徐州市城市居民生活垃圾产生量研究

探讨了影响徐州市城市居民生活垃圾产生量的因素:内在因素、个体因素、社会因素.其中内在因素居主导地位,首先表现在城市规模越大,聚居人13越多,产生的垃圾量也越多,其次随着生活水平提高,徐州市城市居民GDP的增长,城市居民生活垃圾产生量明显增加;个体因素包括个体的行为习惯、生活方式、受教育程度等对垃圾产生量的影响;社会因素主要表现在有关垃圾减量、回收、再利用等措施的实施.建立并研究了人均GDP预测模型,该模型可以预测未来徐州市城市居民生活垃圾产生量.     

基于主成分分析的生活垃圾产生量模型研究

分析了城市生活垃圾产生量的影响因素,从中选取了6项主要影响因素,研究了它们与城市生活垃圾产生量之间的关系;根据合肥市城市生活垃圾产生量的统计数据,运用主成分分析法对6项指标进行了综合分析,并研究其贡献率,提取出综合因子;针对城市生活垃圾产生量的增长特点,运用一元线性回归方法对综合因子进行拟合,建立了基于主成分分析的城市生活垃圾产生量模型;对合肥市2010年及2015年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。     

组合模型在城市生活垃圾产生量预测中的应用

分析了1996-2008年厦门市生活垃圾产生量的变化特性及其影响因素,并利用组合模型预测今后若干年内垃圾产生量.结果表明:近十几年内,厦门市生活垃圾产生量逐年递增,年平均增长率约为10％,岛内垃圾产生量占总量的65％～80％,且垃圾年增长率小于岛外;该市垃圾产生量与城市人口、国民生产总值、社会消费品零售总额和城市居民消...     

上海生活垃圾产生量、组成特性及处置对策研究

对1995-2002年上海城市生活垃圾产生量、组成现状进行了分析。结果表明：垃圾产生量呈上升态势,垃圾组成具有厨余垃圾含量高、可回收物质较少、四季变化较大等特点,并表现出水分偏高、发热量偏低等特性。对影响上海生活垃圾产生量的7个因素进行了分析,利用多元线性回归模型预测了上海生活垃圾产生量。通过对上海城市生活垃圾处置现状及存在问题进行讨论,推荐了适合上海城市发展的生活垃圾处置技术对策和管理对策。     

徐州市城市生活垃圾产生量预测分析

通过对1999—2008年徐州市城市生活垃圾产生量数据的分析,采用灰色预测GM(1,1)方法,对徐州市2009—2018年的城市生活垃圾产生量进行预测,在考虑到城市生活垃圾产生量的主要影响因素之后,运用多元线性回归方法,借助Matlab软件建立了城市生活垃圾产生量预测模型,并对模型的合理性和预测精度进行了分析。     

西安市城市生活垃圾产生量的多元回归及ARIMA模型预测

基于西安市历年来城市生活垃圾产生量及其影响因素的基础数据,通过对其相关系数的计算,确定西安市城市生活垃圾产生量的主要影响因素为人口数量、地区生产总值、城镇居民可支配收入及建成区面积。建立生活垃圾产生量的多元回归预测模型,对模型的合理性和精度进行分析,预测精度可接受,证明多元回归模型可用于城市生活垃圾产生量的预测。引入ARIMA模型,对所需因子进行预测,应用多元回归模型,对西安市2019—2020年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测,结果表明,2019—2020年西安市城市生活垃圾产生量将分别达到4.922×106t、5.219×106t,且这2 a的垃圾产生量增长率将达到6.0%。     

北京市生活垃圾厌氧消化技术应用潜力分析

在分析国内外厌氧消化技术的基础上,结合北京市近年来生活垃圾产生量和成分变化,对其中小区厨余垃圾、宾馆饭店餐饮垃圾以及城市粪便等有机垃圾的产生量及处理现状进行了分析,结果表明厌氧消化技术在生活垃圾处理领域应用潜力巨大。     

上海市生活垃圾产生量预测方法研究

探讨了经济发展、消费水平、人口因素对城市生活垃圾产生量的影响,建立并研究了GDP、TCE(总消费支出)、RTCE(与生活垃圾产出相关的消费支出)等预测模型,其中RTCE修正模型具有重要的应用价值。可以较准确地预测未来上海市生活垃圾产生量变化情况。     

类比法在城市生活垃圾产生量预测中的应用

结合佛山市具体情况,用预测类比法分析了影响城市生活垃圾产生量的因素,用层次分析法选择类比城市并根据其历史数据建立数学模型,利用模型计算生活垃圾人均日产生量并进行修正,最后结合人口、经济发展状况得出生活垃圾产生量预测结果。     

天津市生活垃圾收运设施规划

通过对天津市城市生活垃圾产生量、垃圾成分、发展趋势以及收运模式、转运设施现状的调查分析,预测垃圾产生量,确定发展目标,选择适宜天津市城市发展特性的生活垃圾收运模式,即直运和转运相结合的密闭运输模式,并对天津市生活垃圾收运设施进行了规划。     

北京城市生活垃圾产生量的影响因素研究及预测

统计了北京市2003—2012年城市生活垃圾的产生量,借助SPSS对垃圾产生量可能的影响因素进行了分析,结果表明,垃圾产生量与该地区的人口数量、地区生产总值、人均消费性支出等因素密切相关。为了准确预测垃圾产生量,分别采用多元回归模型和灰色预测模型进行适用性分析,研究发现多元回归分析方法在本研究中的应用违背了"自变量之间互斥性"的原则,不适合产生量预测。运用灰色方法对原始数据通过级比检验、精度分析,确定了GM(1,1)建模的可行性,建立了北京市城市生活垃圾产生量的GM(1,1)灰色预测模型,结果表明预测精度较高,应用此模型对北京市未来几年的城市生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。     

Effects of prevailing conditions during second Palestinian uprising on solid waste management system in Nablus city in Palestine

Since the start of the second Palestinian uprising (Al-Aqsa Intifada), and due to the Israeli activities, curfews, closures, and military checkpoints imposed since 2000, the quality of social services rendered by Nablus city has been gradually deteriorating. Solid waste management in Nablus city was badly affected by these conditions, and this situation is negatively affecting health and damaging the environment. Most of these cases were due to reasons beyond the capability of the municipality with its limited resources. This study revealed that some of the important municipal solid waste (MSW) equipment had been damaged during the uprising. The workforce in the MSW system was reduced and certain MSW-related development projects and activities have been frozen due to the current conditions. The city's medical waste incinerator had been phased out and the number of special medical containers had been reduced from 16 to 10. Some MSW compressing trucks had been out of use with no substitute. Another important figure is the number of waste collection workers which decreased from 420 to 301, although the city is growing in premises as well as population. The created unsanitary solid waste transfer station is now a pollution source on its own, causing an ugly scene at the eastern entrance of Nablus city. There should be a comprehensive and urgent solution for this problem and the needed resources should be invested.     

城镇垃圾产生量最优组合预测研究

提出了应用于预测城镇垃圾产生量的最优组合模型。该模型通过把可用的单项预测模型值进行两两逐一组合分析，以误差平方和最小为准则。求出最优加权组合系数，建立组合预测模型。通过实例分析，表明其预测值比参加组合的任一单项模型预测值更为精确，该方法在城镇垃圾产生量预测中有一定的应用价值。     

浅析城市生活垃圾收运系统中的数学模型

简述了城市生活垃圾产生量的3种预测方法，即单指数平滑法、线形回归分析法、灰色系统模型分析法，并参照物流配送系统对运输车辆的优化调度，建立了垃圾收运的优化模型。     

城市生活垃圾产生量及组分的预测方法研究

分析了城市生活垃圾产生量及组分的影响因素,提出以居民各类消费为指标建立城市生活垃圾产生量和组分的预测模型.对上海的实例分析表明,可得到较好的预测结果.     

Health survey on workers and residents near the municipal waste and industrial waste incinerators in Korea

Hazardous substances, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) also have been detected in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and industrial waste incinerators in Korea. In this study, we estimated the exposure status of these hazardous substances and their heath effects in workers and residents near the MSW incinerators and residents near the industrial waste incinerators. We interviewed 13 workers and 16 residents from the area around the two MSW incinerators, and further 10 residents from the area around one industrial waste incinerator, which is suspected to emit higher hazardous substances. During the interview we collected information including sociodemographic information, personal habits, work history, detailed gynecologic and other medical history. Blood samples from 45 subjects were also collected for analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs, which were analyzed by HRGC-HRMS (High Resolution Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometer). In addition to a questionnaire survey, urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as oxidative injury biomarkers. Urinary concentrations of 8-OH-dG were determined by in vitro ELISA (JAICA, Fukuroi, Japan). MDA were determined by HPLC using adduct with TBA (thiobarbituric acid). The PCDD/F concentrations in residents from the area around industrial waste incinerator were higher than those in workers and residents from the area around MSW incinerator. The average toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in residents from the area around industrial waste incinerator were 53.4 pg I-TEQs/g lipid. The average TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs in workers and residents near MSW incinerator were 12.2 pg I-TEQs/g lipid. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of each person was calculated, and the EDI of all workers and residents near MSW incinerator were within the tolerable daily intake range. But for only 30% of 10 people near the industrial waste incinerator were the EDI within the tolerable daily intake range (1-4 pg I-TEQ/kg bw/day) suggested by WHO (1997). The oxidative stress of residents near the industrial waste incinerator was higher than that in workers and residents from the area around MSW incinerator. This oxidative stress may have been caused by hazardous substances, such as PCDD/Fs emitted by incinerators. The residents from the area around industrial waste incinerator were exposed to hazardous substances such as PCDD/ Fs. Proper protection strategies against these hazardous chemicals are needed.     

湖北省城镇垃圾处理产业化发展研究

基于湖北省社会经济实力、垃圾处理现状和推行产业化的内外部条件,论述了城镇垃圾处理产业化不可能一蹴而就,应该在"两阶段发展"的进程模式下,循序渐进、稳步拓展.首先是初步产业化阶段,其核心是企业化,主要任务是进行城镇垃圾管理体制改革;然后逐步进入全面产业化阶段,即将垃圾处理全面融入市场并形成规模和市场.开征垃圾处理费为社会资本投资收益提供了可靠保证,是垃圾处理产业化发展的必要条件和保证措施.     

城市生活垃圾热解失重特性

采用热解失重（TG）技术考察了山西晋城市城市生活垃圾中不同组分的热解失重特性。通过实验得出了新鲜垃圾中废塑料、废纸、废织物、草木树叶和厨余等不同组分的热解特征参数，如开始快速失重温度（T0）、失重峰温（T1）、快速失重结束温度（T2）和终态失重温度（Tf）。经过对垃圾中不同组分的热解参数进行分析比较，得出了垃圾中不同组分的热解特性。