肺栓塞的CT影像特征及临床分析

目的探讨肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)的应用价值及临床分析。方法收集我院PE住院病例资料37例,对CTPA的应用价值进行了探讨,对临床病例进行了分析。结果 37例肺动脉栓塞患者经CTPA检查,均良好显示了肺动脉及其分支内的栓子形态和位置,重建图像可更清楚、直观显示肺动脉内栓子形态和累及范围,本组资料共发现肺动脉105处栓子。结论 CTPA无创、安全方便,可快速无创对PE做出准确诊断,对疑似肺栓塞患者及时做CTPA检查是必要的。     

MSCT在肺栓塞诊断和治疗中的应用

<正> 肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)是由于内源性或外源性栓子栓塞肺动脉或其分支,引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征。由于其临床症状、体征及实验室检查特异性较差,漏诊率和误诊率较高。CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)以其创伤小、效率高、价格低等优点成为临床诊断PE必不可少的手段之一。CTPA包括电子束CT肺动脉造影(electronbeamCT pulmonary angiography,EBCTPA)、单层螺旋CT肺动脉造影和多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)对肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析24例肺动脉栓塞患者的64层螺旋CT增强图像,将原始图像复制到EBW4.0工作站,对肺动脉主干及分支进行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积重建(VR)分析.结果 24例患者中,共检出了76处肺动脉及其分支的栓子.其中,左、右肺动脉主干14处(右主干10处、左主干4处),肺叶动脉24处,肺段动脉26处,亚肺段动脉12处.CT表现为肺动脉主干或分支内混合性、附壁性、中心性充盈缺损,可分为完全性或部分性.结论 64层CTPA具有准确、高效、无创等优点,可直观、立体地观察到肺动脉血栓的大小、分布、范围及类型,是临床诊断及观察疗效的首选方法,有望成为肺动脉栓塞检查的“金标准”.     

64层螺旋CT对兔慢性肺小动脉栓塞诊断的实验研究

目的 建立兔的慢性肺小动脉血栓栓塞模型,研究其64层CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)表现和诊断价值.材料与方法 健康家兔8只,体重2.0～2.5 kg.对栓塞前、后肺动脉造影和CT表现进行对比.栓塞组兔肺动脉多次注入经热处理的自体血栓,血栓直径1～2 mm,长3～5 mm,栓塞前、后和12周时行64层螺旋CT平扫和CTPA,分析其影像学表现特点.结果 8只兔对比栓塞前后CTPA影像发现栓塞血管共43支,其中血管直径为1.5～2.0 mm 7支,1.0～1.5 mm 8支,0.5～1.0 mm共17支,<0.5 mm者共11支.未对比栓塞前影像共发现直径<2.0 mm的肺动脉栓塞31支,其中血管直径1.5～2.0 mm 7支(阳性率100%),1.0～1.5 mm 7支(阳性率87.5%).0.5～1.0mm12支(阳性率70.6%),<0.5 mm5支(阳性率45.5%).假栓塞组术前、后和12周以后CTPA均未发现肺动脉栓塞直接和间接征像.结论 兔自体血栓反复注射法建立慢性肺小动脉栓塞模型有较高的可行性.64层螺旋CTPA对直径1 mm以上级别的肺小动脉栓塞诊断阳性率高.     

非对比增强MRA诊断轻中度肾功能不全合并肺栓塞

目的：探讨空间标记多反转脉冲序列（SLEEK）非增强 MR 血管成像对轻中度肾功能不全合并肺栓塞（PE）的诊断准确性。方法：16例经CT肺动脉血管成像诊断为肺栓塞的轻中度肾功能不全患者,于CTPA检查48小时内行非增强SLEEK MRA检查。由2位放射诊断医师对图像进行分析,以CTPA作为参考标准,分别计算基于肺血管分区（8个分区）和每个栓子,非增强SLEEK MRA诊断肺栓子的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值,并对2位医师诊断结果的一致性进行统计学分析。结果：按栓子的肺血管分区来统计,非增强SLEEK MRA 诊断肺栓子的敏感度为84．5％,特异度100％,阳性预测值为100％,阴性预测值88．6％;基于每个栓子来进行分析,敏感度为78．0％,特异度99．7％,阳性预测值98．9％,阴性预测值92．7％。两位阅片者间诊断结果的一致性较好（Kappa＝0．76）。结论：CTPA 和（非增强） SLEEK MRA诊断肺栓塞的准确性无明显差异,但非增强SLEEK MRA无需使用对比剂,有利于肾功能不全怀疑肺栓塞患者的诊断。     

肺血栓栓塞症CTPA假阳性诊断常见原因分析及影像表现

目的:分析肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)假阳性诊断的常见原因,以降低PTE的误诊率。方法:搜集我院62例PTE假阳性诊断病例的CTPA资料,观察肺动脉CTPA表现,分析误诊原因并对其进行分型,统计各型的发生率。结果:肺血栓栓塞CTPA假阳性诊断的常见原因包括：(1)呼吸运动及心脏传导搏动伪影引起的假阳性诊断(17.74%,11/62),假性栓子表现为紧贴肺动脉管壁一侧的窄带状稍低密度影,常累及多支血管;(2)上腔静脉内高浓度对比剂引起的硬射线伪影导致假阳性诊断(8.06%,5/62),表现为上腔静脉内对比剂浓度较高,周围见放射状分布的条纹状低密度影,累及邻近右肺动脉或右肺上叶肺动脉;(3)将肺门淋巴结误诊为栓子(12.90%,8/62),假性栓子常位于肺动脉分叉处,邻近肺动脉管壁轮廓光整,未见明显充盈缺损;(4)肺血管阻力局限性增高所致假阳性诊断(27.42%,17/62),表现为肺动脉期肺动脉管腔内条片状低密度影,主动脉期该条片状低密度影消失,邻近肺组织内常见慢性炎症或伴有同侧胸腔积液;(5)心血管功能差、肺循环减慢所致假阳性诊断(16.13%,10/62),CTP...     

螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断肺栓塞的价值

本文报告经CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)诊断的肺栓塞(pulmonary cmbolism,PE)18例，进行回顾性分析。以探讨CIPA的诊断价值及其扫描技术。     

探究减影CT肺血管造影碘图在卵巢癌患者术前急性肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值

目的：探讨计算机体层成像肺血管造影（computed tomographic pulmonary angiography,CTPA）图像使用减影软件生成减影CTPA碘图对卵巢癌（ovarian cancer,OC）患者术前急性肺动脉栓塞（acute pulmonary embolism,APE）的诊断价值。方法：分析2018年1月—2022年6月术前怀疑为APE且在320排CT上行CTPA检查的OC患者影像学资料,并使用SURE Subtraction Lung软件生成减影CTPA碘图,结合临床及影像学数据评估减影CTPA碘图对APE的诊断效能。结果：符合纳入标准的302例OC患者中,21例（6.95%）患有APE。共检出栓子70个,于肺动脉主干10个（14.29%）,肺叶动脉17个（24.29%）,段肺动脉29个（41.43%）,亚段及以下肺动脉14个（20.00%）。与诊断标准相比,CTPA检出55个,漏诊15个,误诊50个;减影CTPA碘图检出65个,漏诊5个,误诊22个。根据诊断数据分析,使用CTPA诊断APE的灵敏度为57.14%,特异度为82.56%;减影CTPA碘图诊断A...     

16层螺旋CT在实验性肺栓塞中的应用

目的评价16层螺旋CT诊断肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)特别是周围型肺栓塞的价值。方法9只犬于DSA下经导管将直径2~4mm、长1cm左右的明胶海绵条及直径为1mm、长1cm的线段若干注入肺动脉,制成周围型肺栓塞动物模型,定期对实验犬行肺部CT扫描,观察肺梗死出现情况。10d后行多层螺旋CT肺血管造影(multi-slicespiral CT pulmonary angiography,MSCTPA)检查,检查后将实验犬处死并对肺组织行病理观察。结果9只犬全部完成实验过程,其中4只犬发生了肺梗死,MSCT-PA共发现了52支肺动脉栓塞,其中叶动脉2支,段动脉18支,亚段动脉32支。病理解剖发现55支肺动脉栓塞,其中叶动脉2支,段动脉18支,亚段动脉35支。诊断周围型肺栓塞的准确性为94.34%,对发生在亚段肺动脉内的肺栓塞准确性为91.43%,阳性预测价值为94.12%。结论16层螺旋CT是诊断肺栓塞的可靠方法。     

螺旋CT肺血管造影对老年人肺栓塞的临床诊断价值

目的 评价螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA)对老年人肺栓塞的诊断价值.方法 对64例临床疑诊为肺栓塞的老年患者行螺旋CT 血管造影及二维或三维重建.CTPA 扫描参数取层厚2.0 mm,螺距1.5,用SmartPrep 软件对比剂智能触发技术获得最佳延迟扫描时间.结果 64例临床疑诊肺栓塞中,40例确诊为肺栓塞,共累及肺动脉850支.CTPA确诊36例,4例共5个亚段肺动脉的栓子漏诊.CTPA 诊断肺栓塞的特异性90.9%,敏感性90.5%,准确性90.6%,阳性预测值95.0%,阴性预测值83.3%.结论 螺旋CT血管造影在老年人肺栓塞的诊断中非常重要.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）