无症状脑梗塞MRI、MRA及TCD的临床对比研究

目的 探讨无症状脑梗塞(SCI)的临床特征与头颅MRI、MRA、TCD改变。方法 对50例病人进行临床分析，并进行头颅MRI、MRA和TCD检测，加以对比分析。结果 MRI检出梗塞灶的病人行MRA检查，异常检出率为93.02％，TCD异常检出率为94.87％。结论 MRI是确诊SCI重要条件之一，并能清晰、准确显示小脑、脑干梗塞；MRA能显示病变血管；TCD对SCI有早期辅助诊断价值，对治诊及预后有很好指导作用。     

TCD、BAEP、MRI对椎基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值

目的　探讨椎基底动脉供血不足 (VBI)可靠的辅助诊断方法。方法　对临床确诊的VBI 115例患者同时进行了经颅多普勒 (TCD)、脑干听觉诱发电位 (BAEP)、脑颅核磁共振 (MRI)检查。结果　TCD异常率为 82 2 %,BAEP异常率为 72 1%,MRI异常率为 2 6 1%。结论　TCD、BAEP异常率高可为VBI早期诊断提供客观依据 ,TCD应作为首选的监测手段 ,也证明了VBI患者在形态学无明显改变时MRI除与VBI的鉴别诊断外 ,不应作为VBI的常规检查。     

SPECT、MRA、TCD、颈部血管彩超对椎基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值

目的 探讨椎基底动脉供血不足（VBI）的客观可靠的辅助诊断方法。方法 对临床确诊VBI患者40例,进行SPECT,颈部血管彩超、TCD检查,并对SPECT结果正常的部分患者进行了乙酰唑胺（Diamox)介入SPECT检查,对26例患者进行颅脑MRA检测。结果 VBI患者普通SPECT阳性率为52.5%,Diamox介入SPECT后阳性率提高至79.4%,ＴＣＤ阳性率为６２.5%,CDFI阳性率为42.5%,MRA阳怀率为7.69%。结论 TCD、颈部血管彩超可作为简单筛选VBI的检查手段。MRA可能对VBI诊断帮助不大,SPECT及Diamox介入SPECT可能是目前VＢＩ诊断较实用的客观可靠的检查手段。值得临床推广。     

TCD、BAEP、MRI对椎基底动脉供血不足的诊断价值

目的 探讨椎基底动脉供血不足(VBI)可靠的辅助诊断方法．方法 对临床确诊的VBI 115例患者同时进行了经颅多普勒(TCD),脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP),脑颅核磁共振(MRI)检查.结果:TCD异常率为82.2%,BAEP异常率为72.1%,MRI异常率为26.1%,结论:TCD,BAEP异常率高可为VBI早期诊断提供客观依据,TCD应作为首选的监测手段,也证明了VBI患者在形态学无明显改变时MRI除与VBI的鉴别诊断外,不应作为VBI的常规检查.     

椎基底动脉供血不足与椎动脉MRA

目的:分析、探讨椎动脉核磁共振血管造影(MRA)对椎基底动脉供血不足(VBI)的诊断价值和意义。方法:共65患者,男33例,女32例,年龄40～78岁,平均年龄56.85+11.07岁。符合椎基底动脉供血不足诊断标准,分别进行椎动脉MRA、TCD、BAEP及椎动脉超声等检查。结果:65例患者中椎动脉MRA异常35例(53.8％),TCD异常53例(81.5％),椎动脉B超异常33例(50.8％),BAEP异常30例(46.2％)。椎动脉MRA能清楚的显示血管病理形态,主要表现为单侧或双侧椎动脉变细、粗细不均及血流信号降低。MRA异常率与病人的病程长短有关。结论:椎动脉MRA、TCD、BAEP、椎动脉超声4种方法合用,有助于全面客观诊断椎基动脉供血不足。     

急性CO中毒患者MRI MRA表现

目的评价MRI、MRA对急性CO中毒的诊断及价值。方法回顾分析60例经临床确诊的急性CO中毒患者的头颅MRI、MRA资料。结果MRI异常表现为双侧苍白球、双侧侧脑室周围、脑干、脑叶为主的T1WI高信号、T2WI低信号;18.33%急性CO中毒患者伴发脑梗死,DWI为高信号,ADC为低信号。结论急性CO中毒的诊断主要依靠病史、临床表现和影像检查,头颅MRI、MRA对本病的诊断有一定的价值。     

磁共振血管造影的TCD检查与DSA诊断烟雾病的对比研究

目的 探讨磁共振血管造影（ＭＲＡ）结合经颅多普勒（ＴＣＤ）诊断烟雾病的可靠性。方法 对２２例成年人烟雾病患者的ＤＳＡ、ＭＲＡ及ＴＣＤ检查结果进行比较。结果 ＭＲＡ判断烟雾病血管狭窄程度和ＤＳＡ的符合率为７７．３％,另外２２．７％评估过度,ＭＲＡ示异常血管网（６３．６％）显著低于ＤＳＡ（８４．１％）;ＴＣＤ与ＤＳＡ符合率为７２．７％;ＭＲＡ和ＴＣＤ联合判断烟雾病血管狭窄程序与ＤＳＡ符合率为９３．２％,显著高于ＭＲＡ或ＴＣＤ。结论 ＭＲＡ和ＴＣＤ联合检查是诊断成年人烟雾病并作为长期随诊的理想方法。     

磁共振血管成像、经颅多普勒及颈动脉超声对颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振血管成像（MRA）、经颅多普勒（TCD）和颈动脉超声对颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的诊断价值。方法 对42例颈动脉系统TIA患者进行MRA、TCD和颈动脉超声检测,观察其异常情况。结果 颈动脉MRA异常12例（28．6％）,脑MRA异常32例（76．2％）,其中8例二者均异常,大多为颈动脉轻～重度狭窄;TCD异常30例（71．4％）（此30例脑MRA均异常）;颈动脉超声异常16例（38．1％）（其中颈动脉MRA异常12例）。结论 MRA、TCD和颈动脉超声3种方法联合应用,可对颈动脉系统TIA的病因及诊断作出客观的评价。     

TCD与DSA,MRA,CTA蛛网膜下腔出血中应用对比研究

应用经颅多普勒超声（ＴＣＤ）、数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）、磁共振血管成像（ＭＲＡ）、ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＴＡ）对２４例蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）病人进行了对照研究。通过ＴＣＤ诊断血管痉挛和狭窄性病变１９例（７９％），治疗前后动态观察发现脑底动脉平均流速（Ｖｍ）增高。诊断颅内压增高２例（８．３％）Ｖｍ降低。血管造影等放射影像学检查，发现动脉瘤８例，动脉炎样改变６例，动脉痉挛２例，正常者８例，总异常率为６６．６％。通过超声与放射影像学比较发现，两者可以从不同角度显示脑血管的功能或病理状态。     

低场MRI和MRA在成人烟雾病诊断中的价值探讨

目的探讨低场MRI和MRA对成人烟雾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析24例成人烟雾病的临床与低场MR资料。结果 MRI表现：双侧放射冠区、基底节区多发脑梗死、软化14例,顶、枕叶大面积脑梗死2例,其中梗死合并出血6例;单纯脑出血8例,其中放射冠区、基底节区出血6例,左顶枕叶出血1例,脑室内出血1例。MRA表现：单侧大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉近段狭窄或闭塞16例,双侧大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉近段闭塞8例,丘脑-基底节区有异常血管网12例。结论 低场MRI可显示成人烟雾病的脑实质及血管病变,可作为烟雾病的筛选方法。     

Cerebral infarct following carotid endarterectomy Frequency, clinical and hemodynamic significance evaluated by MRI and TCD

The purpose of this study was to disclose the frequency of new infarcts after Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) by MRI and Transcranial Doppler examinations (TCD), and to evaluate the clinical and pathological significance. Of a consecutive series of 41 patients with a symptomatic carotid stenosis exceeding 69%, 33 had MRI and TCD examinations performed before and after the CEA. Pre-operative MRIs revealed Focal High Signal Intensity (FHSI) in 21 patients (64%) on the side of the stenosis, ranging in number from 2 to more than 20 and in size from 0.5 cm to more than 3 cm. After the operation 8 patients (24%) each had acquired from 1-4 new FHSIs, but only 3 patients (9%) suffered from clinical symptoms. In 2 patients, who had had a stroke, the FHSIs were more than 3 cm. In 1 patient, who experienced a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), the FHSI was 1-2 cm. The TCD disclosed low Pulsatility Index (PI) values in 2 of the 3 patients who had new FHSIs and clinical symptoms. In all the patients who did not show new FHSIs after the operation, the PI was normal in the MCA of the symptomatic hemisphere after CEA. So new cerebral FHSIs were rather frequent after a CEA, but only FHSIs >1 cm were accompanied by a TIA or stroke, and a low PI in the MCA of the relevant hemisphere was found before or in connection with the operation in 2 of the 3 patients who developed clinical symptoms.     

TIA继发脑梗死的TCD、EEG与CT、MRI的动态研究初探

目的探讨TIA继发脑梗死的TCD动态变化规律以及与病情预后、神经电生理、神经影像之间的关系。方法对TIA继发脑梗死患者在入院即刻、脑梗死后第1、3、7、14天进行床边TCD动态观察,并与EEG、头颅CT、MRI和NIHSS评分进行对比研究及相关分析。结果入院即刻TCD异常率高于头颅CT、MRI和EEG,并且异常程度与NIHSS评分成正比关系,能更早预测患者病情及预后。结论对TIA继发脑梗死的患者,TCD具有较高的早期诊断价值,入院即刻TCD的异常程度与脑梗死后病情严重程度及早期预后有关,有助于判断病情及预后。     

TCD, MRA and MRI in acute cerebral ischemia

Objectives - The aim of this study was to determine accuracy of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and compare efficacy of three non-invasive tests [TCD, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Material and methods - This prospective study involved 30 patients. MRI, MRA, and TCD were performed within 24 h after onset of ictus. The 2nd MRI was repeated at 48–72 h and was used as the standard for the evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of MRA, TCD, and initial MRI. Results - TCD showed a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 33% for recognizing abnormal cerebral blood flow velocities. MRA showed a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 75% for assessing intracranial vascular anatomy, while initial MRI revealed a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 100% for evaluation of ischemic parenchymal changes. Conclusion - Our results revealed that TCD is an accurate indicator of blood flow status and correlated well with MRI, MRA abnormalities in acute stroke.     

DWI及MRA在大面积脑梗塞早期诊断中的价值

目的:评价弥散加权磁共振成像DWI和磁共振血管成像MRA对早期大面积脑梗塞的诊断价值。方法:对24例早期大面积脑梗塞的临床和磁共振资料进行分析,全部患者均行DWI及MRA检查。结果:24例早期大面积脑梗塞中,13例急性期CT扫描未检测出确切病灶,DWI扫描全部出现大片异常高信号,病灶检出率为100％。而在常规T2WI检查中,7例为阴性,病灶检出率为69％。MRA发现血管异常24例,表现为供血动脉闭塞,狭窄、硬化。结论: DWI有助于明确早期大面积脑梗塞病变范围,且能区别新旧病灶。MRA能直接显示大面积脑梗塞闭塞的供血脑血管,联合使用DWI和MRA对早期大面积脑梗塞诊断有重要的临床价值,也有利于早期合理的治疗方案制定及预后判断。     

Post-partum cerebral angiopathy: repetitive TCD,MRI, MRA,and EEG examinations

We report of a woman with post-partum cerebral angiopathy (PCA), in whom we repetitively performed transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), MR imaging (MRI), and MR angiography (MRA) to evaluate the underlying pathophysiology. A 31-year-old woman, Gemini pregnant, complained of severe throbbing frontal headache four days after an uneventful delivery by Cesarean section. Blurred vision occurred eight days after delivery, followed by three generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Neurological examination revealed a somnolent woman without focal neurological deficits. At the day of the seizures increased flow velocities and disturbed flow were observed in the right posterior and anterior cerebral artery on transcranial Doppler (TCD). MRI showed infra- and supratentorial patchy hyperintensities in T2-weighted images and in the FLAIR sequence. Diffusion-weighted imaging revealed corresponding multi-focal hyperintense areas indicating increased diffusion and MRA showed a diffuse multisegmental narrowing of all pial arteries. MRI at day 10 was completely normal, but MRA still revealed vascular narrowing in the right posterior cerebral artery. General slight flow accelerations in all basal arteries occurred after 10 days and lasted for three weeks. PCA is apparently associated with a vascular narrowing causing cerebral ischemia with increased diffusion. Later reactive cerebral hyperperfusion is observed. Vascular narrowing and cerebral hyperperfusion still persist after MRI has normalized.