多排螺旋CT在胃肠道间质瘤诊断中的价值

目的:分析胃肠道间质瘤CT征象,评价CT的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析13例病理证实为胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)患者的CT平扫和双期增强螺旋CT扫描.结果:13例GIST发生在胃10例,十二指肠1例,肠系膜2例;良性2例,潜在恶性3例,恶性8例;多为边界清楚、圆形或类圆形、密度均匀的肿块.良性GIST多强化均匀;恶性者密度不均匀,强化不均匀.结论:CT能准确显示GIST的部位、形态和大小,鉴别肿瘤良恶性,具有重要临床价值.     

胃肠道间质瘤影像学表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）CT表现和病理相关性,提高CT对该病诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析18例GIST的CT征象,并与病理对照。结果18例GIST（胃11例,十二指肠1例,空肠2例,回肠1例,肝胃韧带1例,腹膜后1例,乙状结肠系膜1例）。病理诊断良性7例（38.9％）,病灶长径1.5-5cm,平均4cm;交界性3例（16.7％）,病灶长径3-6.5cm,平均5.8cm;恶性8例（44.4％）,病灶长径5-25cm,平均10.3cm。CT表现为大小不等圆形或类圆形分叶状影。其中,原发胃肠道肿瘤15例（哑铃型3例,腔内型4例,腔外型8例）,密度均匀9例,病灶直径平均4.5cm,密度不均匀6例,病灶直径平均9cm,胃肠道外肿瘤3例,密度均匀1例,病灶直径平均5cm,密度不均2例,病灶直径平均14.9cm,增强扫描直径小于5cm或良性GIST,强化均匀,直径大于5cm或交界性、恶性GIST,强化不均,内见大小不等不规则或囊状低密度影。与病理学对照,CT判断GIST良恶性符合率为77.8％。结论GIST影像表现与病理特征相关,肿瘤体积较大,密度不均,边界模糊,包膜强化不连续,分叶状生长,是提示恶性间质瘤的重要征象。     

MSCT双期扫描对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值评价

目的:分析胃肠道间质瘤的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象,探讨MSCT的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析25例胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的双期MSCT征象。结果:发生于胃12例,小肠7例,结肠6例。良性9例(胃7例、小肠2例),潜在恶性6例(胃1例、小肠4例,结肠1例),恶性10例(胃4例、小肠1例、结肠5例)。大部分边界清晰、圆形或类圆形,肿块密度均匀或内见小片状低密度灶。动脉期明显强化,静脉期强化无减退,大部分良性病灶强化均匀,恶性病灶密度不均匀、强化不均。本组患者CT定位诊断符合率为88%(22/25)。结论:MSCT双期扫描能够反映肿瘤强化特点,可准确显示GIST的发生部位、大小、形态及其与邻近器官的关系,对鉴别肿瘤良恶性有重要参考价值。     

CT征象对胃肠间质瘤恶性程度预测的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT征象与胃肠间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)恶性程度的相关性。方法:回顾性分析36例手术病理证实的胃肠道间质瘤的CT表现,对照病理组织学分级,主要观察病变的发病部位、大小、形态、生长方式、密度、强化程度、周围有无淋巴结转移、邻近器官有无受侵、有无远处转移灶等方面。结果:36例GIST肿块大小不一,肿块大小与恶性程度密切相关(P<0.05)。病灶形态与恶性程度无统计学差异(P=0.870)。肿块生长方式与恶性程度无统计学差异(P=0.601)。肿瘤强化程度与恶性程度关系见表3,无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。本组资料出现"牛眼征"(肿块明显不均匀强化,缺血和坏死部分呈低密度,其余实质呈高密度增强)的交界组50%、恶性组83%。肿瘤强化方式与恶性程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2例网膜肿块与周围组织粘连分界不清。有3例肝内转移,1例腹腔广泛种植转移;36例均未见淋巴结转移表现。结论:肿块的部位、大小、密度、牛眼征,强化方式单因素分析均有统计学意义;肿块的形态、边缘、强化程度和生长方式对胃肠间质瘤恶性程度评估无统计学意义。通过逐步回归分析肿块大小对胃肠间质瘤良恶性判断最有特异性,且肿块直径大于5cm并出现"牛眼征"时,可明确的诊断为恶性GIST。     

胃肠道间质瘤的CT表现及诊断价值

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤的CT表现及临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的31例胃肠道间质瘤CT表现。结果本组中胃间质瘤7例,小肠间质瘤16例,结肠间质瘤2例,直肠间质瘤1例,难以确定部位者5例。31例中良性3例,交界性6例,恶性22例。肿瘤呈类圆形或不规则形,密度均匀实性者6例,不均匀实性者14例,囊实性混合者11例,有2例有钙化灶。增强扫描有3例均匀强化,3例不均匀强化,内有斑点状变性坏死灶;25例呈不均匀明显强化,肿块内可见不同程度的变性、坏死区。3例良性者为均匀类圆形实性肿块,直径<5cm。交界性与恶性者形态、大小、密度等无明显差别,肿瘤直径均>5cm。结论对胃肠道间质瘤CT检查有助于发现肿块,定位准确,帮助判断肿瘤的良恶性程度。     

胃肠道间质瘤的螺旋CT征象与其恶性度的对照分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)的螺旋CT征象与其恶性度的关系.资料与方法 40例GIST患者术前均行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,着重观察螺旋CT征象,结合病理组织学分级对照分析.结果 40例中,肿瘤发生于胃21例,十二指肠5例,空回肠11例,结肠1例,肠系膜2例.良性者,CT表现为直径多＜5 cm,边界清楚,密度均匀,呈轻度均匀强化.恶性者,CT表现为直径多≥5 cm,边缘分叶,瘤体内低密度坏死,瘤体明显强化,瘤内可见点状、条状粗乱的血管,散在分布的细小钙化,周围组织侵犯或远处转移.结论 GIST的形态、大小、边界、密度、强化方式及核分裂与其良恶性呈显著正相关,其差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).螺旋CT对GIST的定位、定性诊断有较高价值.     

螺旋CT对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(G ISTs)的螺旋CT征象与诊断价值。方法收集经手术病理证实的27例胃肠道间质瘤,回顾性分析其在CT扫描中的特征。术前均行平扫、增强双期扫描。结果肿瘤均为单发,位于胃14例,小肠5例,十二指肠3例,直肠2例,食管、肠系膜、腹膜后各1例。肿块多呈类圆形或浅分叶状,良性5例,直径在3~5 cm,增强强化均匀;交界性5例,直径在4~7 cm,呈均匀或不均匀强化;恶性17例,肿块直径均>5 cm,增强明显不均匀强化,其内见不规则坏死、囊变区域。螺旋CT对该组病灶的定位准确度为93%,定性为78%。结论螺旋CT对胃肠道间质瘤的定位、良恶性判定具有较高的应用价值,对临床治疗方案及预后评估起到重要的作用。     

肾上腺转移瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨CT对肾上腺转移瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的肾上腺转移瘤CT征象。结果23例肾E腺转移瘤中10例为双侧,右侧5例,左侧8例。瘤体大小在1．5cm×1．2cm～12．5cm×9．7cm。23例的33个肿块均为实质性肿块,26个肿块小于4cm,为类圆形或椭圆形,密度均匀,边界清楚,其中5例增强扫描肿块呈均匀强化;7个肿块大于4cm,呈不规则形或分叶状,密度不均匀,其内可见坏死、囊变,边缘模糊,其中2例增强扫描呈不均匀强化。结论结合临床病史,CT平扫与增强扫描能对大多数肾上腺转移瘤作出正确诊断。     

胃肠道神经鞘瘤和间质瘤的螺旋CT表现及对照研究

目的 研究胃肠道神经鞘瘤的螺旋cT表现,并与胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）进行对照分析。资料与方法 选取经手术病理证实的胃肠道神经鞘瘤12例及GIST34例,回顾性分析其临床特征及螺旋CT表现,并对其螺旋CT表现加以比较。CT影像资料由两名具有丰富经验的高年资放射科医师评估,评估内容包括肿瘤大小、形态、生长方式、增强模式、强化程度、肿瘤与黏膜接触面溃疡情况。统计学分析采用单因素方差分析、q检验和卡方检验。结果 良性GIST最大直径小于胃肠道神经鞘瘤和恶性GIST（P〈0．05）。胃肠道神经鞘瘤（83．3％）和良性GIST（80％）多呈圆形或卵圆形,而恶性GIST（84％）多呈分叶状或不规则形,胃肠道神经鞘瘤和良性GIST与恶性GIST肿瘤形态之间差异有显著性。胃肠道神经鞘瘤和良、恶性GIST均可呈腔内生长、腔外生长、腔内外生长,其生长方式三者之间差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。胃肠道神经鞘瘤和良性GIST增强模式、强化程度与恶性GIST肿瘤之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。恶性GIST溃疡（28％）比胃肠道神经鞘瘤（25％）和良性GIST（20％）更常见,但统计学上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 胃肠道神经鞘瘤CT上多表现为圆形、卵圆形／扁圆形的匀质肿块,强化不明显或呈轻度强化,该表现类似于良性GIST,但与恶性GIST影像学表现有所不同。     

胃肠道间质瘤的螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨螺旋CT对胃肠道间质瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的25例胃肠道间质瘤螺旋CT的特点。结果良性9例,恶性16例。胃部18例,食管1例,空肠4例,回肠2例,均为单发病灶。CT表现:(1)平扫,表现为圆或类圆形肿块影,9例良性肿块,8例边界清晰,16例恶性中11例边界不清,7例边缘呈分叶状,2例可见小钙化。(2)增强,25例肿瘤实质可见强化,以动脉期强化明显,但静脉期强化范围较动脉期广,其中15例肿块边缘模糊。结论螺旋CT是检查胃肠道间质瘤的一种重要手段,平扫结合增强检查有利于良恶性的判断,并对临床治疗及预后有着重要的指导价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.