察组术后6周（4.58±1.31）分、3个月（2.98±0.63）分、6个月（1.95±0.65）分,均优于对照组术后6周（6.32±1.96）分、3个月（3.63±0.76）分、6个月（2.43±0.73）分,差异具有统计学意义（P<0....     

Open reduction and internal fixation of intra articular and unstable fractures of the distal radius using the AO distal radius plate

This study reports the results of open reduction and internal fixation of 25 dorsally displaced distal radial fractures using a specifically designed plate for the distal radius, the AO pi plate (Synthes Ltd, Paoli, USA). Twenty-one of these fractures were complex and intra-articular (AO Type 'C'). Measurement of range of motion of the affected wrist at an average follow-up of 16 months revealed a median return of 60 degrees of wrist extension, 40 degrees of wrist flexion, 90 degrees of pronation and 90 degrees of supination. Radiographic assessment revealed restoration of normal radial length, inclination and palmar tilt in all but six cases. The final outcome, as assessed by the Gartland and Werley scale, was excellent in four cases, good in 11, and fair in ten cases. Complications were seen in five patients.