Factors predicting the health status of caregivers of stroke survivors: A cross‐sectional study

In this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to determine factors influencing the health status of caregivers of stroke survivors. A total of 126 caregivers of stroke survivors were recruited from three outpatient clinics in Thai Nguyen National General Hospital, Vietnam, from November 2016 to March 2017. Data were collected through six instruments: a demographic questionnaire, the Modified Barthel Index, the Zarit Burden Interview Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Family Caregiver Conflict Scale, and the Short Form‐36 Health Survey. Stepwise multiple regression was employed to analyze the data. Caregiver burden, patient's functional status, caregiver's age, and social support together explained 80.3% of the variations in health status of caregivers of stroke survivors. Caregiver burden was the strongest predictor of health status of these caregivers. Based on the findings, nurses should take caregiver's age, functional status of stroke survivors, caregiver burden, and social support into consideration when preparing family caregivers to provide care for stroke survivors. To reduce perceived caregiver burden, family support interventions should be embraced to enhance health status of the caregivers of stroke survivors.     

中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者负担水平及其影响因素分析

目的 调查中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者负担现状,分析其相关的影响因素及探讨。方法 便利抽样某三级甲等医院,采用一般人口学问卷、应用Zait负担量表、社会支持量表、自我效能感量表对115例中老年血液透析患者主要照顾者进行调查分析,采用多元线性回归分析其影响的因素。结果 中老年血液透析患者主要照顾者负担总分为(41.50±13.85)分,回归分析显示：社会支持、自我效能、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、工作状态、家庭经济收入进入回归方程(P＜0.05)。结论 中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者负担处于中等水平,受自社会支持、自我效能、婚姻状态、家庭经济收入影响。护理人员应及时评估主要照顾者负担的影响因素,扩大中老年维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者社会支持,提供相应的健康教育,增强信心,为今后干预提供依据,最终提高患者及照顾者的生活质量。     

1型糖尿病患者主要照顾者负担水平与其社会支持状况的相关性研究

目的：调查1型糖尿病（T1DM）患者照顾者负担水平与社会支持状况及两者相关性。方法：采用一般资料问卷、照顾者负担量表及社会支持评定量表对65例T1DM患者照顾者进行问卷调查。结果：T1DM患者照顾者负担总分为（33.0±14.9）分,仅13.8%的照顾者无照顾负担;社会支持总分为（35.6±6.6）分,绝大多数（95.4%）照顾者社会支持尚未达到高水平。总社会支持水平与总负担及负担各维度呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）;主观支持维度与总负担及负担各维度呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）;客观支持维度与总负担及角色负担维度呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：T1DM患者照顾者普遍存在不同程度的照顾负担,社会支持多处于中低水平;所获社会支持程度越高,感知的照顾者负担越轻。护理人员应给予照顾者恰当的社会家庭支持及相关知识的指导,减轻其身心负担,使其能更有效地承担照顾患者的责任,优化患者疾病控制情况。     

Exploring professional caregivers' perceptions. Balancing self-care with care for patients with Alzheimer's disease

With the are hundreds of studies about caregiver burden related to family caregivers that exist, little has been written about caregiver burden as it pertains to professional caregivers. The purpose of this study was to explore professional caregivers' perception and meaning associated with their caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty-two professional caregivers were interviewed. Content analysis was used to clarify respondents' interview data. Several themes emerged from the data related to beliefs about choosing and maintaining AD caregiving role, beliefs about self-efficacy, commitment and self-satisfaction, nature of family interaction of individuals with AD, grieving responses, and ability to maintain self-care through social support as well as solitary time. Implications include AD professional burden measurement; study related to recruitment, orientation, and staffing patterns; and effect on the quality of care provided to patients and their families.     

Family and paid caregivers of hospitalized patients in Korea

Aim. To examine patient need for family and paid caregivers during hospitalization and determine factors related to caregiver use and the economic burden for paid caregivers. Background. Provision of nursing care is influenced by the characteristics of the society and its health care system. An influencing factor in Korea is the involvement of family caregivers in inpatient care. Korean society has preserved the strong tradition of family bonds and filial responsibility for caregiving. However, the ability of Korean families to assist hospitalized family members has decreased as the society becomes more industrialized. Design. A cross‐sectional study design was used, employing data from the Seoul Citizens’ Health Survey, a community‐based interview survey with 3203 inpatients in Seoul, conducted in 2001. Methods. Distributions of caregivers and related factors were explored by employing univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. During hospitalization, 87% of patients needed caregivers. A greater need for caregivers was found in children, women giving birth and patients with disability, longer length of stay and discharge from general hospitals. Family members were the primary caregivers while 3% of inpatients used private paid caregivers. Having paid caregivers was associated with being female, older, high household income, disability, longer stay and discharge from general hospitals. The average daily expense for paid caregiver was 38·5 US dollars (USD) and 73% of patients perceived it as burdensome. Conclusions. The demonstrated need for caregivers may suggest that patients rely on family and paid caregivers in receiving assistance and care during hospitalization. Therefore, implementation of policies to relieve the burden of caregivers is necessary at both institutional and national levels. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing services need to be redesigned in response to changing needs and expectations of patients and their family members.     

住院脑卒中患者主要照顾者负担及影响因素的研究

目的调查住院脑卒中患者主要照顾者的负担情况,并分析其影响因素。方法 2009年9-11月对75例住院的脑卒中患者及主要照顾者进行调查,包括主要照顾者的一般情况、照顾负担、社会支持和自我效能,被照顾者的一般情况、日常生活活动能力（actives of daily life,ADL）和认知能力。结果脑卒中患者主要照顾者负担总分为（32.45±16.11）分,为轻度负担水平;多因素分析显示,对社会支持的利用度、照顾者的教育水平、患者的ADL、与患者的关系及照顾者的自我效能是照顾者负担的影响因素。结论护理人员应了解脑卒中患者主要照顾者的负担水平及其影响因素,并提供有针对性的护理措施以减轻其负担。     

Family caregiving of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand: caregiver burden, an outcome measure

The present paper provides an initial picture of HIV/AIDS-affected families. It is evident that families play a major role of support for HIV/AIDS patients in Thai society. Caregiver burden is one of the patient-related outcomes, which is the most common outcome measure in caregiver research. The demands on the family caregivers of these patients are enormous and need to be addressed. The determinants that are associated with caregiver burden such as caregiver characteristics, patient characteristics and social stigma are important for nurses to minimize the burden of care so that appropriate interventions can be developed for persons with HIV/AIDS and family members who share the work of managing their care at home.     

Caregiver support,burden, and long-term planning among caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A cross-sectional study

Background

Long-term care planning (LTCP) is critical for individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities. Objectives of this study were to investigate progression through LTCP, and associations between social support and: (1) LTCP and (2) burden among family caregivers.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was distributed to caregivers of individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities in NY, OH, PA, and TX, exploring demographics, supports, burden, and LTCP behaviours. Bivariate and linear multiple regression analyses were used to investigate study objectives.

Results

Caregivers (n = 405) were predominantly parents, female, non-Hispanic, and in the ‘learning to plan’ stage of LTCP. Caregiver-identified social support was associated with further progression in LTCP (p = .020) and lower caregiver burden (p < .001).

Conclusion

Social support was associated with further progression in LTCP, and associated with less burden, however fewer than 40% of caregivers reported having social support. Ongoing exploration of emotional/social needs of caregivers is necessary to better support these families.     

截瘫患者家庭照顾者负担及其影响因素分析

目的探讨截瘫患者主要照顾者的负担及其影响因素：方法采用照顾者负担问卷、特质应对问卷、家庭关怀指数、生活质量自评及Karnofsky活动指数对80例居家治疗截瘫患者的主要照顾者进行调查.结果截瘫患者家庭照顾者身体、心理、社会方面的负担较大,其中社交负担最重.与常模相比,照顾者更多采用消极应对方式,这种消极应对方式与照顾者负担呈正相关。照顾者负担与患者的活动指数、自理情况、主观生活质量、瘫痪时间、家庭关怀度指数,以及家庭经济负担相关：结论应重视截瘫患者家庭照顾者的负担,指导其采用积极的应对方式,加强家庭支持系统,积极鼓励患者自理,以减轻照顾者负担.     

老年临终患者家属照顾者照顾反应与社会支持的相关性研究

目的探讨老年临终患者家属照顾者照顾反应和社会支持关系。方法采用照顾者反应量表（CRA）和社会支持量表（MOS-SSS）对264例老年临终患者家属照顾者进行调查,并分析照顾反应各维度与其社会支持情况的关系。结果老年临终患者家属照顾者照顾反应自尊维度得分最高,其余消积结果中得分排名依次为时间受打扰、健康问题维度、经济问题维度和家庭支持维度。医疗结果研究的社会支持总分为（58.69±2.44）分,远低于常模标准;照顾反应中自尊维度与社会支持各维度无明显相关;其它各维度均与社会支持总分呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论在为临终患者及家属照顾者提供临终关怀服务时,应重视社会支持状况与照顾者照顾反应之间的关系,提供针对该群体适合的护理措施,提高老年临终患者家属照顾者的社会支持水平,减轻照顾负荷,从而保障临终患者和照顾者双方的生活质量。     

Psychosocial factors affecting hip fracture elder's burden of care in Taiwan

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the burden of care for primary caregivers of older people during the transition period after discharge from the hospital to home. METHODS: Using convenience sampling, 95 older patients who had been hospitalized for a hip fracture and their primary caregivers were enrolled. Data pertaining to the burden experienced by the caregivers were collected 1 week and 1 month after discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: The burden of care was characterized as moderate. Physical functioning of the older people improved gradually with time after discharge from hospital (F = 164.582, p < .001) and were negatively related to caregiver burden. The predictive factors for caregiver burden 1 week after hospital discharge included the older people's physical functioning and self-efficacy, which together contributed to 15.6% of the total variance in caregiver burden. The predictive factors for caregiver burden 1 month after hospital discharge were the degree of caregiver burden at 1 week and social support, which together contributed to 56.0% of the total variance in caregiver burden. CONCLUSION: A health education program should be designed to improve the primary caregiver's knowledge of providing care and suggest strategies to increase social support to reduce the overall burden of care.     

Depression and caregiver burden experienced by caregivers of Jordanian patients with stroke

Many stroke survivors will be cared for at home, primarily by their relatives. Providing care to a family member with a chronic disabling disease can be both emotionally and physically distressing for the caregivers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between patients' characteristics, duration of caregiving, daily caregiving time, caregiver's characteristics, caregiver depression and burden in caregivers of patients with stroke. A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 116 subjects. The Center of Epidemiologic Studies of Depression and the Caregiver Strain Index were used to identify caregiver depression and burden, respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified the influence of independent variables on caregiver depression and caregiver burden. Caregivers had high scores for depression and burden indices. Caregivers' health, receiving professional home health care and caregivers' burden were related to caregiver depression. Functional disabilities of patients with stroke and depression of caregivers were related to caregiver burden. To decrease caregiver depression and burden, nurses must provide caregivers with instructions for home management of patients with stroke. Development of specialized stroke home health services in Jordan that targets patients with stroke and their caregivers are recommended.     

胃癌术后患者家庭照顾者负担及其影响因素分析

目的探讨胃癌术后患者家庭照顾者所承受的负担及其影响因素。方法对102名胃癌术后患者家庭照顾者进行问卷调查。结果胃癌术后患者家庭照顾者心理、社会方面的负荷较大。多元线性回归分析显示,照顾者负荷状况与患者病程分期、照顾者与患者的社会关系有关。结论应重视胃癌术后患者家庭照顾者的负担,采取有效的信息支持,进行居家照顾专题培训,以减轻照顾者负担。     

Relationships Among Perceived Social Support,Family Resilience,and Caregiver Burden in Lung Cancer Families: A Mediating Model

ObjectivesTo identify the factors associated with caregiver burden in Chinese lung cancer families and to detect whether family resilience mediates the effect of perceived social support on caregiver burden.Data SourcesFrom October 2021 to March 2022, a total of 213 family caregivers of patients with lung cancer from a public hospital in Sichuan Province, China, completed the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS). The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to identify the influencing factors of family caregiver burden, and the bootstrapping method was conducted to detect the mediating role of family resilience.ConclusionIn this study, family caregiver burden could be influenced by caregiver age, caregivers’ relationships with patients, and patients’ self-care degree; family resilience was found to mediate the relationship between caregivers’ perceived social support and caregiver burden.Implication for Nursing PracticeOur study manifested that factor from both the patients’ and caregivers’ sides could influence caregiver burden of lung cancer family caregivers. The results provide further evidence that lung cancer care should be family-centered, and relevant family-supportive systems should be further developed in this field.     

脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷及其影响因素分析

目的 研究脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷及其影响因素,并探讨相应的护理对策.方法 采用问卷调查法.采用照顾者负荷量表(Caregiver Burden Inventory,CBI)对56例脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者进行调查.结果 脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷的总体水平为中等水平(1.55±0.35)分;影响照顾者负荷的因素有ADL指数、参与照顾人数、患者住院次数.结论 护理人员应通过对患者系统的康复指导和教育,减轻卒中后遗症的严重程度和减少再入院次数,增强患者的家庭支持,从而减轻照顾者的负荷,提高其身心健康水平.     

乳腺癌患者配偶社会支持与照顾者负担的相关性研究

目的了解乳腺癌患者配偶的社会支持和照顾者负担情况,探讨其相关性。方法 2013年7月至2014年7月,便利抽样选择湖北省襄阳市中心医院肿瘤科收治的116例乳腺癌患者及其配偶为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、社会支持评定量表和Zarit照顾者负担量表进行调查。结果乳腺癌患者配偶的社会支持总分为(29.14±3.42)分,照顾者负担总分为(37.52±13.85)分,处于中度负担水平;社会支持总分与照顾负担总分及其各维度呈负相关,其中主观社会支持与照顾负担各维度呈负相关,社会支持利用度与个人负担呈负相关(均P0.05),客观社会支持与照顾负担各维度均无相关性(均P0.05)。结论乳腺癌患者配偶的社会支持与照顾者负担具有显著相关性,作为乳腺癌患者的主要照顾者,其配偶的社会支持应给予重视,临床医护人员应了解并关注乳腺癌患者配偶主观社会支持,并提高其对社会支持的利用度,以缓解其照顾者负担,减轻其在照顾过程中产生的不良体验,使患者及配偶能积极应对疾病及后续治疗。