工业无机氟污染及对人体健康危害的调查报告

本文调查了长沙市冶金、化工、轻工、电器等4个行业,包括31个工厂的104个点和1569名工人受无机氟的危害情况。结果发现:冶金、化工行业氟污染超标率较高,尤以电焊工序最突出;诊断氟病观察对象77例,占4.9%;工业性氟病19例,占1.2%;行业间患病率有显著性差异。针对早期诊断指标进行探讨,发现胫腓骨骨周改变较骨盆骨小梁、骨质密度改变明显,且高于对照组,但骨骼系统损害不及其他系统早。     

Epidemiological study of chronic bronchitis with special reference to effect of air pollution

Summary From 1962 to 1969 an investigation on chronic bronchitis was conducted to clarify the chronic influence of air pollution to human health in 9 areas selected from Osaka and Hyogo prefectures showing different degrees of air pollution.Self-administered questionnaire based upon the standard of the British Medical Research Council's Committee was distributed to every residents over 40 years of age in surveyed areas. The questionnaires numbered 36374 with response rate of 85.9%.Cases of chronic bronchitis were diagnosed from the responded following the Fletcher's criteria of chronic bronchitis. Those cases were asked to take further examinations consisting of doctor's direct interview by the standardized questionnaire by the British Medical Research Council's Committee, chest X-ray test, pulmonary function test by McKenson's Vitalor and other optional medical examinations. At the same time, some apparently normal subjects and some other who had less severe symptoms of sputum, cough and/or short breath were likewise medically checked up as the controls.From this investigation, it became clear that the prevalence of chronic bronchitis is influenced by age, smoking and air pollution (sulfur dioxide). The relation among age, smoking and air pollution with the prevalence of chronic bronchitis is mathematically analysed as follows: Y=1.94+10^–4 · 3 · N(x –20)²–3.18 where Y: prevalence of chronic bronchitis, N: smoking quantity per day, : sulfur dioxide, x: age.     

武汉市农村地区饮用水藻类污染状况调查

目的了解武汉市农村地区饮用水藻类污染状况。方法以武汉市郊黄陂、蔡甸两个区的饮用水为样本,鉴定种类,藻类计数和测定微囊藻毒素,并与同期汉江水厂,长江水厂及东湖水水样做对比分析。结果武汉市农村地区饮用水中的藻类分布以绿藻和硅藻为主,蓝藻次之,但有微囊藻、颤藻等可能产毒的种类检出,藻类数量远高于长江水和汉江水,此次调查微囊藻毒素均未超过现有标准规定的1.0μg/L。结论农村的水质状况较差,应积极开展农村饮用水藻类污染监测。     

Acute intestinal infections in children in areas with industrial environmental air pollution

Acute intestinal infections were clinically and epidemiologically studied in children residing in the towns with different quantitative and qualitative composition of ambient air pollutants and in the districts of a town, which differ in the level of technogenic ambient air pollution. Six hundred and eighty patients with different types of shigellosis and 421 patients with salmonellosis admitted to the infection hospitals of the towns of Angarsk (an intensively polluted locality) and Irkutsk (a better ecological area) were examined in 1995 to 2000. The technogenic ambient air pollution was found to exert a noticeable impact on the incidence with S. sonnei dysentery. In poor environmental areas, all the infections under study are characterized by a great burden, duration, more severe clinical symptoms, and poor laboratory changes in the presence of a decreased responsiveness.     

邯郸市农村集中供水微生物污染状况调查

目的全面了解邯郸市农村集中供水微生物污染状况,为改善农村生活饮用水的卫生质量提供依据。方法分别在枯水期和丰水期对我市6个县的108个自然村集中式供水的水源水和末梢水进行监测,按GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》检测菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌;依据GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价。结果邯郸市农村集中式供水微生物指标总合格率48.38%,其中细菌总数合格率为最低为50.93%。结论邯郸市农村生活饮用水微生物污染严重,有导致肠道传染病暴发流行的安全隐患,望政府加大农村供水设施建设的投入和对农村饮水卫生的监管力度,以保障农村居民饮水安全。     

济宁农村地区先天性心脏病患儿致家庭负担情况调查研究

先天性心脏病(Congenital Heart Disease,CHD)作为一种常见的出生缺陷,由于患儿治疗及康复费用较高,加之生活需要照料,往往会给家庭,尤其是农村地区家庭带来一定的负担.文章通过采用一般访谈结合90项症状清单(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)及生活质量综合问卷(Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74,GQOLI-74)对济宁农村地区CHD患儿家庭成员经济负担、精神负担情况进行调查,可有效了解农村地区CHD患儿致家庭负担情况,并为今后开展出生缺陷预防工作提供良好的理论依据及数据支持.