A short interview as an assessment of student health and potential.

A prospective study of the effectiveness of a short interview in assessing health needs and potential performance of students. The results indicate that such an interview is of limited value in the recognition of the vulnerable student, can predict performance of the best students with reasonable accuracy, can recognise potential drop-outs, but failed to distinguish in a borderline group between those likely to succeed and those not.     

Improving health care team work by education

The place of team work in health care is emphasised. Reasons for caution among members of the medical profession are defined. The importance of medical students being aware of the input of other health care professionals together with association with them in their training years and integration in activities where possible has been proposed previously, but largely neglected. A number of schemes for improving the education of other professional groups in association with the Wellington Clinical School of Medicine are described. Better teamwork in health care depends upon people learning to work together by association during their training years.     

摄像技术在卫生监督工作中的应用

随着科技的发展,摄像技术也逐渐成为社会管理领域中不可缺少的部分,将摄像技术应用到卫生监督工作中,可以取得意想不到的法律效果和社会效果,可以直接记录卫生执法过程及直接收集视听证据。本文就摄像技术在卫生监督工作中的应用进行总结和分析,并提出了问题和建议。     

保健食品微生物限度检查的方法学验证

目的:确认对保健食品进行微生物限度检查时,昕采用的细菌、霉菌及酵母菌计数和控制菌检查方法是否适合于该保健食品的微生物限度检查。方法:按2005年版中国药典微生物限度检查法及方法学验证实验要求,对21种保健食品进行了方法学验证。结果:10个品种(血尔口服液、金舒通胶囊、事轻松胶囊、梦玉胶囊等)分别对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有明显的抑菌作用,阳性对照菌回收率均低于70%。结论:保健食品采用 GB/T4789-2003食品卫生微生物学检查法进行检查时,其检验结果可能不够科学,建议参照2005年版中国药典要求,通过方法验证实验建立合理的检验方法。     

西藏老年保健工作初探

由于西藏地处青藏高原，独特的地理环境和气候特点，对生活在这一区域的人群产生了许多不利影响，存在着许多不同于低海拔地区的特点。本文从老年保健医疗这一领域，探讨了西藏老年保健工作的现状。初步阐述了高原环境对老年人机体的影响；藏民族独特的生活习俗对老年人身体健康的影响及西藏高原影响老年人健康的主要疾病。分析了西藏者年保健工作目前所存在的问题，并对下步更好地开展西藏的老年保健工作，提出了作者的建议。     

对企业改制后职业卫生工作的思考

通过对国家有关职业卫生法律法规、企业安全与健康、国际经济一体化发展趋势三方面的阐述,企业职业卫生工作必须加强和改进,企业职业卫生机构有其合理的定位和职能,并就企业改革与改制的实际提出了进一步做好职业卫生工作的思路和建议.     

Validation studies of the health improvement network (THIN) database for pharmacoepidemiology research

BACKGROUND: The Health Improvement Network (THIN) is a new medical records database that contains records from general practices some of which have or continue to participate in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and others that never participated in GPRD. We sought to replicate in THIN well-established associations from the medical literature and to compare results from the GPRD practices to the non-GPRD practices within THIN. METHODS: Using THIN data from 1986-2003, we conducted case-control studies of associations between diseases (e.g., hypertension and stroke) and between diseases and drugs (e.g., aspirin and colon cancer). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios adjusted for potential confounders. Differences between GPRD and non-GPRD practices were assessed by testing for a statistical interaction by practice type in each outcome-exposure association. RESULTS: We observed the expected positive associations (p < 0.05) of stroke with hypertension and diabetes mellitus; of myocardial infarction with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and smoking; and of peptic ulcer disease with aspirin, NSAIDs, and potassium. We observed the expected negative associations (p < 0.05) of colorectal cancer with aspirin, NSAIDs, and cox-2 inhibitors. The expected protective effect of aspirin use for myocardial infarction was not observed. In all cases, the results obtained from the GPRD practices were similar to the results obtained from the non-GPRD practices, only being statistically different for the associations of myocardial infarction with diabetes and aspirin use. CONCLUSIONS: THIN data that are collected outside of the GPRD appear as valid as the data collected as part of the GPRD.     

Racial and ethnic differences in associations between psychological distress and the presence of binge drinking: Results from the California health interview survey

IntroductionRacial and ethnic minorities often suffer from poorer health than Whites given their exposure to more stressors and fewer resources that buffer the effects of stress. Given that alcohol is often consumed to alleviate the negative moods, the present study hypothesized that psychological distress may impact the involvement in binge drinking differently across racial and ethnic groups.MethodsWe used data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) from 2007 to 2012. The sample consisted of 130,556 adults including African Americans (N = 6541), Asians (N = 13,508), Latinos (N = 18,128), and Whites (N = 92,379). Binary logistic regression analysis was used with consideration for complex survey design.ResultsThe results indicated that psychological distress was significantly associated with binge drinking across all racial and ethnic groups. However, this association differed by race and ethnicity adjusting for age, gender, marital status, education, poverty, and employment status. The results revealed that psychological distress had the largest effect on binge drinking for Asian Americans, particularly Filipinos and South Asians, compared to Whites.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of examining racial and ethnic differences in the impacts of psychological distress on alcohol consumption. Future research is needed to better understand the potential factors that mediate the effects of psychological distress on binge drinking specific to each racial and ethnic group in order to develop culturally sensitive interventions and hence decrease the alcohol-related racial health disparities.