13例神经肌炎的临床及肌电图研究

目的:探讨神经肌炎的临床特点以及肌电图(EMG)、神经传导速度(NCV)的诊断价值。方法:分析13例神经肌炎临床表现、EMG、NCV结果。结果:13例患者均以肌肉受累为主要临床表现;11例并发有神经病变的症状及体征。13例患者NCV均有异常。所检测的104根神经NCV异常率为57.7%。F波异常率为26.9%。11例针极EMG呈神经源性与肌源性混合损害,2例呈神经源性损害。结论:EMG、NCV是有价值的电生理诊断方法。确诊神经肌炎需结合临床表现和EMG结果。     

Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征45例临床及电生理回顾性分析

目的 通过对我院Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征(Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome,LEMS)患者的回顾性分析,分析此病的临床表现和伴发的神经电生理异常.方法 总结1993-2008年我院诊断的45例LEMS患者的一般情况、神经系统临床表现和体征、伴发的内科和全身疾病的情况.所有患者均进行神经电生理检测,包括神经传导速度(NCV)和重复神经电刺激(RNS).部分患者行针极肌电图和皮肤交感反射(SSR)检查.结果 (1)患者出现神经系统症状的平均年龄为(51.2±6.8)岁.最常见临床表现为双下肢无力(35例),其后依次为双上肢无力(10例)、构音障碍(3例)和颈肌无力(2例).神经系统体征中最常见为双下肢或上肢轻度力弱(40例),双下肢腱反射或跟反射减低或消失(38例)以及口干或便秘等自主神经症状(30例).(2)神经电生理检查:所有患者尺神经高频刺激递增达156% ～636%,其中29例同时出现低频递减.所有患者行NCV检查,感觉神经传导速度(SCV)异常或SCV合并运动神经传导速度异常者19例(42%).30例患者行针极肌电图检查,有异常发现者20例.25例行SSR的患者中发现13例异常.结论 LEMS最常见的临床症状为双下肢无力,其次为自主神经症状.患者除了有重复神经电刺激的异常,还伴有周围神经和肌肉的电生理异常以及自主神经系统的异常,提示临床表现可能混杂有神经或肌肉病变的原因.     

糖尿病周围神经病97例临床特征与神经电生理分析

目的:探讨糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)患者的临床特征与神经电生理变化。方法:分析97例DPN患者的临床特征,比较DPN组和对照组的神经传导速度(NCV)、远端潜伏期、远端波幅3个参数。结果:①临床特征以肢体麻木(59%)最多见、其次为疼痛(42%)。②患者组NCV、远端波幅值低于对照组,远端潜伏期比对照组延长;两组3个参数比较,除腓总神经远端波幅、尺神经感觉传导速度和正中、尺、腓肠神经远端潜伏期外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:①DPN患者临床特征以肢体麻木和疼痛最多见;②检测NCV、远端潜伏期、远端波幅,能较早发现临床患者。     

定量感觉检查对糖尿病周围神经病的早期诊断价值

目的　探讨定量感觉检查(QST)对糖尿病周围神经病的早期诊断价值。方法　对46例糖尿病 患者神经传导速度(NCV)和QST进行检测,并将其结果进行对比研究。结果　46例糖尿病患者中NCV异常 率为72.8%(35/46),NCV诊断糖尿病周围神经病32例(69.6%);QST异常率为91.3%(42/46),QST诊断 糖尿病周围神经病40例(86.9%),两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论　QST较NCV对糖尿病周围神经病 变的诊断敏感性高;糖尿病患者温度觉异常率显著高于振动觉和NCV;提示其小神经纤维受损比大神经纤维 受损更常见。     

皮肤神经活体组织检查在周围神经病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨皮肤神经活体组织检查在周围神经病诊断中的作用,建立正常参考值范围,并比较临床表现、神经电生理检查与表皮神经纤维病变的一致性.方法 对51例有周围神经病症状和(或)体征的患者进行皮肤神经活体组织检查,计算表皮神经纤维密度(IENFD);同时收集10名健康志愿者作为对照.51例患者中,41例行常规肌电图及神经传导速度(NCV)检查.21例行皮肤交感反射(SSR),比较IENFD与NCV及SSR的一致性.结果 对照组与病例组相比,大腿IENFD(根/mm)分别为21.4±2.7及15.0±6.3(t=2.976,P=0.004);小腿IENFD分别为15.4±2.2及8.1±5.9(t=3.191,P=0.002).病例组与对照组相比大、小腿IENFD均有减少,差异有统计学意义.51例患者中,皮肤神经活体组织检查异常48例(94.1%),其中33例表现为长度依赖性周围神经病变;41例行常规肌电图检查,21例异常(51.2%);21例行SSR检查,异常17例(81.0%).仅表现为小纤维病变症状和(或)体征的29例患者中,27例(93.1%)皮肤神经活体组织检查异常;其中20例行NCV,异常6例(30.0%);14例行SSR,11例异常.结论 皮肤神经活体组织检查操作简单安全,对于以小神经纤维受累为主的周围神经病皮肤神经活体组织检查有较高的灵敏度.     

糖尿病周围神经病肌电图临床分析

目的 :探讨糖尿病并发周围神经病的肌电图特点、诊断价值。方法 :采用NDI 2 0 0型肌电诱发电位仪检测糖尿病周围神经病人 5 0例 ,与 3 5例正常人肌电图对照 ,统计分析。结果 :观察组NCV检查 2 60条神经异常率 80 %。正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、腓肠神经全部受累 ,下肢比上肢重 ,感觉神经异常率高于运动神经。可见纤颤电位、正相波以及增大的波幅和时限。对照组NCV检查周围神经无异常。结论 :NCV和EMG能敏感地评价糖尿病周围神经受损程度。     

急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病患者下肢体感诱发电位的研究

目的探讨急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒后迟发性脑病(DEACMP)患者下肢体感诱发电位(SEPs)的变化。方法对40例DEACMP患者(病例组)和32名健康成人(正常对照组)进行SEPs的N22、P40、N50、P60、N75各波潜伏期和N22~P40峰间期测量。结果病例组30例(75%)患者出现下肢SEPs异常,皮质电位各波潜伏期分别为P40(41.92±2.49)ms、N50(52.13±4.29)ms、P60(64.37±4.98)ms、N75(80.84±4.73)ms,较对照组显著延长(均P<0.01),腰髓诱发电位两组间差异无统计学意义。治疗3个月后,10例SEPs正常的患者总有效率为100%(10/10),30例SEPs异常患者的总有效率为86.7%(26/30),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论DEACMP患者下肢SEPs的变化对病情及预后判断有一定价值,其中皮质电位的变化较腰髓电位敏感。     

影响无症状糖尿病周围神经病变神经传导速度的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响无症状糖尿病周围神经病变(ADPN)神经传导速度(NCV)变化的相关因素,为早期干预周围神经病变提供依据。方法搜集研究2016年12月-2018年3月经糖尿病科治疗的79例无周围神经损害症状的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,均给予NCV检测。通过检测分为NCV正常组和NCV异常组,并对两组患者的一般临床资料、生化指标进行比对,分析ADPN的相关危险因素。结果在79例无周围神经损害症状的T2DM患者中有34例NCV异常。两组在年龄、病程、腰围、体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、随机血糖比较中有统计学意义(P 0. 05),Logistic回归分析显示,NCV的异常率与病程、BMI、糖化血红蛋白有独立危险因素关系。结论 NCV检测是诊断ADPN的重要指标,平稳有效的控制血糖、加强对BMI的调控是减少及延缓ADPN发病率的有效方法。     

单纤维肌电图对糖尿病周围神经病及糖尿病肾病的早期诊断价值

目的探讨单纤维肌电图(SFEMG)对糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)及糖尿病肾病的早期诊断价值。方法应用SFEMG对43例2型糖尿病患者行指总伸肌的颤抖(jitter)和纤维密度(FD)测定,同时检测神经传导速度(NCV),并测空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值(UACR)。比较SFEMG和NCV的异常检出率,并分析颤抖和FD与病程、LDL-C、HbA1c、Hcy、UACR的相关性。结果全部患者颤抖、FD和NCV的异常检出率分别为65.1%、53.5%和48.8%,24例无DPN症状患者分别检出9例(20.9%)、4例(9.3%)和2例(4.7%)。颤抖和FD呈正相关,且均与病程、LDL-C、HbA1c、Hcy和UACR呈正相关。结论 SFEMG是DPN的早期诊断指标,SFEMG异常者行HbA1c、Hcy和UACR联合检测对DPN和糖尿病肾病的早期诊治有帮助。     

神经肌电图联合体感诱发电位在糖尿病神经系统并发症评估中的应用

目的 :探讨神经肌电图(electromyography,EMG)联合体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potential,SEP)在糖尿病神经系统并发症评估中的应用价值。方法 :将135例符合病例选择标准的糖尿病患者分别按糖尿病病程(1年、1～10年、10年)、有无糖尿病周围神经病(diabetic perilpheral neuropathy,DPN)、是否伴发缺血性卒中以及脑卒中部位进行分组。回顾性分析和比较各组患者的年龄、糖化血红蛋白水平、神经传导速度(nerve conduction velocity,NCV)、SEP、DPN和缺血性卒中情况。结果 :135例糖尿病患者中,50例(37.0%)明确诊断为DPN,伴发缺血性卒中32例(23.7%),EMG发现NCV异常56例(41.5%)、F波异常16例(11.9%),SEP异常27例(20.0%)。糖尿病病程1～10年和10年组患者的NCV异常率、DPN比例及缺血性卒中比例均显著高于糖尿病病程1年组(P0.05)。有DPN症状及体征患者的NCV异常率(P0.01)、F波异常率(P0.01)和SEP异常率(P0.01)均显著高于无DPN症状及体征患者。伴发缺血性卒中的糖尿病患者与未伴发缺血性卒中的糖尿病患者相比,前者的年龄较大(P0.01)、病程较长(P=0.01)、SEP异常率较高(P=0.02)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,NCV异常(r=0.26,P0.01)和缺血性卒中(r=0.22,P0.01)与病程呈正相关;DPN与病程(r=0.21,P0.05)、年龄(r=0.19,P0.05)、糖化血红蛋白水平(r=0.24,P0.01)、NCV异常(r=0.75,P0.01)和F波异常(r=0.22,P0.01)均呈正相关;NCV异常(r=0.28,P0.01)和F波异常(r=0.30,P0.01)均与糖化血红蛋白水平呈正相关;SEP异常与F波异常(r=0.62,P0.01)、缺血性卒中(r=0.20,P0.05)和住院(7～14 d)前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分差值呈正相关(r=0.43,P0.05)。结论 :EMG是筛查和诊断DPN的重要方法,EMG联合SEP可以筛查早期DPN,有助于提高亚临床DPN的检出率,并且对糖尿病伴发中枢系统损害及预后的评估具有一定的应用价值。     

Neuromuscular consequences of prolonged hunger strike: an electrophysiological study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the electrophysiological consequences of neuromuscular and central nervous system involvement in a group of patients presented with the neurological complications of a long-term hunger strike (HS). METHODS: Motor and sensory nerve conduction (NCV), F wave, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) studies were performed in 12 male and 3 female patients (mean age: 29.4) following HS. RESULTS: All patients whose weight loss was 11-31 (mean: 22.8) kg after 69-day HS, had neurological findings consistent with Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Abnormally prolonged latency and/or low amplitude sensory nerve action potentials were found in 7 patients. The amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials were significantly reduced in ulnar, median and tibial motor NCV studies as compared to the controls. F waves elicited by median nerve stimulation at wrist and muscle responses evoked by cervical and lumbar magnetic stimulation had significantly prolonged latencies. MEPs recorded from the lower extremities showed a slight prolongation in central conduction times. The cortical response latencies were prolonged in tibial SEPs. CONCLUSIONS: The most prominent finding in this patient group was the low amplitude of CMAPs elicited in motor NCV studies which was concluded to be resulted from the reversible muscular changes. The other electrophysiological findings suggested that peripheral nerves and long central nervous system pathways were also mildly involved.     

Is diabetic dermopathy a sign for severe neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus? Nerve conduction studies and symptom analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess if diabetic dermopathy (DD) is a sign for severe polyneuropathy (PNP). METHODS: We investigated the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of 166 diabetic men (59.5+11.1 years) with different degrees of peripheral nerve involvement. RESULTS: All of the clinical variables were more common in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DF) than in patients with sole PNP (P<0.001). Only the loss of superficial and vibration sense was more common in the DF patients than the DD patients (P<0.02). Nerve conduction studies showed the mean compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were smaller in the DD and DF patients than the PNP patients for peroneal, median and ulnar nerves (P<0.01). The mean nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of all nerves were slower in the DD and DF patients in compared to sole PNP patients (P<0.01). The mean distal latencies (DL) of the DD/DF patients were longer than the PNP group. CONCLUSIONS: The DD and DF patients did not significantly differ in CMAP, NCV, and DL. Significance: Both clinical and electrophysiological features of DD and DF are similar, and significant different than PNP alone. These results suggest that DD is an important clinical sign for more severe neuropathic impairment.     

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: 11-year treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid in five patients. An electrophysiological study

We report the electrophysiological follow-up of five cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patients treated for 11 years with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was reduced in three cases. P100 latency of visual evoked potentials was delayed in four cases, interpeaks I–III and I–V of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) was increased in two and interpeak N13–20 of upper limb somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was slowed in one. After 4 months of therapy with CDCA, NCV was normal and did not show any significant change during the 11 years of observation. Central motor conduction time of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and N24–P40 interpeak latency of lower limb SEPs were increased in five and four cases, respectively, in spite of 2/3-year treatment with CDCA. Improvement of evoked potentials, especially of MEPs and SEPs, was slower and continued over the whole 11-year period. The size of xanthomas slightly decreased in some patients during treatment and the clinical manifestations stabilized, avoiding progressive worsening, but there was no significant improvement in neurological deficit. Two sisters of patients who never took CDCA showed progressive worsening of clinical manifestations, upper limb SEPs and BAEPs.     

Electrophysiological findings in neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder in which any organ system, including the skin, skeleton and nervous system can be affected. In this study, we compared the electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with NF1. Thirty-nine adolescent and adult patients (23 women and 16 men) diagnosed with NF1 with a mean age of 25.8±10 years (10-56) were included in this study. We collected data in the form of the results of neurological examinations, multimodal evoked potentials (EPs; brainstem auditory evoked potentials, BAEPs; somatosensory evoked potentials, SEPs; and visual evoked potentials, VEPs), cerebral/orbital/spinal MRIs, and electroneuromyography (ENMG). Twenty (51.3%) patients showed abnormal VEPs, 14 (35.9%) showed abnormal SEPs, and six (15.4%) showed abnormal BAEPs. All evoked potentials were abnormal in four (10.3%) cases. These electrophysiological findings occurred primarily in the absence of any clinical sign related to the affected system. MRI revealed pathologic findings in 26 of 39 patients, and these were not always correlated with visual, auditory, or somatosensory pathway abnormalities. ENMG showed polyneuropathy in two of 33 patients who underwent ENMG. Our study showed that MRI and electrophysiological abnormalities may be found in most patients with NF1, even in the absence of associated clinical symptoms or signs. Electrophysiological testing is helpful for monitoring the subclinical involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems in patients with NF1.     

微血管减压术治疗青年面肌痉挛的临床分析

目的:本文通过对21例青年面肌痉挛(hemifacialspasm,HFS)手术病例的回顾性分析,总结微血管减压手术治疗青年HFS的特点及术后随访结果。方法:我科自2001年1月-2004年8月共收治HFS患者311例,回顾总结其中21例起病年龄<28岁的青年HFS患者的手术发现以及术后随访结果。结果:本组21例患者均于术中发现存在明确的责任血管压迫面神经REZ区,且责任血管均为动脉。术后症状完全缓解率90.5%。结论:动脉压迫面神经REZ区仍是导致青年HFS发生的最主要原因。微血管减压治疗青年HFS,术后症状完全缓解率高、效果稳定、复发率低。     

Carpal tunnel syndrome in elderly patients: results of surgical decompression

This study prospectively compared preoperative and postoperative (6 months after surgical release) clinical and electrophysiological evaluation and self-administered Boston questionnaire (BQ) findings of a series of elderly carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients with those of young and adult patients. Three hundred twenty three consecutive hands (282 patients) underwent surgery between 1997 and 2000. Patients were divided into four age groups: group 1 (20-40 years), 49 hands; group 2 (41-54 years), 96 hands; group 3 (55-69 years), 106 hands; and group 4 (70-90 years), 72 hands. Sex ratio, education, duration and bilaterality of CTS, history of wrist and hand trauma, connective tissue and thyroid diseases, diabetes, polyneuropathy, renal failure, and other nerve entrapment syndromes were recorded. The elderly group (group 4) only had more cases of diabetes than groups 1 and 2 (young and adult patients). Before surgery, elderly patients showed more severe clinical objective and electrophysiological findings than young and adult patients. Preoperative subjective findings (BQ scores) were similar in all four groups. Although their absolute postoperative BQ scores and clinical objective and electrophysiological stages improved, elderly patients showed less improvement in all findings than the 20-54 age groups, presumably due to greater preoperative damage and less repair capacity of the compressed nerve. This, however, is not a contraindication for surgical release in elderly patients.     

神经传导速度检测诊断酒精性周围神经病的价值

目的探讨神经传导速度(NCV)对慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病(CAPN)的诊断价值。方法采用肌电图检测52例CAPN患者的正中神经、尺神经、腓神经和胫神经的NCV,并与26例健康者进行对照比较。结果CAPN患者的NCV异常率为73.12%,明显高于对照组;下肢NCV异常率(80.77%)高于上肢异常率(76.47%);感觉神经传导速度(SCV)异常率(82.73%)高于运动神经传导速度(MCV)异常率(75.26%)。结论NCV检测可作为酒精中毒性周围神经病的方法之一。     

Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials can quantitatively evaluate hypalgesia in Wallenberg's syndrome

In 6 patients with Wallenberg's syndrome who showed a dissociated loss of pain sense, we recorded pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials following CO₂ laser stimulation of the hand dorsum (pain SEPs). Two components, N2 and P2, were recorded by stimulation of the unaffected hand, whereas on the affected side they were absent or decreased in proportion to the severity of hypalgesia which was evaluated by both needle test and CO₂ laser stimulation. Latency of either component, if appeared, was longer in the affected hand stimulation than that in the unaffected one. In contrast, N20 of the conventional electrically-stimulated SEPs (electric SEPs) showed no difference between the two sides. It is concluded that, unlike other electrophysiological methods, pain SEPs following CO₂ laser stimulation can quantitatively evaluate functional impairment of the spinothalamic tract in Wallenberg's syndrome.     

Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome Relative value of electrophysiological studies

The diagnostic utility of various electrophysiological techniques was evaluated in patients with thoracic outlet compression syndrome (TOCS). Our results suggest that in true neurogenic TOCS, there is no standard electrophysiological picture, but that this evolves with the severity of the syndrome. The first changes observed are electromyographic, followed by changes in F-wave and SEPs, followed finally by changes in nerve conduction parameters. EMG study was certainly more informative, showing neurogenic damage not only in limbs with neurological signs but also in about 1/4 of limbs with only subjective symptoms. The study of F-wave and SEPs does not seem to be particularly helpful, however, in view of the peculiar changes found in these patients, SEPs may be a useful complement to EMG. Nerve conduction studies were of little utility since changes in these parameters are only found in patients with long-standing anomalies and severe atrophy.