中老年雄性大鼠心内神经节雄激素受体及其mRNA的表达变化

用免疫组织化学和原位杂交的方法观察成年(3月龄)大鼠和中老年(15月龄)大鼠心内神经节雄激素受体(androgenreceptor,AR)蛋白及其mRNA的表达和变化。结果显示:成年及中老年大鼠心内神经节均存在AR阳性神经元和AR mRNA阳性神经元,但中老年大鼠心内神经节AR阳性神经元和AR mRNA阳性神经元数目明显减少,表达明显降低。这些结果为AR在心脏的存在提供了形态学依据,并且证实心内神经节部分神经元能够合成AR,提示心内神经节可能受雄激素影响。     

雄性大鼠下丘脑雄激素受体蛋白及其mRNA表达的探讨

为了观察雄激素受体 ( AR)蛋白及其 m RNA在大鼠下丘脑的表达 ,本研究采用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法观察了成年 ( 3月龄 )雄性大鼠下丘脑 AR阳性神经元的存在及其表达。结果显示 ,雄激素受体阳性神经元广泛分布于下丘脑诸核 ,尤其是弓状核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、室周核、室旁核 ,阳性神经元多为小细胞。同时在基因水平证实部分下丘脑神经元能合成 AR,提示雄激素可能作用于以上区域。     

5-羟色胺3A型受体在成年小鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中间神经元内的表达

目的:研究5-羟色胺3A型受体(5-HT3Areceptor;5-HT3AR)在杏仁体基底外侧核中间神经元内的表达。方法:以成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠作为材料,利用免疫组织化学技术在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察成年小鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中5-HT3AR在不同类型中间神经元内的表达。结果:杏仁体基底外侧核中分布着大量的5-HT3AR免疫阳性神经元。5-HT3AR在小鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中Calretinin(CR)、血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive in-testinal peptide,VIP)和Reelin免疫阳性的中间神经元中大量表达,而在Calbindin(CB)、Parvalbumin(PV)或Neu-ropeptide Y(NPY)免疫阳性的中间神经元中很少表达。结论:杏仁体基底外侧核中存在5-HT3AR免疫阳性中间神经元,不同类型的中间神经元中5-HT3AR的表达比例不同。     

5-羟色胺3A受体在成年小鼠海马中间神经元中的分布

目的:利用成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠,研究5-羟色胺3A受体(5-HT3AR)在海马中间神经元中的分布情况。方法:成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠经心脏灌注固定后,利用免疫荧光双标记方法,并结合激光共焦显微镜扫描技术,观察5-HT3AR在成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠海马中不同中间神经元内的表达和分布情况。结果:5-HT3AR在成年小鼠整个海马中都有分布,且主要在CA1区、CA2/CA3区和齿状回有大量5-HT3AR免疫阳性细胞;激光共聚焦显微镜下观察到5-HT3AR阳性产物在细胞核、细胞浆和树突上均有表达;免疫荧光双标实验结果表明5-HT3AR阳性产物在CB(calbindin),CR(calretinin),Reelin,Som(somatostatin),NPY(neuropeptide Y)和VIP(vasoactive intestinal peptide)免疫阳性神经元中表达,但在PV(parvalbumin)免疫阳性神经元中不表达。定量结果显示:几乎所有的VIP阳性神经元均表达5-HT3AR阳性,约3/4的CR阳性神经元表达5-HT3AR,约1/2的CB、Reelin、NPY和Som阳性神经元表达5-HT3AR阳性;约1/4的5-HT3AR阳性神经元中表达Reelin,1/5的表达Som,5-HT3AR/CB和5-HT3AR/CR双标神经元各占5-HT3AR阳性神经元的1/10左右。结论:5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠能够作为研究海马中5-HT3AR功能及其在中间神经元中的作用机制研究的工具鼠。     

雄激素替代对去睾丸大鼠基底前脑NOS及Nestin阳性神经元的影响

目的　观察雄激素替代对去睾丸大鼠基底前脑一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)及巢蛋白 (Nestin)阳性神经元的影响。方法　将 2 8只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为 4组 :去势 2 4h雄激素替代组、去势 2w雄激素替代组、去势 2 4h芝麻油替代组及假手术组。用组织化学及免疫组织化学染色方法观察基底前脑NOS和Nestin阳性神经元变化。结果　去势芝麻油替代组内侧隔核 (MS)、斜角带垂直支 (vDB)NOS阳性神经元数明显多于假手术组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;去势 2 4h或 2w行雄激素替代MS和vDBNOS阳性神经元数少于假手术组水平 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ,但去势芝麻油替代或雄激素替代对斜角带水平支 (hDB)的NOS阳性神经元数影响不大 (P >0 .0 5 )。去势芝麻油替代或雄激素替代 ,Nestin阳性神经数的变化趋势与NOS阳性神经元的相似。结论　去睾丸行雄激素替代 ,可选择性地使基底前脑的NOS、Nestin阳性神经元数明显下降 ,但与替代的时程关系不大 ,提示雄激素可能通过其受体下调NOS和Nestin的表达。     

大鼠心内神经节雄激素受体和神经生长因子的共存

目的：研究雄激素受体(AR)N神经生长因子(NGF)的表达,证实它们在心内神经节共存的可能性。方法：免疫细胞化学双重标记技术。结果：切片上观察到3种细胞：(1)AN单标细胞,胞核呈棕褐色;(2)NGF单标细胞,胞浆呈红色;(3)AR／NGF双标细胞,胞核棕褐色,胞浆为红色。双标细胞占全部阳性标记细胞的50％～60％。结论：AR和NGF可共存于同一大鼠心内神经节细胞,提示雄激素和NGF在维持心内神经节的结构和功能方面存在复杂的交互作用。     

睾酮诱导大鼠心肌细胞肥大反应并上调ERK1/2蛋白表达

目的探讨细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2蛋白)在睾酮对大鼠心肌肥大中的作用。方法用差速贴壁法分离及纯化培养新生SD大鼠心肌细胞,以Bradford法测定心肌细胞蛋白质含量,同位素法分析3H-亮氨酸(3H-Leu)掺入,IBAS图像分析心肌细胞表面积,以免疫印迹法检测心肌细胞ERK1/2蛋白表达水平。结果生理浓度的T作用于大鼠心肌细胞24 h后,细胞蛋白质含量3、H-Leu掺入和细胞表面积均增加,其中以10-8mol/L作用最强。雄激素受体拮抗剂氟他胺(Flu)10-5mol/L预处理2 h可抑制T诱导的心肌细胞蛋白质含量的增加,而Flu单独作用对心肌细胞蛋白质含量无影响。ERK1/2信号通路的特异性抑制剂PD98059 50μmol/L预处理2 h,可抑制T诱导的心肌细胞3H-Leu掺入的增加;10-8mol/L T作用24 h使心肌细胞的ERK1/2的蛋白表达显著增加;10-5mol/L Flu预处理2 h可逆转T诱导的心肌细胞ERK1/2蛋白表达的增加。结论生理浓度的T可以诱导心肌细胞肥大反应,该作用可能由ERK1/2信号通路介导。T通过雄激素受体(AR)上调ERK1/2蛋白表达。     

雄激素对大鼠心内神经节神经生长因子表达的影响

目的 观察神经生长因子(NGF)在成年雄性大鼠、雌性大鼠、雌性大鼠睾酮处理组、睾丸切除大鼠、睾丸切除后睾酮替代大鼠心房后壁心内神经节的表达及变化。方法 免疫组织化学染色。结果 各组大鼠心内神经节均存在NGF阳性神经元,但睾丸切除组大鼠心内神经节NGF阳性神经元的数量明显减少,表达明显降低。结论 心内神经节细胞内含NGF;雄激素可能影响心内神经节细胞的NGF表达。     

5-HT及其2A受体在大鼠丘脑前核的表达

目的研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)在大鼠丘脑前核的表达,探讨两者参与学习记忆的形态学依据。方法免疫组织化学ABC法观察5-HT及5-HT2AR在丘脑前核内的表达情况。包埋前免疫电镜技术观察丘脑前核群的5-HT能投射纤维终末。结果免疫组化结果显示:在大鼠丘脑前核群的前、中、后部均可见阳性的5-HT能神经元及大量串珠状的投射纤维终末,其中背侧核(AD)的神经元着色较深,胞体较大,纤维密集,平均光密度值(A值)与腹侧核(AV)的比较差异显著(P0.05);5-HT阳性反应产物主要定位于胞浆内,胞核不着色。包埋前免疫电镜显示:阳性5-HT能轴突终末与树突形成非对称性的轴-树突触。在AD、AV内可见黄色的5-HT2AR阳性神经元,其中AD的神经元胞体较大,着色较AV深,阳性产物灰度值二者比较差异显著(P0.05);阳性产物主要定位于神经元胞膜,胞核不着色。结论 5-HT和5-HT2AR在大鼠丘脑前核表达,在AD、AV的表达强度不同。     

雄激素对大鼠心内神经节白细胞介素-6表达的影响

用免疫组化方法观察成年雄性大鼠、睾丸切除大鼠、睾丸切除后睾酮替代大鼠等的白细胞介素 -6(IL-6)在心内神经节的表达及变化。结果显示 :各组大鼠心内神经节均存在 IL-6阳性神经元 ,但睾丸切除组大鼠心内神经节 IL-6阳性神经元数量明显增多、表达明显增强。结论 :心房后壁心内神经节存在 IL -6,且受雄激素影响 ,提示睾酮可能影响心内神经节 IL -6的表达。     

Androgen receptor mRNA is inversely regulated by testosterone and estradiol in adult mouse brain

Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in different tissues including the brain and is under regulation by sex steroid hormones. It mediates the action of androgen which plays a key role in learning, memory, and other brain functions that deteriorate with increasing age. We have correlated the expression of AR mRNA with its promoter methylation and their regulation by testosterone and estradiol in the brain cortex of adult and old male and female mice. Results revealed that (i) AR mRNA expression was significantly higher in male than in female mice. (ii) In both sexes, AR mRNA level was down-regulated by testosterone in adult and old, but up-regulated by estradiol only in adult mice. (iii) Methylation of AR core promoter was increased by testosterone, but decreased by estradiol. These findings show that AR mRNA expression and its core promoter methylation are inversely regulated by testosterone and estradiol in the adult mice brain cortex. Such regulation of AR expression might influence androgen action during aging of the mice brain.     

人眼睑板腺和Zeis腺性激素受体定性定位的免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨性激素受体在睑板腺和Zeis腺的定性和定位分布。方法采用免疫组织化学技术和DAB显色方法显示雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、雄激素受体（AR）在睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮的表达。结果胎儿4个月睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮呈ER、PR、AR阳性;而儿童至成人组睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮呈ER、AR阳性。各种性激素受体定位同时出现在细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核。ER在睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮阳性表达率在年龄组间比较,均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;PR在睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮阳性表达率在年龄组间比较,均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）：AR在睑板腺上皮阳性表达率在年龄组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,而Zeis腺上皮阳性表达率则有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。ER、PR、AR阳性表达率在胎儿组性别间比较和ER、AR阳性表达率在儿童至成人组性别间比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论胎儿4个月睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮ER、PR、AR即有表达。出生后睑板腺和Zeis腺上皮仅存在ER和AR,以ER为主。ER、PR、AR定位在细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核。     

Androgenic down-regulation of urotensin II precursor, urotensin II-related peptide precursor and androgen receptor mRNA in the mouse spinal cord

We had previously shown that in rat spinal cord motoneurons urotensin II (UII) precursor mRNA was down-regulated by androgens. Very recently, a gene encoding the precursor of a UII analog, termed UII-related peptide (URP), has been identified. Using in situ hybridization, we studied the localization of UII and URP precursor as well as androgen receptor (AR) mRNA in the male mouse thoracic spinal cord. We also evaluated the androgenic regulation of the two peptide precursor and AR mRNA expression in the ventral horn of the mouse thoracic spinal cord. The results revealed that URP precursor mRNA was localized in motoneurons and that the vast majority of the motoneurons expressed both peptide precursor as well as AR mRNA. Seven-day castration induced an increase in UII and URP precursor and AR mRNA levels. Short term (3-24 h) administration of dihydrotestosterone to castrated animals restored the three protein mRNA levels to the levels observed in intact animals. These results suggest that in the ventral horn of the mouse spinal cord both UII and URP precursor and AR mRNA are expressed by the same neurons and that circulating androgens are exerting a down-regulation of the three protein mRNA expression, possibly by a direct action on motoneurons.     

Tissue-specific distribution of the androgen receptor (AR) in the porcine fetus

The aim of this study was to investigate androgen receptor (AR) expression in developing porcine fetuses. The localization of AR was examined on embryos obtained at different days of gestation: days 18, 32, 50, 71, 90 post coitum (p.c.), and in the several tissues collected from the newborn piglets of both sexes. AR expression was first observed on day 32 p.c. in the mesonephron region. RT-PCR did not show AR mRNA on day18 p.c., but the message was present starting from day 32. In the male differentiating gonads and in the male genital ducts AR protein was present at 50, 71 and 90 days of gestation. AR protein was also detected in the cords of stromal cells within the medulla of the ovary and in stromal cells investing the oogonial nests. Pregranulosa cells on day 90 of gestation and on day 1 post partum (p.p.) immunolabelled positively for AR. In the kidney, a number of AR-positive tubules were visible while the mesenchyme in the kidney was AR-negative. Immunoreactive AR was detected predominantly in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the budding component at different stages of gestation of porcine lung. The presence of AR during gestation in non-gonadal tissues suggests a role of androgen in these tissues.     

Expression of estrogen receptors (alpha, beta) and androgen receptor in serotonin neurons of the rat and mouse dorsal raphe nuclei; sex and species differences

Sex steroids have been inferred to be involved in the regulation of affective status at least partly through the serotonergic (5-HT) system, particularly in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which innervates enormous projections to the cerebral cortex and limbic system. In the present study, the expression of estrogen receptors-alpha and -beta (ERalpha, ERbeta), androgen receptor (AR) and 5-HT was examined immunohistochemically in the rat and mouse DRN in both sexes. The results showed that large numbers of ERalpha- and/or ERbeta-immunoreactive (ERalpha-I, ERbeta-I) cells were found in the DRN of both male and female mice, whereas only small numbers of ERalpha-I cells and no ERbeta-I cells were seen in the rat DRN of each sex. With respect to AR-immunoreactive (AR-I) cells, moderate numbers of such cells were present only in male rats and mice, and no or very few could be observed in female ones. The ERalpha-I, ERbeta-I, and AR-I cells were mainly distributed in the rostral DRN. In double-immunostaining, many 5-HT-I neurons were found to show ERalpha and/or ERbeta expression specifically in the rostral DRN (particularly dorsal, ventral and interfascicular parts) of mice of both sexes, but not in that of rats. In contrast, only a few 5-HT neurons were observed to show AR expression in the DRN of both rodents. The current results strongly suggest that sex steroids can modulate the affective regulation of the serotonergic system through ERalpha and/or ERbeta in 5-HT neurons of the mouse rostral DRN (but not so much through AR), and that such effects might be different depending on the sex and species, as shown by the prominent sex differences in AR expression and prominent species differences in ERalpha and ERbeta expression.